Final Review

Which of the following claims are not made by Ferré in "Defining Technology"?

'Nature' can be used to mean all that exists.

Which of the following procedures do not qualify as human enhancement? A. Immunotherapy for Cyborgs B. Cybernetics C. Biomedical gerontology D. In vitro fertilization E. A and D

A and D

According to utilitarianism, saving a drowning man who turns out to be Joseph Stalin is ... A. morally wrong. B. morally right. C. neither wrong nor right.

morally wrong

"From what has been said so far, the Greek concept of technique is characterized by the two-fold relationship of technique first to _______ and then to the processes of _____." (Schadewaldt, The Greek Concepts of 'Nature' and 'Technique', p. 30). Complete the blanks.

theoretical knowledge/nature

In "Art and Artworks" Margaret Battin et al. discuss puzzles concerning the ontology of art. Which artwork do the authors use as an illustration of such puzzles? A. Duchamp's Fountain B. Columbia University's Captive Cat C. Oldenburg's Giant Hamburger D. Bach's Die Kunst der Fuge E. Van Gogh's The Night Café

Bach's Die Kunst der Fuge

Select the correct statement. A. Baker defines artifacts as aggregates of constitutions. B. Baker defines artifacts as constitutional aggregates. C. According to Baker, the constitution relation is identical with the identity relation. D. Baker considers five ways of distinguishing between natural objects and artifacts. E. Baker denies that Agg is not Boat.

Baker considers five ways of distinguishing between natural objects and artifacts.

According to Graham Harman, which philosopher was particularly influential for Heidegger's tool-analysis? A. Adolf Hitler B. Aristotle C. Hubert Dreyfus D. Edmund Husserl E. Graham Harman

Edmund Husserl

What is riding on the answer to the problem of free will and causal determinism? A. Moral and legal responsibility B. The existence of artifacts C. The solution to the creation vs. evolution debate D. The justification of legitimate political authority E. The solution to the mind-body problem

Moral and legal responsibility

"Prof. Ryan Jenkins defends technological instrumentalism." A.Yes B. No C. Neither yes, nor now. He suspends judgment on the issue.

NO

The De Minimis Dilemma states that ... A. As nanotechnology shows, as technological artifacts become smaller it becomes more difficult to assess the risk associated with them. B. Our natural inclination is to assume that technologies pose minimal risks.It is difficult to determine how safe is safe enough. C. No risk threshold is able to provide equal protection from harm to everyone affected by a technology. D. Aggregate effects of sub-threshold levels of risk often go untested.

No risk threshold is able to provide equal protection from harm to everyone affected by a technology.

According to Edmund Gettier, what is the problem with the standard account of knowledge? A. The subject does not need to believe the proposition in order for her to know the proposition. B. The proposition does not need to be true in order for the subject to have knowledge. C. The subject does not need to be justified in believing the proposition in order to have knowledge. D. It is possible for the subject to meet all the conditions of the standard account of knowledge and still not have knowledge. E. It is possible for the subject to meet all of the conditions of knowledge and still not have a justified true belief.

It is possible for the subject to meet all the conditions of the standard account of knowledge and still not have knowledge.

What does Heidegger say happens to mankind when it becomes enframed by the essence of technology? A. Mankind can do anything B. Makind is trapped C. Mankind has reached its end D. Mankind becomes a commodity and a mere resource E. Mankind is exalted to too high a position in relation to nature and god

Mankind becomes a commodity and a mere resource

Select the correct statement. A. It is in principle possible to build a self-driving car that has no moral code. B. It is beyond our control if/when robots become moral agents.It is in principle possible to build a self-driving car that is 100% safe. C. One of the problems with Isaac Asimov's laws of robotics is that a robot may not be able to decide in a particular situation whether harming one person will save the lives of many. D. The problem with 'non-utilitarian' self-driving cars is that people don't want to buy them.

One of the problems with Isaac Asimov's laws of robotics is that a robot may not be able to decide in a particular situation whether harming one person will save the lives of many.

According to Dominic Lopes, what is distinctive of computer art? A. That it is made by a computer. B. That it uses digital code. C. That it is beautiful. D. That it can be stored on a computer. E. That it allows for interactivity.

