GEOG102: Chapter 1, 2, 8 Study Guide Questions

An assemblage of local plants, animals, and insects covering a large area such as a tropical rainforest or a grassland is called a A) bioregion. B) bionicle. C) biosphere. D) biogeography. E) biore.

A) bioregion.

Most of the world's power is generated by A) coal. B) oil. C) natural gas. D) nuclear. E) hydropower.

A) coal. B) oil.

Proven reserves of oil are determined by A) deposits that are possible to mine and be distributed under current economic and technological conditions B) identified areas of possible fossil fuels. C) an estimate of oil deposits not yet discovered. D) the total of all oil deposits that have been mined. E) the estimated remaining deposits of the resources

A) deposits that are possible to mine and be distributed under current economic and technological conditions

Which of the following is NOT likely to be reflected in the "Under age 5 mortality indicator"? A) heart disease B) food availability C) basic health services D) public sanitation E) infant deaths

A) heart disease

Anthropogenic pollution is caused by A) people. B) animals. C) climate. D) rocks. E) anthropologists.

A) people.

Which of the following is a fossil fuel? A) petroleum B) wood C) hydrogen/fuel cell D) ethanol E) nuclear energy

A) petroleum

At Kyoto in 1997, what did the 30 Western industrialized countries legally agree to do? A) reduce emissions of greenhouse gases to 1990 levels B) voluntarily limit greenhouse gas emissions C) finance further studies to determine the cause of climate change D) censure China for exceeding its carbon limits E) reduce emissions of greenhouse gases by half

A) reduce emissions of greenhouse gases to 1990 levels

Based on your readings about the Demographic Transition, which of the following nations would likely be in Stage 4 of the model? A) India B) United States C) Bangladesh D) Mexico E) Pakistan

B) United States

Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding the relationship between Gross National Income (GNI) and purchasing power parity (PPP)? A) the higher the GNI, the higher the PPP B) a high GNI may not translate into strong PPP due to the enormous cost difference between goods in two different nations C) GNI is inversely proportional to the PPP D) a nation with a low GNI will almost always have an even weaker PPP E) GNI will always be higher in developed nations, but PPP will always be stronger in developing nations

B) a high GNI may not translate into strong PPP due to the enormous cost difference between goods in two different nations

Which atmospheric gas is closely linked to the greenhouse effect? A) chlorofluorocarbons B) carbon dioxide C) methane D) nitrous oxide E) ozone

B) carbon dioxide

The close link between geography and politics is called A) political science B) geopolitics C) comparative politics D) international relations E) geomorphology

B) geopolitics

Which statement best describes the middle position with respect to globalization? A) globalization can be stopped by protective trade tariffs to protect national industries B) globalization is inevitable but can be managed to reduce inequities C) globalization seeks to ensure an absolute equality among all global nations D) globalization needs for powerful international institutions such as the World Bank to be eliminated so as to level the playing field E) management of globalization is impossible and should therefore proceed unchecked

B) globalization is inevitable but can be managed to reduce inequities

The trapping of solar radiation in Earth's lower atmosphere A) is entirely anthropogenic. B) is called the greenhouse effect. C) has no benefits. D) began with humans' use of fossil fuels. E) began with humans' use of fossil fuels and has no benefits.

B) is called the greenhouse effect.

The tropical location of Africa sitting astride the Equator makes it a prime location for the expansion of which renewable energy industry? A) coal B) solar C) hydropower D) wind E) nuclear

B) solar

A common tool for analyzing place is the concept of A) the geographic region B) the cultural landscape C) spatial regionalism D) areal differentiation E) systematic differentiation

B) the cultural landscape

What is colonialism? A) the temporary occupation of another country B) the formal establishment of rule over a foreign population C) the establishment of trade relations with another country D) the introduction of popular consumer culture in a traditional society E) All of the other answers are definitions of colonialism.

B) the formal establishment of rule over a foreign population

Which of the following groups is most likely to disrupt local ecosystems as they search for natural resources and manufacturing sites? A) governments B) transnational firms C) indigenous ethnic groups D) international organizations such as the United Nations E) non-governmental organizations, such as Greenpeace

B) transnational firms

Approximately how many of the earth's people are Muslim? A) 500 million B) 1.3 billion C) 1.8 billion D) 2.4 billion E) 2.8 billion

C) 1.8 billion

The United States currently consumes roughly what percent of the world's oil? A) 5% B) 10% C) 20% D) 25% E) 50%

C) 20% (Idk if its Correct)

The world population is estimated to grow to what size by 2050? A) 700 million B) 7.4 billion C) 9.8 billion D) 200 billion E) over 2 trillion

