Food and Nutrition Exam 2 Iclickers

Alpha-linolenic acid is: (select all that apply) a. Converted to DHA & EPA. b. An essential fatty acid. c. Converted to arachidonic d. An omega 3 fatty acid.

- Converted to DHA & EPA. -An essential fatty acid. -An omega 3 fatty acid.

Linoleic acid is: (select all that apply) Converted to arachidonic acid. An omega 6 fatty acid. An omega 3 fatty acid. An essential fatty acid.

- Converted to arachidonic acid. - An omega 6 fatty acid. - An essential fatty acid.

Which statement is true? (select all that apply) a. HDL transports cholesterol from dead cells back to the liver. b. After a meal, newly digested fat appears as LDL. c. Triglycerides synthesized by the liver are carried to other tissues by VLDL. d. LDL delivers cholesterol to body tissues/cells.

- HDL transports cholesterol from dead cells back to the liver. - Triglycerides synthesized by the liver are carried to other tissues by VLDL. - LDL delivers cholesterol to body tissues/cells.

Match each of the following terms with its description. - Lipoprotein that picks up cholesterol from dying cells and transfers directly to the liver - Contains primarily cholesterol - Lipoprotein made in the intestine after fat absorption - Lipoprotein that carries lipids newly synthesized by the liver

- Lipoprotein that picks up cholesterol from dying cells and transfers directly to the live: HDL - Contains primarily cholesterol: LDL - Lipoprotein made in the intestine after fat absorption: Chylomicron - Lipoprotein that carries lipids newly synthesized by the liver: VLDL

Triglycerides are composed of

glycerol and fatty acids

Lipids are a diverse group of chemical compounds. Which of the following properties do all type of lipids have in common? (select all that apply) a. Do not readily dissolve in water b. Liquid at room temperature c. Supply 4 to 9 kcalories of energy d. Semi-solid at room temperature

Do not readily dissolve in water

Which is the most consumed polyunsaturated fatty acid in the American diet?

linoleic acid

To be transported throughout the body, fats are packaged in structures called

lipoproteins

which of these sources of dietary fat contain the most trans fatty acids?

margarine (sticks)

Olive and canola oils contain a high percentage of _________fatty acids

monounsaturated

Plant sterols (select all that apply) a. increase the absorption of dietary fiber from the small intestine. b. decrease trans fat formation in fried foods. c. reduce cholesterol absorption in the small intestine and lower its return to the liver. d.decrease the ability of cholesterol to bind to artery walls.

reduce cholesterol absorption in the small intestine and lower its return to the liver.

Studies have shown that fatty fish and fish oil intake consistently lower cardiovascular disease risk by (select all that apply) a. increased serum LDL and increasing HDL. b. increasing serum HDL and increasing serum LDL and heart rate. c. reducing inflammation and blood clotting d. increasing serum LDL, triglycerides, and total cholesterol. e. increasing HDL and increasing serum total cholesterol and LDL.

reducing inflammation and blood clotting

Which list contains all major categories of dietary lipids?

triglyceride, phospholipid, fatty acids, sterol

The body stores excess (energy/kcals) from protein and CHO as (select all that apply) a. triglycerides b. glucose c. glycogen d. muscle

triglycerides

The body stores excess protein as

triglycerides

Nuts are considered "heart healthy" for all of the following reasons (select all that apply) a. they are a rich source of antioxidant vitamins. b. they are a rich source of phytochemicals. c. they are rich in monounsaturated fatty acids. d. they do not contain cholesterol.

- they are a rich source of antioxidant vitamins. - they are a rich source of phytochemicals. - they are rich in monounsaturated fatty acids. - they do not contain cholesterol.

Studies of the Greenlandic Inuit population have demonstrated a relationship between the consumption of fish and the risk for heart disease. What is the most likely mechanism for the reduction of heart disease risk when fish is consumed? (select all that apply) a. Fish supplies fatty acids that decrease blood clotting & inflammation. b. The carbohydrate in fish lowers blood cholesterol. c. Fish is low in cholesterol. d. The protein in fish lowers the blood cholesterol.

Fish supplies fatty acids that decrease blood clotting & inflammation.

Which oil provides the most alpha-linolenic acid?

Flaxseed oil

Which two fatty acids are structurally the same at room temperature? (select all that apply) a. Saturated and unsaturated b. Cis and trans c. Monounsaturated and polyunsaturated

Monounsaturated and polyunsaturated

Short chain and medium fatty acids are packaged into a __________ and enter the ___________ after they are absorbed from the small intestine.