That it allows for interactivity.

What does Kant mean by a maxim? A. A bit of folksy wisdom. B. An objective moral law. C. A misleading moral command. D. A principle of action that one gives to oneself. E. A goal one sets for oneself.

a principle of action that one gives to oneself

Select the false statement. A. Eugenics was practiced in the U.S. until the 1940's. B. Those opposed to human enhancement maintain that it allows us to intervene in the genetic lottery of life in order to save lives and prevent disability or disease. C. Those opposed to human enhancement maintain that it will lead to a two-tired society. D. It is an intrinsic feature of humanitiy to constantly seek improvement. E. Those advocating for human enhancement maintain that there is no value in suffering.

Those opposed to human enhancement maintain that it allows us to intervene in the genetic lottery of life in order to save lives and prevent disability or disease.

Select the correct statement. A. Art must be beautiful. B. According to George Dickie, animal cannot make art. C. According to Immanuel Kant, beauty is an independent, self-sufficient object D. .According to Aristotle, aesthetic standards simply express individual or cultural tastes. E. Horror is an aesthetic experience.

horror is an aesthetic experience

According to Zach Jurgensen, a modern video game is aesthetically pleasing if it ... A. looks like paradigm artworks. B. imitates cinematic features. C. meets the definition of an artwork D. .is enjoyable to play. E. makes you look good.

is enjoyable to play

According to Aristotle, techne depends on episteme for ...

knowledge of what is good and bad

Aesthetic values have to do with _______ A. the moral and epistemic value of works of art and other objects that could be judged beautiful. B. good and bad works of art and other objects that could be judged beautiful. C. the moral values of artists and critics. D. pragmatic decisions regarding the display of art. E. properties of objects that we appreciate.

good and bad works of art and other objects that could be judged beautiful

An argument is deductive if the truth of the premises ... A. negates the truth of the conclusion. B. is valid. C. guarantees the truth of the conclusion. D. suggests the truth of the conclusion. E. questions the conclusion of the truth.

guarantees the truth of the conclusion

A factor which is indispensable and must have occurred if a specifiable state of affairs has occurred is a __________ condition.

necessary

"Park the car beside the park." How many types of words are in this sentence? Note: For present purposes, let's assume that a word is defined as a string of letters. A. 6 B. 5 C. none of the above

none of the above

The Social Security law defines disability as the inability to engage in any substantial gainful activity by reason of any medically determinable physical or mental impairment(s) which can be expected to result in death or which has lasted or can be expected to last for a continuous period of not less than twelve months. the Social Security definition of disability corresponds the to the U.N. definitions of ..., A. impairment B. disability C. handicap D. none of the above

none of the above

Which of the following objects could not be used for Duchamp's ready-made art? A. a spoon. B. the Mona Lisa. C. a used tea bag. D. a hamster. E. none of these answers.

none of the above

Aesthetics deals with objects that are_____ A. essential to our existence. B. unimportant to most people. C. not essential to our existence. D. immaterial.expensive.

not essential to our existence.

Ferré in "Defining Technology" defines 'technologies' as

practical implementations of intelligence

Select the correct statement. A. It is in principle knowable that and how science will solve certain problems in the future. B. The more predictable an innovation is, the more important it is, because its importance is a key component of its predictability. C. The more extensive our knowledge of the natural world becomes the more complete it becomes. D. According to Hans Reichenbach, we should stop using the inductive method because Hume has shown that it is unjustified. E. There exists an x such that x is a swan, and x is white.

There exists an x such that x is a swan, and x is white.

Which of the following is an analytic statement? A. The Statue of Liberty is in New York City. B. Roses are red. The sun rises in the east. C. A bachelor is an unmarried male. D. C and D

a bachelor is unmarried

According to Aristotle, techne is ...

a kind of knowledge

Causal determinism is the view that ... A. free will is an illusion. B. an effect cannot have more than one cause. C. every event is entirely the result of earlier causes. D. every event is entirely the result of later causes. E. all events are uncaused.

every event is entirely the result of earlier causes.