C) 9.8 billion

Which two nations are both among the top five consumers of oil, coal and natural gas? A) Russia and China B) Russia and the United States C) China and the United States D) India and the United States

C) China and the United States

Which of the following is NOT a member of the Indo-European language family? A) English B) Spanish C) Chinese D) Hindi E) Bengali

C) Chinese

According to the core-periphery model, where are the richest nations in the world mostly located? A) Southern Hemisphere B) Western Hemisphere C) Northern Hemisphere D) Eastern Hemisphere E) on the equator

C) Northern Hemisphere

In which two stages of the Demographic Transition is the rate of natural increase (RNI) high? A) Stage 1 and Stage 3 B) Stage 1 and Stage 4 C) Stage 2 and Stage 3 D) Stage 2 and Stage 4 E) Stage 3 and Stage 4

C) Stage 2 and Stage 3

Which nation below has the highest Human Development Index (HDI)? A) India B) China C) United States D) Russia E) Mexico

C) United States

What is a nation-state? A) a large cultural group with many different sociocultural traits and its own fully independent political territory B) a large cultural group that possesses a homeland within a larger country C) a large group of people with shared socio cultural traits and a political identity with clear territorial boundaries D) a cultural group with shared socio cultural traits that poses a homeland within a larger country E) a country that has two or more states, for example, the U.S.

C) a large group of people with shared socio cultural traits and a political identity with clear territorial boundaries

Ayak and Leni are both citizens of Peru. Ayak speaks Quechua and Leni speaks Aymara, both languages native to Peru but mutually unintelligible. If Ayak meets Leni they will speak in Spanish, which came with the colonial conquest. Spanish is an example of A) a dialect B) cultural syncretism C) a lingua franca D) a hybrid language E) an universal language

C) a lingua franca

Hydraulic fracturing (fracking) is A) a new technique of producing power using water. B) the use of cold fusion to produce nuclear power. C) a technique which forces oil and gas out of shale rock. D) an experimental technique for extracting oil from the ocean floor. E) a long-established technique of drilling for water that dates back centuries

C) a technique which forces oil and gas out of shale rock.

Culture is an important aspect of the human experience. Define the term and then discuss and analyze the four categories of culture presented in the text, along with an examination of the phenomenon of cultural imperialism.

Culture: learned and shared behavior among a group of people with a distinct way of life. Cultural imperialism: active promotion of one cultural system at the expense of another. Cultural nationalism: process of defending a cultural system and promoting local or national cultural values. Cultural syncretism or hybridization is the blending of different cultures.

The UN definition of extreme poverty means one is living on less than how much per day? A) $3.10 B) $1.00 C) $20.00 D) $1.90 E) $0.35

D) $1.90

What percentage of Earth's freshwater is locked up in polar ice caps? A) 3% B) 20% C) 30% D) 70% E) 97%

D) 70%

What percentage of the African population will likely experience water stress by 2025? A) 10% B) 25% C) 50% D) 75% E) 95%

D) 75%

What is a lingua franca? Give two examples of where one finds a lingua franca in use.

A lingua franca is a commonly agreed upon language, sometimes referred to as a "bridge language" which people speak in a nation where there are multiple languages spoken. Two examples of a lingua franca would be English in India and French in West Africa. 88) GNI ignores nonmarket economic indicators, such as bartering or household work; it does not consider economic degradation or depletion of natural resources.

What percentage of Earth's freshwater is accessible in surface rivers and lakes? A) 1% B) 10% C) 30% D) 70% E) 97%

A) 1%

What percent of the world's power is generated from renewable sources? A) 10% B) 5% C) 7% D) 3% E) 20%

A) 10%

What percentage of Earth's water is freshwater? A) 3% B) 20% C) 40% D) 75% E) 97%

A) 3%

The former French colonial empire was largely located on which continent? A) Africa B) Asia C) Australia D) North America E) South America

A) Africa

Which of the following pair of religions are most closely related to Judaism? A) Christianity and Islam B) Hinduism and Sikhism C) Shinto and Buddhism D) Animism and Zoroastrianism E) Taoism and Confucianism

A) Christianity and Islam

If the greenhouse effect did not exist, what would happen to earth? A) Earth would be too cold to support life as we know it. B) Earth would be much too hot to support life as we know it. C) Earth would be too wet to support life as we know it. D) Our environment would be greatly improved. E) It would make no difference.

A) Earth would be too cold to support life as we know it.

What is a problem with power generated by wind or sun? A) It can create power surges that endanger the power grid. B) It requires constant sun or wind. C) Energy cannot be transferred from sunny or windy areas to other areas. D) It results in extensive disruption of local power sources. E) governments rarely give tax subsidies to renewable energy industries

A) It can create power surges that endanger the power grid.