Nothing; portal circulation

saturated fats:

are found only in foods of animal origin and tropical oils

Which two fatty acids are structurally the same at room temperature? (select all that apply) a. Trans fatty acids & Monounsaturated b. Saturated fatty acids & Trans fatty acids c. Saturated fatty acids & Linoleic fatty acids d. Monounsaturated & Polyunsaturated e. Trans fatty acids & Saturated fatty acids

- Saturated fatty acids & Trans fatty acids -Monounsaturated & Polyunsaturated -Trans fatty acids & Saturated fatty acids

Which are the essential fatty acids? (select all that apply) a. alpha-linolenic acid b. DHA c. arachidonic acid d. EPA e. linoleic acid

- alpha-linolenic acid - linoleic acid

Pair the type of fat with a correct example or description of that type of fat a. fatty acid b. sterol c. phospholipid d. triglyceride

- fatty acid: omega-6 & omega-3 - sterol: cholesterol - phospholipid: lecithin - triglyceride: 3 fatty acids & glycerol molecule

what fat is carried by very low density lipoprotein?

- hypopatic fat - fat made by the liver

In order for lipid digestion and absorption to take place, which of the following must be involved? (select all that apply) a. Lipases b. LDL c. Bile acids d. HDL e. protein

- lipases - bile acids

Which of the following lipoproteins carries cholesterol back to the liver for usage or proper disposal?

HDL

In terms of heart disease risk, which of the following is true? (select all that apply) a. Higher LDL = increased risk b. Lower LDL = increased risk c. Higher HDL = increased risk d. Lower HDL = decreased risk

Higher LDL = increased risk

Bill's soccer coach takes the team out for a celebratory meal following a victory. A teammate orders French fries, noting that they must be healthy because the restaurant menu says the fries are fried in "cholesterol-free" vegetable oil. Which statement about "cholesterol-free" vegetable oil is correct? (select all that apply) a. All vegetable oil is cholesterol-free. b. Only unsaturated fatty acid vegetable oil is cholesterol-free; saturated fatty acid vegetable oil does contain cholesterol. c. Vegetable oil can be fat-free but it is never cholesterol-free. d. Vegetable oil can never be cholesterol-free because all oils have cholesterol.

a. All vegetable oil is cholesterol-free.

Which of the following is TRUE about the fate of fatty acids after their absorption? (select all that apply) a. Fatty acids of less than 12 carbons enter the blood and then the liver via the portal vein. b. Short and medium chain fatty acids no not require bile acid. c. Fatty acids of less than 12 carbons enter the lymphatic system packaged in chylomicrons d. Fatty acids of 16 or more carbons enter the blood and then the liver via the portal vein

a. Fatty acids of less than 12 carbons enter the blood and then the liver via the portal vein. b. Short and medium chain fatty acids no not require bile acid.

During digestion, _____ lipids.

bile acids emulsify

which of these sources of dietary fat contain cholesterol?

butter

The main reason for hydrogenating fats is to

change a liquid fat to a solid fat.

Which lipoprotein transports dietary lipids from the small intestine?

chylomicron

Which lipoprotein(s) transports dietary lipids from the intestine?

chylomicron

Which lipid source contains the most medium chain fatty acids? (select all that apply) a. soybean oil b. coconut oil c. peanut oil d. olive oil e. butter

coconut oil

Which o these sourcesof dietary fat is most saturated?

coconut oil

Which oil provides the most saturated fatty acids?

coconut oil

Which oil provides the most linoleic acid?

corn oil

Which foods are best for reducing inflammation and atherosclerosis?

fatty fish and seafood

Which fatty acid would be the most unstable or least resistant to rancidity?

fish oil

Which of the following plant-based food sources has the highest omega-3 fatty acid content?

flaxseed oil

Which oil provides the most alpha-linolenic acid? a. olive oil b. flaxseed oil c. coconut oil d. corn oil e. fish oil

flaxseed oil

All of the following dietary changes reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease except: (select all that apply) a. increasing fatty fish and fish oil intake. b. lowering trans fats to less than 1% of total calories. c. increasing plant sterol d. replacing saturated fats with unsaturated fatty acids. e. increasing the omega-6 to omega-3 ratio.

increasing the omega-6 to omega-3 ratio.

which of these dietary fat sources contains the most monounsaturated fat?

olive oil

Which of the following is not a rich source of polyunsaturated fatty acids? (select all that apply) a. sunflower oil b. corn oil c. palm oil d. soybean oil

palm oil

Which food combination does NOT contain cholesterol?

peanut butter and jelly sandwich

The major dietary factor to be concerned about in relation to heart disease is

saturated fat