According to Ryan Jenkins, why it is challenging to program a moral code into a robot? A. Robots don't care about ethics. B. Robots are selfish. C. Robots don't experience morality the way we do. D. Robots have too many preferences. E. Robots are altruists and quite emphatic.

robots don't experience morality the way we do

Given George A. Bekey's definition of a robot, which of the following artifacts is a robot? A. computer virus B. toaster C. test tube baby D. roomba vacuum E. fire sprinkler system

roomba vacuum

Select the correct statement. "Brother" and "male sibling" are not synonymous. It cannot be known a priori that a brother is a male sibling. "A brother is a brother" is a non-trivial statement. "A brother is a brother" and "A brother is a male sibling" differ in cognitive value. "A brother is a brother" and "A brother is a male sibling" don't differ in cognitive value.

"A brother is a brother" and "A brother is a male sibling" differ in cognitive value.

The Gettier Problem shows that ... A. a true belief that could very easily have been false does not qualify as knowledge. B. you should never trust your boss. C. it's none of your business what others have in their pockets. D. you cannot know falsehoods. E. knowledge requires conclusive reasons.

a true belief that could very easily have been false does not qualify as knowledge.

Immanuel Kant claims that ... A. artworks can be subjective and universal at the same time. B. we are disinterested in pleasure.aesthetic judgments can be both subjective and universal. C. universal subjects can judge aesthetics. D. artworks appear to be purposive without purpose.

aesthetic judgments can be both subjective and universal.

Philosophers define freedom of the will as the ..... A. ability to act randomly. B. ability to do whatever you like. C. ability to act differently. D. ability to choose to do the same in different circumstances. E. ability to choose to do otherwise in the same circumstances.

ability to choose to do otherwise in the same circumstances.

What is the fundamental principle of morality, according to Kant? A. Don't lie! B. Do unto others as you would have them do unto you. C. Act only on maxims that are universilizable. D. Always maximize happiness. E. That animals are merely means to an end.

act only on maxims that are univresilizable

In the context of the constitution paradox, the takeover theory is the view that ... A. an object ceases to exist when its particles are rearranged. B. rearranging the particles of an object brings about a new object. C. two objects can be in the same place at the same time the acquiring company becomes responsible for all of the target company's operations. D. Answers A and B

answers A and B

According to Heidegger, the distinctive feature of modern technology is ... A. the steam engine. B. the computer. C. hydroelectric power. D. challenging revealing. E. revealing challenges.

challenging revealing

Which of the following statements is false? A.Cheese is derived from milk. B."Cheese" is derived from a word in Old English. C.Cheese has calcium, protein, and phosphorus. D. Cheese has three e's.

cheese has 3 e's in it

Select the correct statement. A. A work of computer art is interactive if it dictates that the actions of its users help generate its displays. B. A user interact with a work of computer art just in case she acts so as to generate its display in an arbitrary manner. C. A work of computer art is interactive to the degree that it is the creation of many programmers. D. The actions of the users of a work of computer art help generate its displays, unless it is prescribed to be interactive. E. A work of computer art is interactive to the degree that the actions of its users help generate its displays.

A work of computer art is interactive to the degree that the actions of its users help generate its displays.

Select the false statement. A. According to Heidegger, we first conceive of things as they are in themselves, independent of our goals and needs (Vorhandenheit as opposed to Zuhandenheit)). B. According to Heidegger, Dasein is a being who has an understanding of being C. According to Heidegger, 'equipment' are the entities that are manifested in our day-to-day activities. D. According to Heidegger, Dasein is a being whose being is an issue for itself. E. According to Heidegger, 'Dasein' is the human existence.

According to Heidegger, we first conceive of things as they are in themselves, independent of our goals and needs (Vorhandenheit as opposed to Zuhandenheit)).

Select the false statement.the word 'ought' is often used non-morally. A. Rule-utilitarianism has no problem coping with the counterexamples to act-utilitarianism. B. The hedonist claims that the ultimate good is happiness. C. According to Aristotle, the basic virtues are the same for everyone. D. According to Kant, the statement "Do not lie!" is a hypothetical imperative.

According to Kant, the statement "Do not lie!" is a hypothetical imperative.