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of culture? A) It is individual. B) It is learned. C) It is shared. D) It has abstract dimensions. E) It has material dimensions.

A) It is individual.

How does Europe compare in size (area) to the United States? A) It is roughly two-thirds of the United States. B) It is about the size of the state of Texas. C) It is the same size as the United States. D) It is equal in size to the continental United States plus Alaska and Hawaii. E) It is the largest continent on the planet, far larger than the United States.

A) It is roughly two-thirds of the United States.

Boko Haram is most often associated with which nation? A) Nigeria B) Iraq C) South Africa D) Pakistan E) Kurdistan

A) Nigeria

What European mountain range forms the political border between Spain and France? A) Pyrenees B) Alps C) Carpathians D) Dinaric Alps E) Apennines

A) Pyrenees

Which of the following countries does (or do) NOT fit the north-south division of the core-periphery model? A) Russia B) Singapore C) France D) United States E) Germany

A) Russia B) Singapore

In which stage(s) of the Demographic Transition are birthrates and death rates both high? A) Stage 1 B) Stages 2 and 4 C) Stages 2 and 3 D) Stages 3 and 4 E) Stages 1 and 4

A) Stage 1

What nation would be classified as part of the "core" using the core-periphery model? A) United States B) South Africa C) Vietnam D) Nigeria E) Philippines

A) United States

The nation with the greatest percentage of global proven oil reserves is A) Venezuela B) Saudi Arabia C) Canada D) Iran E) Iraq

A) Venezuela

What is a universalizing religion? A) a religion that attempts to appeal to all peoples regardless of location or culture B) a metaphysical religion that seeks inner peace through contact with extraterrestrial beings C) a religion that seeks to identify the common elements of all religions of the world in order to bring worldwide religious unity D) a global movement to promote interfaith cooperation, similar to the United Nations E) All of the other answers are definitions of a universalizing religion.

A) a religion that attempts to appeal to all peoples regardless of location or culture

By 2025, demographers predict that what percentage of the world will be urbanized? A) about 60% B) approximately 30% C) about 53% D) a little less than 70% E) almost 90%

A) about 60%

What does a total fertility rate of 2.1 indicate? A) that a population is at its replacement rate B) that a population is growing slowly C) that a population is growing quickly D) that a population has reached its peak E) A TFR that is less than 2.1 has no particular significance.

A) that a population is at its replacement rate

The term "Third World" was originally a product of which of the following? A) the Cold War B) World War II C) the Kyoto Protocol D) a United Nations ruling E) asymmetrical warfare associated with terrorism

A) the Cold War

What is cultural syncretism? A) the blending of cultural forces to form a new, synergistic for of culture B) the adoption of popular culture by a local ethnic group C) the replacement of local cultural traditions with popular culture D) the rejection of popular culture by a local ethnic group E) the elimination of local cultures caused by the spread of popular culture

A) the blending of cultural forces to form a new, synergistic for of culture

How do the authors of your text (Diversity Amid Globalization) define globalization? A) the growing interconnectedness of people and places through converging processes of economic, political, and cultural change B) the spread of McDonald's throughout the world C) the trend toward international trade agreements among the countries of the world D) the pattern of increasing telephone and Internet connections around the world E) the growth of international and supranational organizations uniting the world's people

A) the growing interconnectedness of people and places through converging processes of economic, political, and cultural change

What is one of the best indicators of the momentum for continued population growth? A) the youthfulness of a population B) the death rate of a population C) the average life expectancy of a population D) the death rate and the average life expectancy

A) the youthfulness of a population

The UN reports that how many children die each day from unsafe water and lack of basic sanitation? A) 400 B) 4000 C) 100 D) 40000 E) 10000

B) 4000

The nations with the greatest percent of foreign direct investment (FDI) tend to be located in which world region? (Insert Graph) A) North America B) Africa C) Europe D) South America E) East Asia

B) Africa

Based on your readings about population pyramids AND the Demographic Transition Model, which of the following nations is likely represented by this population pyramid? (Insert Graph Here) A) Bangladesh B) Germany C) Pakistan D) China E)Nigeria

B) Germany

What major industrial power currently generates 20% of its total energy budget from renewable resources? A) Great Britain B) Germany C) Denmark D) China E) United States

B) Germany

The Apennines are found primarily in which nation? A) Switzerland B) Italy C) Spain D) Hungary E) Greece

B) Italy

In which European country would you find fjords? A) Greece B) Norway C) Netherlands D) Italy E) Hungary

B) Norway

Which of the following has NOT been a result of the introduction of the Wello WaterWheel in rural India? A) a decrease in the school dropout rate among young girls B) a reduction in the number of hours a week spent carrying water C) an increase in female literacy D) a reduction in neck and back problems among women E) an increase in the amount of water available for agriculture

C) an increase in female literacy

The rich diversity of plants and animals on Earth is known as A) bioregion. B) bionicle. C) biodiversity D) biogeography. E) biore.

