FISDAP MEDICAL PRACTICE EXAM

stage 2 hemorrhage

15-30% blood loss

To be classified as an organ it must have Howe many layers of tissue

2

Treatment for a PT with GI bleeding includes

2 L fluid bolus infusion in adults, 20 ml/kg in children. High flow 02 and pneumatic anti-shock garments should be considered

Signs and symptoms of an upper GI bleed

A black, tarry stool(melena) often indicates an upper GI bleed

How is Addison's disease caused by

A deficiency of corticosteroid hormones cortisol and aldosterone

Signs and symptoms of a brown recluse spider bite

A lesion may be surrounded by a red halo known as the "bull's eye,'' symptoms include fever chills malaise N/V generalized rash and the development of hemolytic anemia.

This type of seizure is described as a brief LOC without loss of posture

Absence seizure(petit mal)

The primary neurotransmitter of the parasympathetic nervous system

Acetylcholine

How can hyperkalemia be treated?

Albuterol, calcium, sodium bicarbonate

This type of seizure is described as an abrupt loss of muscle tone, sudden collapse and is sometimes known as a "drop attack"

Atonic seizure

The first drug of choice in an organophosphate poisoning

Atropine should always be used first

Eccymosis

Bruising that looks identical to a contusion, but is not the result of internal bleeding.

How is Hep B transmitted?

Contact with infectious blood, semen, or other body fluids, also perinatal

Conjugate gaze

Deviation of both eyes to either side at rest which implies damage to brain tissue

dysconjugate gaze

Deviation of the eyes to the opposite sides at rest implies damage to the brainstem

The most common cause of lower GI bleed

Diverticulosis

3 signs of Becks triad

Elevated pulse pressure, muffled heart tones, and hypotension

How is Hepatitis A transmitted?

Fecal-oral route

Lupus primarily effects what type of patient?

Females between the ages of 15-45

PT with myasthenia gravis can not receive what drug?

Fentanyl

Treatment of anaphylaxis

Give Epinephrine to all patients with clinical signs of shock, airway swelling or difficulty breathing.

Patients who are non responsive to epinephrine during an anaphylactic reaction due to beta locker usage may be given what medication?

Glucagon

Pain and bruising in the flank area

Grey turners sign

Side effects of an ACE inhibitor

Hypertension, edema and CHF

How to measure CPP

ICP subtracted by MAP

How is Cushing syndrome caused

It is caused by an abnormally high circulating level of corticosteroid hormone

cholecystitis is more common in which type of patient?

It is more common in women age 30-50

Becks Triad signs

JVD, narrowing pulse pressure, hypotension and muffled heart tones

Signs and symptoms of meningitis

Malaise, low grade fever, projectile vomiting, petechial rash, headache and a stiff neck.

Signs and symptoms of a black widow spider bite

Muscle cramps and spasms, abdominal rigidity and intense pain, pain in the muscles of the shoulders, back and chest. Headache, dizziness, N/V, and edema of the eyelids

This type of seizure is described as brief muscle contractions that usually occur at the same time on both sides of the body

Myoclonic seizures

The primary neurotransmitter of the sympathetic nervous system

Norepinephrine

Preexisting conditions for HHNK

Often occurs in older patients with type 2 diabetes

Which type of patient is most likely to experience HHNS?

Older patients with type 2 diabetes or patients with undiagnosed diabetes

signs and symptoms of HHNS

Orthostatic hypotension, dry mucous membranes, tachycardia

McBurney's point

Pain in RLQ with appendicitis

Murphy's sign

Pain with palplation of gall bladder (seen with cholecystitis)

The most common cause of upper GI bleed

Peptic ulcer disease and variceal rupture

Treating a patient who overdosed on a tricyclic antidepressant drug

Per medical direction, sodium bicarb may begin to reverse cardiac toxicity. Airway, ventilatory and circulatory support; IV access, ECG monitoring.

Appendicitis S/S

RLQ abdominal pain or cramping, nausea, vomiting, chills, low grade fever

What are physiological effects of hyperventilation?

Respiratory alkalosis, which lowers PC02 and C02

Cushing's syndrome character appearance

Round and red face, fat trunk, thin limbs

How will pancreatitis present?

Severe epigastric pain radiating from the mid-umbilicus to the patients back and shoulders , nausea, vomiting and in severe cases the patient has fever, tachycardia, and signs of generalized sepsis and shock.

Signs and symptoms of thyroid storm

Severe tachycardia, heart failure, dysrhythmias, shock, hyperthermia, abdominal pain

A PT with stroke like symptoms that resolve within 24 hours without per any damage is called

TIA

Signs and symptoms of anaphylaxis

The PT may complain of throat tightness and dyspnea, stridor, and wheezing may be present. The PT may also have erythema(redness) and urticaria(hives) and angioedema

If the pupils are fixed and dilated there has been an injury to which part of the CNS

The brainstem

Treatment of organophosphate poisoning

The drugs currently used as antidotes include, atropine, pralidoxime chloride and diazepam or lorazepam.

The thermoregulagory center in the brain isn't located where

The hypothalamus

How is hepatitis c transmitted?

Through receipt of contaminated blood, most commonly through a needle stick injury

The pneumonic TICLS stands for what?

Tone Interactivness Consolability Look Speech

The pneumonic TICLS stand still for what?

Tone Interactivnss Consalability

This type of seizure is described as a sudden LOC and loss of organized muscle tone

Tonic-clonic seizure

Treatment of a headache

Treatment in the prehospital setting is mostly supportive however a full history should be obtained and a full neurological exam should be performed. Most headaches can be managed with analgesics

Treatment of a delusional patient

Treatment is aimed at correcting the underlying physical disorder to reduce anxiety. Sedatives may be required to manage the PT.

Signs and symptoms of Guillian Barr syndrome

Weakness or tingling sensations in the legs that may be spread to the arms and upper legs

Rhabdomyolysis

When the body will break down muscle tissue and release the byproduct into the bloodstream

Prehospital treatment for pneumonia

airway support, oxygen administration, ventilatory assistance as needed, IV fluids to support B/P, and to thin and loosen mucus, cardiac monitoring and sometimes bronchodilator drugs

Signs and symptoms of a CVA

aphasia, confusion or coma, convulsions, incontinence, vision change, headache, dizziness or vertigo and ataxia

melena

black tarry stool which indicates and upper GI bleed

Symptoms of Lupus

butterfly shaped rash on chin & cheeks, pericarditis, pleuritis, extreme fatigue, painful or swollen joints, and kidney problems.

Becks triad is associated with ___

cardiac tamponade

hematochezia

passage of fresh, bright red blood from the rectum which is a sign of lower GI bleed

Mallory-Weiss syndrome

tear in the distal esophagus from retching in alcoholism or bulimia