Select the correct statement.Identical twins are numerically identical. A. Leibniz's law states that if x and y are material things which have exactly the same parts, then x = z. B. According to four-dimensionalism, objects are not only spatially but also temporally extended. C. If x = y, then y = z. The transitivity of identity states that x = x.

According to four-dimensionalism, objects are not only spatially but also temporally extended.

Select the false statement. A. According to the perfectionist, everything else being equal, we must select a being that will have the best chance of having the best life over a being that will nost have the best chance of having the best life. B. According to the "The Life Worth Living Libertarian View," it is morally obligatory to engage in selection if the being can have a life worth living. C. According to the sufficientarian view, everything else being equal there is a prima facie obligation to select a beiong that will have a decent chance to have a sufficiently decent life over a being that will not have a decent chance of having a sufficiently decent life. D. One of the objections to the perfectionist view states that this view not only requires us to select a healthy child over a possibly sick child but also to make selections between healthy children. E. A prima facie obligation is a duty that is binding other things being equal.

According to the "The Life Worth Living Libertarian View," it is morally obligatory to engage in selection if the being can have a life worth living.

Select the false statement A. According to the U.N. definition, a handicap is a disadvantage for a given individual, resulting fron am impairment or disability that limits or prevents the fulfillment of a role that is normal, depending on age, sex, social and cultural facts, for that individual. B. According to the U.N. definition, a disability is any restriction or lack (resulting from an impairment) of ability to perform an activity in the manner or within the range considered normal for a human being. C. According to the U.N. definition, an impairment is any loss or abnormality of psychological, physiological, or anatomical structure of function. D. According to the U.N. definitions, there are handicaps that do not involve impairments. E. According to the U.N. definitions, disabilities and handicaps are types of impairments.

According to the U.N. definitions, there are handicaps that do not involve impairments.

Select the false statement. A. According to Keith Abney, utilitarianism is the least plausible candidate for robot morality. B. Isaac Asimov's first law of robotics states that a robot may not injure a human being or, through inaction, allow a human being to come to harm. C. According to Keith Abney, psychopaths have a functioning deliberative decision-making system but a defective instinctual decision-making system. D. All moral philosophers agree that a person is morally responsible for what s/he has done only if s/he could have done otherwise. E. Harry Frankfurt's example of Black, Jones, and Smith suggests that a person is not morally responsible for what s/he has done if s/he did it only because s/he could not have done otherwise.

All moral philosophers agree that a person is morally responsible for what s/he has done only if s/he could have done otherwise.

Which of the following works of art could be considered an example of digital art? A. A painting of an early Apple computer done in oil on canvas with a paint brush. B. A bronze statue with a figure famous in television or radio. C. An artwork that combines images drawn on the computer with video clips. D. Art made from recycled pieces of old televisions, radios and desktop computers. E. Traffic signs.

An artwork that combines images drawn on the computer with video clips.

In the context of the constitution paradox, the takeover theory is the view that ______

Answers A and B

Select the correct statement. A. Technological determinism presupposes autonomous technology. B. Autonomous technology presupposes technological determinism. C. Technological optimists endorse autonomous technology. D. Technological pessimists are skeptical of technological determinism. E. Technological determinism is a form of fatalism.

Autonomous technology presupposes technological determinism.

Select the correct statement. A. Baker defines artifacts as intentionally created objects that serve a given purpose. B. According to Baker, all cases in which something fails to perform its intended function is a malfunction. C. What Baker calls 'eliminativism' is a very different view from the one that Sider calls 'nihilism.'' D. Baker denies that there is a nondenumerable infinity of objects. E. Baker rejects the constitution view of artifacts.

Baker defines artifacts as intentionally created objects that serve a given purpose

Select the correct statement. A. Experimental findings suggest that people want others to buy driverless cars that minimize overall harm. B. Experimental findings suggest that driverless cars want passengers that minimize overall harm. C. Experimental findings suggest that people want to buy driverless cars that minimize overall harm. D. Sven Nyholm argues that it is a good idea to select the moral code used for driverless cars on the basis of people's reactions to moral dilemmas such as the 'Trolley Problem.' E. In a crash situation involving a driverless car we should always hold the manufacturer responsible.

Experimental findings suggest that people want others to buy driverless cars that minimize overall harm.