C) biodiversity

The majority of China's renewable energy comes from A) coal B) solar C) hydropower D) wind E) nuclear

C) hydropower

Mali is a former French colony in West Africa. It has been independent since 1960 but remains heavily dependent upon France for financial assistance, and often has to yield to French geopolitical decisions to get aid from France. Mali suffers from a textbook case of A) revolution B) geopolitics C) neocolonialism D) decolonial E) insurgency

C) neocolonialism

The following population pyramid is indicative of (Insert Graph here A) slow growth B) zero growth C) rapid growth D) negative growth E) a country with very few children

C) rapid growth

What is the primary reason that global energy demand is forecast to increase 40% by 2030? A) the United States consumption of energy is predicted to increase dramatically B) due to immigration, Europe's consumption of energy will rise C) the further industrialization of developing economies D) Japan's increased energy usage E) the movement away from fossil fuels to renewable energy sources will lead to more demand

C) the further industrialization of developing economies

What country generates almost all (95%) of its power from renewable sources? A) Great Britain B) Germany C) Denmark D) Iceland E) Sweden

D) Iceland

Which of the following pairs are ethnic religions? A) Judaism and Christianity B) Hinduism and Islam C) Mormonism and Islam D) Judaism and Hinduism E) Christianity and Islam

D) Judaism and Hinduism

Which of the following groups of people is a nation without a state? A) Turks B) Kazakhs C) Azeris D) Kurds E) Estonians

D) Kurds

Which nation below has the greatest percentage of its population living below the UN defined global poverty line? A) India B) China C) Pakistan D) Nigeria E) Mexico

D) Nigeria

Which nation has the highest RNI? A) China B) India C) Pakistan D) Nigeria E) Russia

D) Nigeria

Which global region has the highest overall water stress? A) North America B) Europe C) Australia D) North Africa E) Southeast Asia

D) North Africa

Which of the following regions has the highest population density? A) North America B) Australia C) Africa D) South Asia E) Russia And also East Asia

D) South Asia

Fossil fuels A) are evenly distributed around the world B) comprise roughly 50% of current global energy needs C) are a renewable energy source D) are linked to environmental damage, most notably the emission of greenhouse gases E) include wind, solar and natural gas

D) are linked to environmental damage, most notably the emission of greenhouse gases

What is the process of a colony's gaining (or regaining) control over its territory and establishing a separate, independent government? A) revolution B) imperialism C) colonization D) decolonization E) autonomy

D) decolonization

All of the following are arguments against globalization, EXCEPT A) globalization is not a "natural" process. B) globalization is a policy promoted by free-trade advocates, capitalist countries, and multinational firms, all of which benefit from the process. C) policies of globalization increase the differences between rich and poor in the world. D) globalization will lead to the use of nuclear weapons. E) globalization is dangerously unstable.

D) globalization will lead to the use of nuclear weapons.

If a country is experiencing a negative net migration rate, then A) more people are moving to the country than leaving it. B) the number of people leaving the country is equal to the number moving there. C) more people are dying in the country than are being born. D) more people are leaving the country than moving to it. E) a negative net migration rate does not tell us anything.

D) more people are leaving the country than moving to it.

What was the population of the Earth (as of the book's publication)? A) over 7 million B) 670 million C) nearly 2 billion D) over 7.4 billion E) nearly 2 trillion

D) over 7.4 billion

What water policy, advocated by the World Bank and International Monetary Fund, has made it more difficult for some people to gain access to water? A) government regulation B) the Kyoto Protocol C) irrigation D) privatization E) U.N Convention on the Law of the Sea

D) privatization

The following population pyramid is indicative of (Insert Graph here) A) rapid growth B) a nation with large numbers of young children C) a nation in Stage 2 of the Demographic Transition Model D) slow growth E) a nation in Stage 1 of the Demographic Transition Model

D) slow growth

What is the major underlying assumption of the core-periphery model? A) that the wealth of the developed core will eventually diffuse to the less developed periphery B) that the different levels of development between the core and the periphery are caused by the relative levels of natural resources in each area C) that the less developed periphery will eventually revolt against the wealthier core D) that the developed core achieved its wealth primarily by taking advantage of the southern periphery, through either colonialism or imperialism E) that the core and periphery will work together to eliminate uneven development

