GEO 100 climate change/ earth
__________________- long term atmosphere conditions in a region -atmosphere, hydrosphere, geosphere, biosphere, and cryosphere
Climate
Climate is the short-term, day to day variations in the condition of the atmosphere such as temperature, precipitation, and wind
FALSE
There is a significant positive correlation between sunspot activity and recent changes in mean global temperature
FALSE
Volcanic eruptions have no impact on global climate patterns; they only affect local climate
FALSE
__________________ occurs when a neutron strikes a radioactive atom
Fission
__________________- splitting of certain radioactive atoms apart to create energy -nuclear power plants use fission of uranium to generate electricity
Nuclear fission
__________________ releases metals from ore minerals
Smelting
Alloys are useful because they __________________
are strong than either of their constituent metals alone
Carbon dioxide (CO2) has the greatest relative contribution to increasing the greenhouse effect compared to other anthropogenically produced greenhouse gases
TRUE
Earth has a natural greenhouse effect, principally due to water vapor.
TRUE
Elevated levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, with subsequent absorption by the oceans, have caused an increase in ocean pH
TRUE
If all greenhouse gas emissions by humans ere reduced to zero, Earth is still projected to keep warming for the foreseeable future.
TRUE
The Earth's climate system involves the exchange involves the exchange of heat and water among the atmosphere, hydrosphere, geosphere, biosphere, and cryosphere
TRUE
What would happen to Earth's atmospheric temperature if the amount of incoming shortwave radiation from the Sun decreased and was less than the long wave radiation lost to space?
atmospheric temperature would decrease
Which of the following is an alloy?
bronze
Which set of statements is CORRECT?
The greenhouse effect is a natural phenomenon. Human activity has increased the amount of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere over the past 250 years
Reports on climate change, including the fourth IPCC Report of 2007 concluded that __________________
climate change models can mimic present-day conditions only if human emissions are taken into account
__________________- black, brittle, carbon-rich, low-silica sedimentary rock produced from burial and heating of terrestrial vegetation
coal
Which of the following lists contains only fossil fuels?
coal, oil, natural gas
In 1900, the most commonly used source of energy in the United States was __________________; today it is __________________
coal; oil
Blending metals creates __________________- these blends are superior to either metal alone
alloys
Oil taken directly from the ground, without artificial chemical alteration, is termed __________________
crude oil
The minimum area of Arctic sea ice cover has been __________________ as air and water temperatures have been __________________ over the past several decades
decreasing; increasing
The blocks of rock used in construction are termed __________________
dimension stone
Natural causes of climate change: -variations in Earth's orbit -Milankovitch Theories drive long-term change *__________________ *__________________ *__________________
eccentricity; obliquity; precession
Nuclear power __________________
emits no greenhouse gases
Earth's climate system- exchange of __________________ and __________________ between these spheres
energy; moisture
Neutrons strike nuclei of fuel molecules to cause __________________
fission
Most energy for human consumption in the industrial world comes from __________________
fossil fuels
Of the following, which are useful as proxy data for understanding past climate changes?
fossil pollen, annual layers of snow packed in glacial ice, sea floor sediments, tree-growth rings
Matter that stores energy in a usable and transportable form is termed __________________
fuel
__________________ is a nonmetal mineral formed by evaporation
gypsum
Natural causes for global climate change include all of the following except __________________
increase in elevation
__________________ between solar activity and average Earth temperature
lack of correlation
Energy from fossil fuels- oils, natural gas, and coal are derived from __________________ -created by photosynthesis; this is solar energy from the past- "fossilized sunshine"
living organisms
Nuclear power can be used to __________________
make electricity
Which of the following is a consequence of global warming?
melting of glacial ice, droughts in prime agricultural areas, shifts in the world-wide distribution of plant and animal communities, increasing hurricane intensity
As sea ice melts and becomes liquid water, __________________ heat is then absorbed from the Sun, creating warmer surface waters.
more
____________________________________- climate change would be very gradual over millions of years
movement of Earth's tectonic plates
__________________- short-chain hydrocarbons methane, ethane, propane, butane, and others -more abundant than oil and is a cleaner fuel
natural gas
__________________- energy from breaking apart atoms
nuclear power
A known supply of oil is called an __________________
oil reserve
__________________- a source rock that hasn't reached the proper temperature window to create oil
oil shale
Smelting is a technique applied to __________________
ore minerals
We use minerals that contain metals= __________________
ore minerals
Oil and gas are complex ____________________________________
organic molecules (hydrocarbons)
__________________- study o past climates, using proxy data
paleoclimatology
Oil and gas are derived from __________________ and __________________
plankton; marine algae
Oil drilling provides not only gasoline and electrical power but also material incorporated into __________________
plastics
__________________- indirect evidence using natural recorders of climate variability -sea floor sediments, coral deposits, *glacial ice rings*, tree rings, pollen
proxy data
Hydraulic fracturing ("fracking")- ____________________________________- creates new fractures, opens preexisting fractures -increases recovery of oil
pumps high-pressure water and chemicals into drill hole
Studies indicate that acidification of the ocean by the absorption of carbon dioxide is harmful to virtually all marine life and ecosystems. The group most vulnerable to both warming and acidification would be the __________________
reef corals and other calcareous organisms
Renewable- __________________ -solar, wind, hydroelectric, geothermal Nonrenewable- __________________ -oil, natural gas, coal, uranium, ores
replaced quickly; replacement requires hundreds to millions of years
Coal is formed when heat and pressure alter deposits of ancient __________________
terrestrial plants
Global warming is __________________
the warming of Earth's atmosphere primarily caused by the production of greenhouse gases due to natural activity
Most reactors use fuel rods of __________________ oxide pellets
uranium
__________________- ejecta can block sunlight (cooling) and increase CO2
volcanic eruptions
Which three gases are most important on Earth for inhibiting the release of longwave radiation back into space?
water vapor, carbon dioxide, methane
Which of the following is a renewable source?
wind