Select the correct statement. A. Semantic engineering targets the genes in specific organs and tissues of the body of a single existing person without affecting genes in their eggs or sperm. B. Germline engineering targets the eggs in genes. C. Genetic selection involves selecting particular pairs of gaments for fertilization or a particular embryo for implantation. D. Genetic modification involves using genetic engineering to age certain genes in an embryo or a gamete. E. The libertarian argues that reproductive genetic engineering isn't morally permissible.

Genetic selection involves selecting particular pairs of gaments for fertilization or a particular embryo for implantation.

Select the correct statement A. The causal theory of knowledge claims that causal knowledge is required for technology. B. The defeasibiliy theory shows that knowledge is incompatible with a defeatist attitude. C. Gettier cases show that knowledge is incompatible with epistemic luck. D. Gettier cases show that you'd be lucky to know anything about reality. E. Gettier cases support relativism about truth.

Gettier cases show that knowledge is incompatible with epistemic luck.

Select the correct statement. A. Leibniz's law states that if a and b have different properties at different times, then they are not the same. B. Leibniz's law states that if a and b are identical, then they must have the same properties at different times. C. Identity is reflexive (everything is necessarily identical to itself). D. The reverse Leibniz's law states that if a = b, then a and b have exactly the same parts. E. Symmetry is identical.

Identity is reflexive (everything is necessarily identical to itself).

Select the correct statement. A. You are morally responsible for what you have done even if you have no control over your action. B. To be morally responsible for an action of yours you need to know that you are. C. If it is not reasonable to expect a person to do something, then the person is not praiseworthy for it. D. Moral ignorance is ignorance of moral facts. E. If a person is blameless for their ignorance, then the person is blameless for acting from that ignorance.

If a person is blameless for their ignorance, then the person is blameless for acting from that ignorance.

Which, if any, of the steps of the simple argument for fatalism are problematic? A. If we know that you will do x tomorrow, then it is true that you will do x tomorrow. B. If it is true that you will do x tomorrow, then you cannot possibly not do x tomorrow. C. If you cannot possibly not do x tomorrow, then you are not free to do x tomorrow. D. Therefore, if we know that you will do x tomorrow, then you are not free to do x tomorrow.

If it is true that you will do x tomorrow, then you cannot possibly not do x tomorrow.

How are the Trolley Driver case and the Fat Man case morally similar?

If you act, one person will die, but if you do not, five will die.

Select the correct statement A. Ryle draws a distinction between knowledge-that and knowledge-how. B. Knowledge-that is commonly thought to allow for degrees. C. 'Intellectualism', the way Ryle uses the term, is the view that it takes intellect to acquire knowledge-that. D. Stanley and Williamson reduce know-that to know-how. E. The point of Ryle's regress argument is that if knowledge-how is a species of knowledge-that, we get to do infinitely many things.

Ryle draws a distinction between knowledge-that and knowledge-how.

Select the correct statement. A. Sider's preferred solution to the paradox of material constitution is nihilism. B. Sider's preferred solution to the paradox of material constitution is the takeover theory. C. Sider's preferred solution to the paradox of material constitution is three-dimensionalism. D. Sider's preferred solution to the paradox of material constitution is the just matter theory. E. Sider's preferred solution to the paradox of material constitution is four-dimensionalism.

Sider's preferred solution to the paradox of material constitution is four-dimensionalism

How does Heidegger define 'Enframing'? A. Standing reserve B. A way to make ends meet C. A human activity D. A revelation E. Something we are powerless about

Standing reserve

What does Ludwig Wittgenstein mean by "family resemblance"?-- All words with the same root share a similar meaning. -- The different uses of a word share certain similarities, but have no defining characteristics.-- There is a certain "genetic code" that gives words their meaning.-- None of these answers

The different uses of a word share certain similarities, but have no defining characteristics.

