History Exam 4

The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo of 1848 provided for all of the following EXCEPT: A. the transfer of California to the United States. B. guaranteeing to male citizens in the Mexican Cession "their liberty and property." C. payment of $15 million to Mexico by the United States. D. U.S. control of all of the Oregon Country. E. confirmation of the U.S. annexation of Texas.

D. U.S. control of all of the Oregon Country.

Lincoln's issuance of an emancipation proclamation: A. was delayed on the advice of General George McClellan. B. won universal support throughout the North. C. led to a strong Republican showing in the congressional and state elections of 1862. D. followed the narrow Union victory in the Battle of Antietam. E. led Great Britain to recognize the independence of the Confederate States of America.

D. followed the narrow Union victory in the Battle of Antietam.

In the May and June 1864 battles in Virginia (between the armies of Grant and Lee): A. a. the Union army was forced to retreat down the peninsula in defeat. B. b. Lee's brutality earned him the nickname "the Butcher." C. c. the Confederates launched the heroic but unsuccessful Pickett's Charge. D. d. the Union army, despite high casualties, pressed forward in its campaign. E. e. Grant's men decisively defeated Lee's army, which forced the evacuation of Richmond.

D. the Union army, despite high casualties, pressed forward in its campaign.

The Free Soil Party: A. demonstrated that antislavery sentiment had spread far beyond abolitionist ranks. B. cost Henry Clay the presidency by siphoning off votes from him in New York. C. was powerful enough to convince James Polk not to seek reelection. D. strongly opposed the Wilmot Proviso but agreed to let it pass as part of a compromise. E. nominated Zachary Taylor for president.

A. demonstrated that antislavery sentiment had spread far beyond abolitionist ranks.

During the first two years of the war, Union forces were generally: A. more successful in the West than in the East. B. ill-trained, which changed when General McClellan took over in 1863. C. successful in all regions in which the war took place. D. unable to take any territory held by the Confederates. E. more successful in the East than in the West

A. more successful in the West than in the East.

In 1846, Congressman David Wilmot proposed to: A. prohibit slavery from all territory acquired from Mexico. B. allow voters to decide the status of slavery in new territories. C. divide the Oregon Country between Great Britain and the United States. D. annex Cuba in order to avoid southern secession. E. allow slavery to expand into California and New Mexico.

A. prohibit slavery from all territory acquired from Mexico.

Why did slavery become more central to American politics in the 1840s? A. The Methodist Church, the nation's largest denomination, called on all its members to free their slaves. B. Territorial expansion raised the question of whether new lands should be free or slave. C. Members of the abolitionist Republican Party, formed in 1844, insisted on debating slavery. D. President John Tyler's antislavery policies caused a major proslavery backlash led by John C. Calhoun. E. As the 1848 constitutional deadline for ending the African slave trade drew near, Americans became obsessed with slavery.

B. Territorial expansion raised the question of whether new lands should be free or slave.

The Fugitive Slave Act of 1850: A. won the grudging support of Ralph Waldo Emerson as a necessary compromise. B. gave new powers to federal officers to override local law enforcement. C. was declared unconstitutional in the Dred Scott D. angered southerners by weakening an earlier law on fugitive slaves. E. convinced Abraham Lincoln to retire briefly from political life.

B. gave new powers to federal officers to override local law enforcement.

Which of the following is an example of the political impact of the Kansas-Nebraska Act? A. A strong, united Whig Party won the White House in the next presidential election. B. Nearly half of northern Democrats joined the patriotic American Party. C. The Whig Party collapsed, and many disgruntled northerners joined the new Republican Party. D. Stephen Douglas and Abraham Lincoln decided to become running mates for the presidential election of 1856. E. The new Free Soil Party strongly endorsed the Act and won new congressional seats in several Upper South districts.

C. The Whig Party collapsed, and many disgruntled northerners joined the new Republican Party.

The California gold rush: A. actually had only a small impact on California's population because its rich farmlands already attracted thousands of new settlers each year. B. attracted almost equal numbers of men and women. C. resulted in laws that discriminated against "foreign miners." D. made considerable wealth for average miners because gold mining demanded no real investment of capital. E. hurt the development of San Francisco because gold discoveries shifted interest to areas outside of town.