D) that the developed core achieved its wealth primarily by taking advantage of the southern periphery, through either colonialism or imperialism

The focus on a specific topic or theme as opposed to analyzing a place or region is known as A) physical geography B) human geography C) aerial geography D) thematic (or systematic) geography E) regional geography

D) thematic (or systematic) geography

What is the term for the measure of the fertility of a statistically fictitious yet average group of women moving through their childbearing years? A) rate of natural increase (RNI) B) crude birthrate (CBR) C) infant mortality rate D) total fertility rate (TFR) E) life expectancy

D) total fertility rate (TFR)

The focus of terrorism prior to September 11, 2001 A) was overwhelmingly due to a response to religious persecution B) was random in its selection of targets C) exclusively targeted poor, developing nations D) was directed at local targets by committed insurgents with local goals E) was largely the domain of Islamic rebels

D) was directed at local targets by committed insurgents with local goals

In which century did the majority of the nations of Africa and Asia gained independence from their European colonial masters? A) 16th century B) 17th century C) 18th century D) 19th century E) 20th century

E) 20th century

Computer models predict that average global temperatures will increase ________ by 2020. A) 1°F. B) 4°F. C) 10°F. D) -2°F. E) 3.6°F.

E) 3.6°F.

Which of the following pairs are universalizing religions? A) Buddhism and Hinduism B) Judaism and Buddhism C) Christianity and Hinduism D) Islam and Hinduism E) Christianity and Islam

E) Christianity and Islam

Based on your readings about population pyramids AND the Demographic Transition Model, which of the following nations is likely represented by this population pyramid? (Insert Graph here) A) United States B) Japan C) Russia D) China E) Nigeria

E) Nigeria

Which of the following is NOT shown in a population pyramid? A) a general, graphic indication of the growth rate B) males in the population C) females in the population D) age distribution of the population E) birth and death rates

E) birth and death rates

The active promotion of one cultural system at the expense of another is called A) cultural nationalism. B) cultural assimilation. C) cultural syncretization. D) cultural imperialism. E) cultural hybridization.

E) cultural hybridization.

The process of defending a cultural system against offensive cultural expressions from elsewhere, while promoting local cultural values is called A) cultural imperialism. B) cultural assimilation. C) cultural syncretization. D) cultural hybridization. E) cultural nationalism.

E) cultural nationalism.

What do most scholars agree is the most significant component of globalization? A) climate change B) political transition around the planet C) international terrorism D) cultural hybridization E) economic reorganization of the world

E) economic reorganization of the world

All of the following are arguments in favor of globalization, EXCEPT A) globalization is a logical expression of international capitalism that will benefit all peoples and all nations. B) globalization encourages the spread of beneficial new technologies and ideas. C) the removal of trade barriers will cause inefficient local industries to become more efficient, and more able to compete internationally. D) each country and region of the world will profit by concentrating on the activities for which they are best suited in the global economy. E) globalization will lead to world peace.

E) globalization will lead to world peace.

Stage 2 of the Demographic Transition Model will be characterized by A) high birth rate, low death rate, low RNI B) low birth rate, low death rate, low RNI C) high birth rate, high death rate, low RNI D) low birth rate, high death rate, negative RNI E) high birth rate, low death rate, high RNI

E) high birth rate, low death rate, high RNI

An agreed-upon common language to facilitate communication on specific topics such as business is called a(n) A) dialect. B) official language. C) language group. D) language family. E) lingua franca.

E) lingua franca.

Which of the following organizations is NOT linked to globalization? A) the IMF B) the World Trade Organization C) the World Bank D) the UN E) the Red Cross

E) the Red Cross

28) In which of the following cases will the total fertility rate (TFR) be highest? A) when women marry early and have one or two children B) when women marry in their late 30s, and then have children C) when women marry in their late 20s, then have several children D) when women marry early, have children, then die in their late 20s E) when women marry early and have many children over a long span of years

E) when women marry early and have many children over a long span of years

Which of the following pairs are a renewable energy source? A) coal and wind B) wind and natural gas C) solar and natural gas D) hydrologic and oil E) wind and solar

E) wind and solar

Why does a nation like Saudi Arabia have a high overall HDI but scores poorly on gender equality issues?

There is a general correlation between HDI and gender equality. Sometimes, however, a country may have a reasonably high HDI, which is a positive, but may also have a relatively high gender inequity score (such as the case in Saudi Arabia). This may occur when a country is wealthy, perhaps due to a particular resource, and is able to convey many social benefits to its citizens, but at the same time a conservative culture may produce a high gender inequality rating.