FSE-120 Mid Term Study Guide (FSE)

An acid would be numbers ____ to ____ on the pH scale.

0;6

Under what conditions must an autoclave work to sterilize?

15 psi at 121oC for 10 minutes

How much of the Earth's oxygen do autotrophic bacteria produce?

20%

A base would be numbers ____ to ____ on the pH scale.

8;14

Who discovered penicillin?

Alexander Fleming

The mosquito that causes malaria.

Anopheles mosquito

A natural substance found to inhibit the growth of bacterial cells (Antibiotics only kill bacteria, not viruses).

Antibiotic

Virus that infects bacteria.

Bacteriophage

"life".

Bio

The microbe of great concern that can cross the placenta.

Cytomegalovirus

Skin.

Integument

The study of microorganisms, or microbes, a diverse group of generally minute, simple life-forms that include bacteria, archaea, algae, fungi, protozoa, and viruses and their effect on other living organisms.

Microbiology

Any fungal infection; Superficial (the least) skin & hair; Cutaneous is deeper like ringworm and jock itch; Subcutaneous deep in skin & tissue.

Mycoses

The correct way to write the name of the bacterium that causes gonorrhea.

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

Something that causes disease.

Pathogen

Small, infectious proteins that do not contain DNA or RNA or cause an immune response in humans; resistant to most procedures that modify nucleic acids.

Prion

The four kingdoms.

Protista, Plantae, Animalia, Fungi

What genus of bacteria is commonly associated with secondary infections in burn patients?

Pseudomonas

The pus from ____________________ is blue.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

comes from poultry.

Salmonella food poisoning

Fungi that grows on decomposing matter.

Saprophyte

What kind of light controls microbial growth?

UV

The physical method of controlling microbes that damages the cell's DNA.

UV light

Organisms that spread infection (such as lice, fleas, ticks, or mites).

Vector

Similar to a virus but contain only RNA, do not have protein coat.

Viroid

The bacterium that causes bubonic plague.

Yersinia pestis

is a result of being sick once or getting a vaccination.

______________ immunity

A chemical method of controlling microbes that denatures proteins and dissolves lipids in the cell membrane.

alcohol

When bacteria have flagella on each end of the cell (amphi=both).

amphitrichous

When one bacterium inhibits the growth of another.

antagonism

Proteins that are Y-shaped and either neutralize or destroy antigens.

antibodies

An _________________ causes the body's immune system to respond.

antigen

Inhibiting microbial growth on living tissue.

antisepsis

An exogenous infection is caused by microbes that.

are not normally present in the body

Reducing a microbe's virulence by diluting or weakening it.

attenuation

Organisms that make their own food through photosynthesis.

autotrophs

A virus that infects bacteria.

bacteriophage

Bacteria reproduce by a process called (asexual).

binary fission

The most poisonous substance on Earth.

botulinum toxin

What is used to treat municipal drinking water and swimming pools?

chlorine

The three basic shapes of bacteria.

coccus, bacillus, spirilla

In a microbial association, when one bacterium benefits and the other is unaffected.

commensalism

What disease gave milkmaids immunity to smallpox?

cowpox

What chemical is used to produce Lysol?

cresols

Destroying pathogenic agents by disinfecting inanimate objects.

disinfection

The physical method of controlling microbes that denatures proteins.

dry heat

A thick-walled cell produced by bacteria to survive unfavorable conditions.

endospore

A toxin confined within the body of a bacterium and is released only when the bacterium is broken down.

endotoxin

Ebola is a ____________________ disease.

epidemic

Organisms that have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.

eukaryote

Bacteria that can adapt to different sources of nutrition.

facultative

Some bacteria use an enzyme that digests fibrin threads to better utilize blood as a nutrient.

fibrinolysin

Appendages on a bacterium that allows it to attach to surfaces.

fimbriae

An inanimate object to which infectious material adheres and can be transmitted.

fomite

The theory that microorganisms cause disease.

germ theory of disease

An unorganized coating on bacteria that is loosely attached to the cell wall.

glycocalyx

A disinfectant that oxidizes certain molecules within the microbial cell.

halogen & iodine

Organisms that cannot make their own food and require food from a carbon source.

heterotrophs

The enzyme that Staphylococcus aureus uses to penetrate the body's connective tissue.

hyaluronidase

A bacterium in a ___________ would shrivel.

hypertonic

A bacterium in a ______________ solution would swell and might burst.

hypotonic

The best method to treat hazardous waste.

incineration

Another word for skin.

integument

Proteins that respond to viruses, bind to receptors on uninfected cells, and cause the uninfected cells to produce antiviral enzymes.

interferons

A disinfectant that is a tincture.

iodine

A compound of iodine and surfactant.

iodophore

How does higher temperature affect the effectiveness of chemical agents?

it usually increases effectiveness

1. Protista (single-celled organisms) 2. Fungi (yeasts, molds, mildews, mushrooms) 3. Plantae (photosynthetic) 4. Animalia (animals).

kingdoms

An agent that kills mosquito larvae.

larvicide

Bacteria that prefer human body temperatures.

mesophiles

When both species of bacteria benefit in an association.

mutualism

The study of fungi.

mycology

Bacteria that MUST have oxygen.

obligate aerobes

Bacteria that must NOT be in the presence of oxygen.

obligate anaerobes

Bacteria that would be utilizing tissue of human remains as a nutrition source.

obligate saprophyte

How many chromosomes do bacteria have?

one

The three arrangements of bacteria.

pairs, chains, clusters

COVID-19 is a ____________________ disease.

pandemic

When bacteria have flagella over the entire cell (peri=around).

peritrichous

A chemical method of controlling microbes that has a sickeningly sweet and tarry odor.

phenol

Small circles of DNA separate from the main chromosome in bacteria.

plasmids

Organisms that do not have a nucleus.

prokaryote

Bacteria that might prefer the temperature of remains in a refrigeration unit.

psychrophiles

The natural habitat of a pathogen.

reservoir

A combustion chamber.

retort

Organisms that utilize decomposing matter as nutrients.

saprophytes

The proper term for 'blood poisoning'.

septicemia

The only disease that was eradicated and is no longer in the human population.

smallpox

An agent that kills endospores.

sporicide

The process bacteria use to produce the endospore.

sporulation

The prefix means cluster.

staphyl-

Completely removing or destroying all life-forms, endospores, or their products.

sterilization

What alters the surface tension of the cell membrane, causing the cell contents to leak out and kill the cell?

surfactants

The lowest temperature at which all microbes are killed in 10 minutes.

thermal death point

An infection where microbes enter blood or lymph vessels and spread to other parts of the body.

toxemia

An organism that spreads disease.

vector

An agent that kills viruses.

viricide

The ability of a microbe to survive and produce disease.

virulence

Genetic material in a protein coat.

virus

Diseases that are communicable from animal or animal products.

zoonoses