C. resulted in laws that discriminated against "foreign miners."

Which of the following was NOT a reform movement in which women played a prominent role during the early to mid-nineteenth century? A. abolitionism B. mental health treatment C. the anti-Mexican-War movement D. redemption of prostitutes E. temperance

C. the anti-Mexican-War movement

The Union's manpower advantage over the Confederacy: A. a. was short-lived once the Confederacy began using slaves as soldiers. B. b. proved essential for the success of Grant's attrition strategy. C. c. was rather slight. D. d. although substantial, did not matter in determining the war's outcome. E. e. existed only because the Union had lower draft requirements than the Confederacy.

b. proved essential for the success of Grant's attrition strategy.

General Sherman marched from Atlanta to the sea in order to: A. a. link up with Grant's army. B. b. engage Lee in battle. C. c. demoralize the South's civilian population. D. d. secure Richmond for the Union. E. e. free Union prisoners at Andersonville.

c. demoralize the South's civilian population.

The reform communities established in the years before the Civil War: A. followed all of the laws but simply banned own- ership of private property. B. usually followed standard gender and marital relations. C. made no effort to combat the growing disparity between rich and poor. D. called themselves utopian because they knew that their efforts were likely to fail. E. set out to reorganize society on a cooperative basis.

E. set out to reorganize society on a cooperative basis.

The Thirteenth Amendment: A. a. abolished slavery throughout the United States. B. b. was strongly supported by Democrats in 1864. C. c. set up a gradual plan of emancipation. D. d. defined U.S. citizenship to include African-Americans. E. e. specifically gave black men the right to vote.

a. abolished slavery throughout the United States.

In July 1863, the Union won two key victories that are often identified as turning points in the war. These victories occurred at: A. Wilmington, North Carolina, and New Orleans, Louisiana. B. Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, and Vicksburg, Mississippi. C. Lexington, Kentucky, and Charleston, South Carolina. D. Antietam Creek, Maryland, and Appomattox Court House, Virginia. E. Fort Donelson, Tennessee, and Cold Harbor, Virginia.

B. Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, and Vicksburg, Mississippi.

"Fifty-four forty or fight" referred to demands for American control of: A. Texas. B. Oregon. C. California. D. Mexico. E. Kansas and Nebraska.

B. Oregon.

The Seneca Falls Convention's Declaration of Sentiments: A. did not demand voting rights for women because the participants were so divided on that issue. B. was modeled on the Bill of Rights in the U.S. Constitution. C. was written primarily by the Grimké sisters. D. condemned the entire structure of inequality between men and women. E. inspired Lucretia Mott and Elizabeth Cady Stanton to become abolitionists.

D. condemned the entire structure of inequality between men and women.

During the Civil War, black soldiers: A. did nothing to dispel racial prejudice with their performance. B. were mostly northern-born free blacks. C. performed the same duties as white soldiers from the outset, but at lower pay. D. helped inspire Republicans to believe that emancipation also demanded equal rights before the law. E. were allowed into the Union army only in the last year of the war.

D. helped inspire Republicans to believe that emancipation also demanded equal rights before the law.

Lincoln spoke of "a new birth of freedom" for the nation in his: A. first inaugural address. B. second inaugural address. C. preliminary Emancipation Proclamation. D. Sanitary Commission speech. E. Gettysburg Address.

E. Gettysburg Address.

Which of the following is NOT true of Abraham Lincoln's slavery policy during the first two years of the war? A. He initially insisted that slavery was irrelevant to the Civil War. B. He supported the colonization of freed slaves on an island near Haiti. C. He rescinded an emancipation order by a Union general in Missouri. D. He proposed gradual, compensated emancipation in the border states. E. He proposed a constitutional amendment to abolish slavery immediately.

