Fransden: Chap. 46 Physiology of the autonomic and central nervous system and indications of use for drug therapy

The nurse is caring for a client with asthma who has been experiencing shortness of breath and who has been administered a medication to cause bronchodilation. What aspect of autonomic nervous function has the nurse most likely influenced?

Stimulation of beta-adrenergic receptors

Nicotinic receptors would be found in which location?

Adrenal medulla

The anatomy and physiology instructor is discussing adrenergic receptors with the nursing class. What adrenergic receptor would the instructor tell the students is found in the heart and can stimulate increased myocardial activity and increase heart rate?

Beta 1

A client with asthma is prescribed albuterol to dilate the bronchioles. The nurse understands that this drug is likely acting on which receptors?

Beta-2

The physiology instructor explains to the nursing students that stimulation of what leads to vasodilation of blood vessels?

Beta2 stimulation

Stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system results in all of the following EXCEPT:

Decreased rate of cellular metabolism.

The nurse is caring for a client who is experiencing pain. The client describes the pain as "9" on a scale of 1 to 10, with 10 being the worst pain. What nursing interventions would be necessary for the nurse to implement? Select all that apply.

Evaluate pupils. Assess blood pressure. Count respirations.

A nurse is reviewing the structure and function of the nervous system in preparation for working on a neurological floor. What characteristic of neurons should the nurse identify?

Neurons convey action potentials to other neurons without being in physical contact.

The neurotransmission system of the human body is a communication network. What is this network composed of?

Neurotransmitters Synapses Receptors

A nurse is reading an article about the fight or flight response that includes a discussion of a neurotransmitter. Which neurotransmitter most likely would be addressed?

Norepinephrine

The body uses tyrosine in the diet to make what substance?

Norepinephrine

The nurse is conducting an assessment of a newly admitted client. What assessment finding should suggest to the nurse that the client's muscarinic cholinergic receptors are being stimulated?

The client has "pinpoint" pupils.

What statement best explains the central and peripheral nervous system?

The two main divisions that control the nervous system are the central and peripheral nervous system.

A client's muscle weakness has been found to result from a lack of neurotransmitter communication between nerves and muscles. What neurotransmitter is most likely deficient?

acetylcholine

The functions of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) can be broadly described as:

activities designed to maintain a constant internal environment, to respond to stress or emergencies, and to repair body tissues.

Activation of _________ receptors in smooth muscle cells is thought to open ion channels, allow calcium ions to move into the cell, and produce muscle contraction (e.g., vasoconstriction, gastrointestinal and bladder sphincter contraction)

alpha 1

A client's nerves have been stimulated and the signal has reached the axon. How will communication continue?

by the release of a neurotransmitter

The nurse is caring for a client who is known to have deficient levels of dopamine because of a dietary lack of tyrosine. The nurse should expect to assess for evidence of:

decreased adrenergic response.

The nurse is providing care for a client who has a health condition marked by excessive levels of acetylcholinesterase. The nurse should attribute assessment findings of this client to:

low levels of acetylcholine

A signal has reached the terminus of a client's nerve and is in the space where the nerve is closest to the effector cell in a muscle. At what location is this signal?

synapse

Norepinephrine is synthesized from the amino acid ___________ by a series of enzymatic conversions that also produce dopamine and epinephrine

tyrosine

A client has a neurologic disorder characterized by a deficiency of acetylcholine. In what location is acetylcholine normally synthesized?

within cholinergic nerves themselves