Final Review

security

According to Maslow's hierarchy, the need to have a safe physical and emotional environment is a(n) _____ need.

psychological

According to Maslow, an individual is motivated first and foremost to satisfy _____ needs.

productivity

According to the results of a classic study, employee participation increases _____ and satisfaction.

participate

Allowing employees to _____ in the change process is an effective way of overcoming resistance to change.

equity theory

Ana is a police detective. She believes that she is just as good a detective as her male counterparts. Because she is female, many of her counterparts assume that she will type up their reports as well as her own. She has been doing this typing for a while and is increasingly feeling under-rewarded for her efforts. In terms of _____, she will decrease her inputs by refusing to do additional work and try to reduce the gap between work and rewards.

self efficacy

_____ is a person's belief about his or her capabilities to perform a task.

insight

_____ is a spontaneous breakthrough that occurs after the preparation and incubation phases of the creative process.

authority

_____ is power that has been legitimized by the organization.

neuroticism

_____ is the extent to which a person experiences anxiety or is poised, calm, resilient, and secure.

delegation

_____ is the process by which a manager assigns a portion of his or her total workload to others.

labor relations

_____ is the process of dealing with employees who are represented by a union.

departmentalization

_____ is the process of grouping jobs according to some logical arrangement.

personality

_____ is the relatively stable set of psychological and behavioral attributes that distinguish one person from another.

openness

_____ refers to a person's rigidity of beliefs and range of interests.

human capital

_____ reflects an organization's investment in attracting, retaining, and motivating an effective workforce.

communication

_____ skills refer to a manager's abilities to both effectively convey ideas and information to others and effectively receive ideas and information from others.

time management

_____ skills refer to a manager's ability to prioritize work, to work efficiently, and to delegate work appropriately.

unity of command

_____ suggests that each person within an organization must have a clear reporting relationship to one and only one boss.

better

_____ survival rates of entrepreneurial ventures is a recent business trend.

convergent

_____ thinking is a skill that allows people to see similarities between situations or events.

agreeableness

A person's ability to get along with others in an organization is known as _____.

first mover advantage

A(n) _____ is any advantage that comes to them because it exploits an opportunity before any other firm does.

conflict of interest

A(n) _____ occurs when an employee's decision potentially benefits the individual to the possible detriment of the organization.

esteem

According to Maslow's hierarchy, _____ needs include the need that people have for respect and recognition.

incentives

At Omega Inc., a fixed amount of money is added to the salaries of employees if their performance exceeds a predetermined level of expectation. A smaller portion of the amount is added if the employees' performances just meet the expected level. Omega is most likely to be motivating their employees with _____.

organizational commitment

Chandra has been bank manager at the same bank for 35 years. She is vital to the bank and has a high level of autonomy and variety in her work. Her _____ is likely to be high due to her years with the organization.

conflict

Compared to Type A individuals, Type B individuals are less likely to experience _____ with others.

attitudes

Complexes of beliefs and feelings that people have about specific ideas, situations, or other people are known as _____.

organizational stress

Consequences of _____ include feelings of exhaustion.

organizing

Determining how a company's activities and resources are to be grouped is called _____.

training

In human resource management, _____ usually refers to teaching operational or technical employees how to do the job for which they were hired.

planning

In its simplest form, _____ means setting an organization's goals and deciding how best to achieve them.

diversity

In the business world, the term _____ is generally used to refer to demographic differences among people-differences in gender, age, ethnicity, and so forth.

merit pay

Jessica Weller, a senior manager at DigWell Inc., differentiates the annual pay raises provided to her subordinates based on their individual contributions to the organization. This type of reward system used by Jessica is an example of _____.

positive reinforcement

Justin is rewarded a significant pay raise for his contributions to the organization. This motivates him to put in more hard work and better performance. the organization has used _____ to strengthen his behavior.

intuition

Managers sometimes decide to do something because it feels right or they have a hunch. This is an example of using _____ in decision making.

acceptance

One advantage of group decision making is more _____ of the final decision.

group

One disadvantage of _____ decision making is one person may dominate the group.

performance

Rewards tied specifically to _____ have the greatest impact on enhancing motivation

service

The _____ industry provides a higher return on time invested than any other industry group.

interpersonal

The ability to motivate others is a(n) _____ skill.

planning

The management function of _____ involves selecting the course of action most likely to lead to success.

ethics

The term _____ refers to an individual's personal beliefs about whether a behavior, action, or decision is right or wrong.

span of management

The term _____ refers to the number of people reporting to a particular manager.

uncertainty

Wendy is reluctant to accept a new job offer because she's worried about her ability to meet new job demands. The most likely reason for such employee resistance to change is _____.

self interests

When the top management at Venus Corp. sought to change the organization design, form more work teams, and decrease the managers' span of management, it met with great resistance from the managers. This was because the managers feared that their power within the company would decrease. The managers' reaction to change was brought about by threatened _____.

temporary workers

_____ are hired for short periods of time and provide greater flexibility, earn lower wages, and do not participate in benefit programs.

management

_____ can be defined as a set of activities directed at an organization's resources, with the aim of achieving organizational goals in an efficient and effective manner.

decision making

_____ involves selecting a course of action from a set of alternatives.

performance appraisal

_____ is a formal assessment of how well employees are doing their jobs.