E. He proposed a constitutional amendment to abolish slavery immediately.

What did reformers commonly believe about prisons and asylums? A. That the persons entering these institutions would likely never leave them. B. That they were not widely needed and not many were built. C. That they would be excellent holding centers for society's undesirables. D. That the persons in the facilities could be used as forced labor in factories. E. That they could rehabilitate individuals and then release them back into society.

E. That they could rehabilitate individuals and then release them back into society.

Horace Mann believed that public schools would do all of the following EXCEPT: A. "equalize the conditions of men." B. provide an avenue for social advancement. C. restore a fractured society. D. reinforce social stability. E. help eliminate racial discrimination.

E. help eliminate racial discrimination.

What attracted voters to the Know-Nothing Party? A. its desire to dissolve the Missouri Compromise B. its move to annex Cuba for the expansion of American slavery C. its call for immediate emancipation of all slaves D. its opposition to the Dred Scott decision E. its denunciation of Roman Catholic immigrants

E. its denunciation of Roman Catholic immigrants

The Republican free labor ideology: A. convinced northerners that Catholic immigrants posed a more significant threat than the southern slave power. B. won Republicans significant support from non- slaveholders in the South in 1856. C. owed its origins to Abraham Lincoln's reemergence in the wake of the Kansas-Nebraska Act. D. accepted southerners' point that slavery protected their liberty, but explained that the economic E. led to the argument by Abraham Lincoln and William Seward that free labor and slave labor were essentially incompatible.

E. led to the argument by Abraham Lincoln and William Seward that free labor and slave labor were essentially incompatible.

Which statement about Shakers is FALSE? A. They practiced "complex marriage" and publicly recorded sexual relations. B. Their numbers grew through conversions and the adoption of orphans. C. They bred cattle for profit and made furniture. D. They believed that men and women were spiritually equal. E. They abandoned private property and traditional family life.

A. They practiced "complex marriage" and publicly recorded sexual relations.

Stephen Douglas's motivation for introducing the Kansas-Nebraska Act was to: A. boost efforts to build a transcontinental railroad. B. spread slavery. C. win the position of speaker of the House of Representatives. D. pacify southerners who strongly supported the idea of popular sovereignty. E. help Franklin Pierce win a second term as president.

A. boost efforts to build a transcontinental railroad.

Abolitionists challenged stereotypes about African- Americans by: A. countering the pseudoscientific claim that they formed a separate species. B. presenting the compositions of Henry Highland Garnet to disprove the belief that African culture was inferior because it produced no classical music composers. C. pointing to Haiti, the scene of the famous slave revolts of the 1790s and 1800s, as a model of civilization. D. making January 1, the anniversary of the end of the international slave trade, a holiday throughout the North until the end of the Civil War. E. nominating Frederick Douglass for president in 1852 and winning him Vermont's electoral votes.

A. countering the pseudoscientific claim that they formed a separate species.

The Dred Scott decision of the U.S. Supreme Court: A. declared Congress could not ban slavery from territories. B. endorsed the "free soil" policy of the Republicans. C. backed the idea of "popular sovereignty." D. freed Dred and Harriet Scott. E. extended the Missouri Compromise line to California.

A. declared Congress could not ban slavery from territories.

Utopian communities were unlikely to attract much support because most Americans: A. saw property ownership as key to economic independence, but nearly all the utopian communities insisted members give up their property. B. feared the Communist Party that endorsed and, in some cases, sponsored these communities. C. were Protestants, but all utopian communities required members to deny religious beliefs. D. supported the industrial revolution, but most utopian communities turned away from industry in favor of an agrarian lifestyle. E. considered the utopian communities to be too materialistic and selfish.

A. saw property ownership as key to economic independence, but nearly all the utopian communities insisted members give up their property.

How did the abolitionist movement that arose in the 1830s differ from earlier antislavery efforts? A. Actually, the two movements were quite similar in every way; the later one was simply more well- known because more people were literate by the 1830s. B. The later movement drew much more on the religious conviction that slavery was an unparalleled sin and needed to be destroyed immediately. C. Earlier opponents of slavery had called for immediate emancipation, but the later group devised a plan for gradual emancipation that won broader support. D. The later movement banned participation by African-Americans, because they feared that their involvement would cause a backlash. E. The movement of the 1830s introduced the idea of colonizing freed slaves outside the United States, which proved immensely popular with southern whites.