Heidegger says "What is dangerous is not technology. There is no demonry of technology, but rather there is the mystery of its essence. The essence of technology, as a destination of revealing, is the danger" (Heidegger, "The Question Concerning Technology," p. 47). Pick the sentence that best describes why technology is dangerous. A. Technological stuff is the essence of technology and therefore all technology should be avoided so that it does not take over our human way of understanding. B. I should get rid of my iPhone and stop using computers because they are destroying my human essence. C. The essence of technology is dangerous because it is impossible to understand, and that is why we must keep questioning about it. D. Because of the essence of technology we are able to see the world and things as they stand on their own. E. Because the essence of technology is a mystery what it can do is dangerous since we do not know all the possible outcomes of its use.

The essence of technology is dangerous because it is impossible to understand, and that is why we must keep questioning about it.

What is virtue ethics? A. The idea that we achieve goodness by using virtuous Saints and Biblical figures as an example. B. The idea that we achieve goodness by assuming the best in people at all times C. The idea that we achieve goodness not by following rules but by developing positive personality traits or 'virtues' D. The idea that it is virtuous to be ethical. E. The idea that virtually no one is morally pure.

The idea that we achieve goodness not by following rules but by developing positive personality traits or 'virtues'

Technological instrumentalism is the view that ... A. Technology has instrumental value. B. The intentions of the users of technology contribute to the moral standing of technological artifacts. C. Technological possibilities are boundless. D. The intentions of the users of technology are the only thing that matters when it comes to assessing the moral standing of technological artifacts. E. Only the intentions of technological artifacts matter when it comes to making moral judgments about the users of technologies

The intentions of the users of technology are the only thing that matters when it comes to assessing the moral standing of technological artifacts.

Select the false statement on the basis of the interview with Ryan Jenkins. A. Robots are like psychopaths. B. A robot could behave morally without being moral. C. The moral behavior of humans is always going to be different from that of robots. D. Even if the moral bahvior of a robot is indistinguishable from that of a human we do not and should not think of the robot as a moral agent because it does not share our evolutionary history. rality because E. By helping robots become moral agents we would be creating an army of slaves.

The moral behavior of humans is always going to be different from that of robots.

Select the false statement. A. Deafness has a social and a biological aspect. B. The only way to treat conductive hearing loss is by means of a cochlear implants C. One of the arguments against cochlear implants is that such implants in children reduce the size of the deaf community with whom adult deaf people can communicate. D. People who identify with the deaf culture do not consider themselves as disabled. E. Robert Sparrow in "Defending Deaf Culture", argues that hearing parents of deaf children should be allowed to employ the bionic ear to bring their children up as members of the hearing culture.

The only way to treat conductive hearing loss is by means of a cochlear implants

The Consent Dilemma states that ... A. People are not willing to consent to new technologies even though they benefit from them. B. People developing new technologies ought to enter a "Consensual Relationship Agreement." C. There is no consensus on how much technology is too much. D. The people most affected by risk are occasionally least able to give free and informed consent to being exposed to these risks. E. Free and informed consent is a legal fiction.

The people most affected by risk are occasionally least able to give free and informed consent to being exposed to these risks.

Select the correct statement. A. The ship of Theseus paradox shows that the reconstructed ship is identical with the continuous ship. B. The takeover theorist claims that in the ship of Theseus paradox the original ship is identical with the reconstructed ship. C. The takeover theorist claims that in the ship of Theseus paradox the original ship is identical with the continuous ship. D. We can define the identity of an object over time by imposing a proportion of the object's parts that remain unchanged. E. The ship of Theseus paradox rests on Leibniz's law and the transitivity of identity principle.

The ship of Theseus paradox rests on Leibniz's law and the transitivity of identity principle.

Four-dimensionalism claims that _________

an object can consist of parts that exist at different times.

All mothers are parents. Which of the following best identifies this statement? A. It is a synthetic statement. B. It is an empirical claim. C. It is an analytic statement. D. It is an a posteriori claim.

analytical

According to Dominic Lopes, a modern video game is a work of computer art if it is ... A. beautiful. B. interactive. C. art. D. generates its displays in a prescribed manner. E. made by a computer

art

Based on a close reading of Heidegger's essay, what seems to be the solution -- what Heidegger calls "the saving power" -- to the dangers of modern technology? A. More technology B. Religion and mysticism C. Science and warfare D. Art and poetry E. Being and time

art and poetry

The definition of technology as applied science is ...

broader than the definition of technology as a technique

According to Ryan Jenkins, which ethical theory is the most fruitful for robotics? A. consequentialism B. virtue ethics C. deontology

consequentialism

Which of the following dilemmas has to do with risk assessment? A. Prisoner's dilemma B. The paradox of choice C. Newcomb's paradox D. Contributors dilemma E. Paradox of tolerance

contributors dilemma

The doctrine of double effect (DDE) ...

distinguishes between the intended good effects of an action and the foreseen, yet unintended consequences.