B. The later movement drew much more on the religious conviction that slavery was an unparalleled sin and needed to be destroyed immediately.

Among the Confederacy's advantages during the Civil War was: A. that its rail network was more advanced than the Union's. B. its large size, which made it more difficult for the Union to conquer. C. that the Lower South had long had significant manufacturing facilities. D. its military-aged white male population was slightly higher than the Union's. E. that so many of its men volunteered to fight that it never resorted to a draft.

B. its large size, which made it more difficult for the Union to conquer.

The opponents of the Compromise of 1850: A. included key Whig leaders Henry Clay and Daniel Webster. B. received a boost from President Zachary Taylor. C. were surprised when John C. Calhoun spoke in favor of the Compromise. D. argued that California must become a free state, which the Compromise did not allow. E. were thrilled to have the support of influential Vice President Millard Fillmore.

B. received a boost from President Zachary Taylor

The 1860 Republican platform stated all of the following EXCEPT that: A. the Dred Scott decision was invalid. B. slavery should be abolished in the nation's capital. C. slavery should not be allowed to expand. D. the government should help build a transcontinental railroad. E. the government should grant free homesteads in the West.

B. slavery should be abolished in the nation's capital.

Economically, the Civil War led to: A. a decline in prosperity for North and South alike. B. the emergence of a nation-state committed to national economic development. C. a tariff reduction to attract foreign goods to make up for the decline in domestic production. D. the creation of the Third Bank of the United States, despite opposition from old Jacksonian Democrats. E. the building of a transcontinental railroad, completely through private financing.

B. the emergence of a nation-state committed to national economic development.

Which of the following was NOT a provision of the Compromise of 1850? A. California would enter the Union as a free state. B. The slave trade would be abolished in Washington, D.C. C. The Oregon Territory would be created. D. A tougher fugitive slave law would be enacted. E. Territories created from the Mexican Cession would vote on whether to allow slavery.

C. The Oregon Territory would be created.

Which of the following did NOT cause divisions within the Confederacy? A. the draft, which allowed southerners to be exempt if they owned a certain number of slaves B. food shortages, especially as the Union tightened its blockade C. the heavy taxes on planters, who resented paying the majority of the war's costs D. the decision of the Confederate Congress to issue paper money E. the impressment, or seizure, of farm produce to feed soldiers

C. the heavy taxes on planters, who resented paying the majority of the war's costs

At Antietam: A. General Lee was successful and pushed north into Pennsylvania. B. General McClellan surrendered his troops. C. the nation suffered more casualties than on any other day in its history. D. the Union's river fleet proved crucial to the outcome. E. Lincoln announced the Thirteenth Amendment.

C. the nation suffered more casualties than on any other day in its history.

Who questioned President Polk's right to declare war by introducing a resolution to Congress requesting that the president specify the precise spot where blood had first been shed? A. Daniel Webster B. John C. Calhoun C. Stephen Douglas D. Abraham Lincoln E. Charles Sumner

D. Abraham Lincoln

On matters related to citizenship, the U.S. Supreme Court declared in Dred Scott that: A. free African-Americans could vote. B. anyone that a state considered to be a citizen was a C. free-born blacks were U.S. citizens, but those born into slavery and later freed could not be citizens. D. citizenship was limited to males. E. only white persons could be U.S. citizens.

E. only white persons could be U.S. citizens.

Presidents Andrew Jackson and Martin Van Buren rejected adding Texas to the United States because: A. the Texas Republic's congress opposed joining the United States, preferring to stay independent. B. the Mexican army's resounding victory at the Alamo made them fearful of antagonizing a powerful government. C. the population of Texas was too small to justify it. D. Henry Clay wanted to add it and, as the Whig leader, he was their sworn enemy. E. the presence of slaves there would reignite the issue of slavery, and they preferred to avoid it.

E. the presence of slaves there would reignite the issue of slavery, and they preferred to avoid it.