Invisible disabilities are .... A. not 'real' disabilities because they don't provoke the same overt prejudice as visible ones do B. define a segment of people with disabilities that need to be more fully integrated into the disability community. C. a phase that most people eventually pass through and go on to lead healthy, productive lives. D. invented by fakers who can afford to pay for disability diagnosises to get extra time on exams in educational institutions.

define a segment of people with disabilities that need to be more fully integrated into the disability community.

"In making a moral decision, one should be more concerned with having good motives than arriving at good consequences." Which ethical position is expressed by this statement? A. Ethical Relativism B. Virtue Ethics C. Utilitarianism D. Deontology E. Determinism

deontology

For Hume, the uniformity of nature: A. if denied, implies a contradiction. B. can only be shown true enough through inductive argument. C. implies that causal relations are inherent in objects. D. is assumed as a postulate for all science. e. does not allow for a non-circular justification. justified

does not allow for non-circular justification. justified

The paradox of analysis shows that a philosophical analysis is ______

either false or uninformative

Which of the following character traits is not part of James Rachel's partial list virtues? A. industriousness B. thoughtfulness C. elegance D. civility E. moderation

elegance

Technology, Heidegger says, A. is destined to destroy us B. .is the supreme danger, but also the saving power. C. enframes things as being there for our use. D. positions man as the shepherd ob Being. E. is our salvation.

enframes things as being there for our use.

Should a non-therapeutic procedures that provide no net benefit (e.g., tattoos) be called an "enhancement"? True or False

false

Thomson claims that if a trolley driver refuses to steer the runaway trolley onto a side track, and because of this the trolley runs over five people, the driver merely lets the five die.

false

Because philosophy requires that we question our beliefs, it cannot provide reasons why one set of beliefs should be preferred over another.

false information

Which of the following methods is not used for risk assessment? A. expressed preferences B. revealed preferences C. risk-cost-benefit analysis D. fortune telling E. natural standards

fortune telling

A Gettier case for know-how is a case where someone .... A. fails to acquire a skill despite excellent training. B. knows how to acquire a skill. C. acquires the skill to understand the Gettier Problem. D. acquires a skill despite training to failure. E. obtains a skill on the basis of faulty training.

obtains a skill on the basis of faulty training.

In the Trolley Driver case, what happens if the driver turns the trolley?

one person is killed

Philosophical attempts at a general definition of technology are of which kind ...

précising definition

What did Kant believe is the relationship between rationality and morality? A. Morality and rationality are fundamentally opposed. B. Rationality requires us to be moral. C. Morality and rationality are completely independent. D. Rationality might sometimes require immorality but not often.

rationality requires us to be moral

Indefeasible justification is justification ... A. that underwrites knowledge in falsehoods. B. for indefensible propositions. C. remains stable no matter what additional true information the subject acquires.remains stable in the face of falsification. D. is invincible.

remains stable no matter what additional true information the subject acquires.

According to Edward Bullogh, the aesthetic attitude is characterized by .... A.fear. B. concern for one's looks. C. stepping back from one's practical concerns. D. concern for cosmetics. E. suicidal feelings.

stepping back from one's practical concerns.

Causal determinism is the thesis that every event has its ____ A. causes. B. irrelevant C. sufficient D. determined E. freemental

sufficient

Select the false statement: A. Gettier counterexamples to the justified-true-belief account of knowledge assume ... B. that if one is justified in believing p, and p entails q, and one deduces q from p, and accepts q as a result of this deduction, then one is justified in believing q. C. that it is possible for a person to be justified in believing a false proposition. D. that one can end up with a justified belief even though the reasoning proceeded through a false step.that one cannot be justified in believing a false proposition. E. that Smith is justified in believing that the man who gets the job has ten coins in his pocket.

that one cannot be justified in believing a false proposition.

Which of the following is a synthetic statement? A. The Washington Monument has 4 sides. B. A bachelor is an unmarried male. C. Either there is life on Mars or there isn't. D. A triangle has 3 sides.

the Washington Monument has 4 sides

According to the causal theory of knowing, for subject S to know that p there must be an appropriate causal relation between ... A. S and her parents. B. the fact that make p true and S' denying that p. C. the fact that make p true and S's defeaters. D. the fact that makes p true and S's believing that p. E. p and the laws of nature

the fact that makes p true and S's believing that p.

"Ethics really boils down to a cost-benefit analysis." Which ethical position is expressed by this statement? A. Ethical Relativism B. Virtue Ethics C. Utilitarianism D. Deontology E. Nihilism

utilitarianism

Alvin Goldman's fake barn counterexample against the causal theory of knowing, which he defended earlier is meant to show that ... A. one can be caused to believe falsehoods. B. perception is not an appropriate belief-forming process. C. skepticism is true.the facts that make p true and the subject's belief that p must be reliably related. D. one can know that p even if the belief that p is only accidentally true.

the facts that make p true and the subject's belief that p must be reliably related.

According to Gottlob Frege, "Mark Twain" and "Samuel Clemens" have ______

the same reference but different senses

In the context of the constitution paradox, nihilism is the view that ... A. denies the possibility of knowledge and truth.the destruction of all existing political, social, and religious order is a prerequisite for any future improvement. B. rejects the possibility of absolute moral or ethical values. C. there are no composite material objects. D. all material objects are infinitely divisible.

there are no composite material objects.

In the context of the constitution paradox, nihilism is the view that _____

there are no composite material objects.

The open definition of art claims that ... A. art is open ended. B. we should open ourselves to the arts. C. art should be open to everyone. D. there are no necessary conditions for something being an artwork. E. there are no sufficient conditions for something being an artwork.

there are no necessary conditions for something being an artwork.

In a society where corrective lenses are available for someone with extreme myopia (nearsightedness), this person would not be considered to have a disability, however someone with the same condition in a society where corrective lenses were not available would be considered to have a disability, especially if the level of vision prevented the person from performing tasks expected of this person. True or False

true

Might an enhanced organism count as someone's intellectual property? True or False

true

True or False: The idea that technology controls us make more sense when technology is defined as system than when it is defined as artifact.

true

True or False? Empirical knowledge is the same as a posteriori knowledge.

true

True or False? Fatalism implies causal determinism, but not vice versa

true

True or False? If you have normal vision, your eyes are not covered, and you are in a well-lit area, then opening your eyes is a necessary and sufficient condition for seeing.

true

True or False? In philosophy the purpose of rational self-examination is to develop arguments that correct or support beliefs in ways that could be persuasive even to people with different backgrounds.

true

True or False? In principle, free will is compatible with causal determinism.

true

True or False? One of the primary aims of philosophy is to see how our beliefs compare with those of others who can and do raise objections against those beliefs.

true

True or False? To say that philosophy encourages the adoption of a questioning attitude means that philosophic thinking encourages people to deny the existence of God or traditional moral beliefs.

true

True or False? Fatalism is the view that whatever a person's actions and circumstances, his or her predetermined end is inevitable.

true

According to Thi Nguyen, the value of game-playing is that ... A. time passes more quickly. B. friendships are strengthened. C. we learn about ourselves and our agency. D. agents learn to be ourselves. E. we learn to accept defeat gracefully.

we learn about ourselves and our agency

The moral dilemma of the Trolley Driver case is ...

whether it is better to let five die than to act and bring about one person's death.

Is it possible for a a valid argument that is not sound to have a true conclusion? A. No B. Yes C. Yes and No D. Neither Yes nor No

yes

According to the justified-true-belief (JTB) account of knowledge, you know proposition p only if ... A. you are justified in believing that you know that p. B. you know that you know that p. C. you are justified in believing that p and p is true. D. you know that p is true.

you are justified in believing that p and p is true.

According to Thompson's solution to the trolley problem ...

you may divert an existing threat but not create a new threat.