Geol 100 final pt. 14

Wave crests ________. a. refract (bend) so as to impact the shore in a nearly parallel manner b. refract so as to impact the shore nearly perpendicular to the shoreline c. reflect directly backward from the angle at which they approached the shoreline d. are reflected off the shoreline, but never refract

a. refract (bend) so as to impact the shore in a nearly parallel manner

A coastline is more likely to consist of a tidal flat than a beach if ___________. a. the shore is protected from strong waves b. the shore is exposed to strong waves c. the shore is in a warm climate d. the shoreline runs east-west rather than north-south

a. the shore is protected from strong waves

Rogue waves arise from constructive interference of multiple convergent waves; these waves occasionally can be more than 100 feet high. a. true b. false

a. true

As waves approach shore in shallow water their speed ___________. a. increases b. decreases

b. decreases

Rip currents flow ________. a. directly toward the shoreline b. directly away from the shoreline c. parallel to the shoreline

b. directly away from the shoreline

Every shoreline experiences a tidal reach (difference in elevation between high and low tide) of about 3 m. a. true b. false

b. false

Because of wave refraction, erosion along an irregular coastline is _______. a. even along the length of the coast b. greatest in headlands (points of land projected out toward the sea) c. greatest in bays

b. greatest in headlands (points of land projected out toward the sea)

Tidal reach is affected by _________. a. the slope of the coastline b. the position of the Sun c. Both A and B are correct d. None of the above is correct

b. the position of the Sun

What percentage of Earth's surface is covered with water? a. 30% b. 50% c. 70% d. 85%

c. 70%

Which trench includes the world's deepest sea floor (more than 11 km below sea level)? a. Peru-Chile Trench b. Puerto Rican Trench c. Mariana Trench d. Kamchatka Trench

c. Mariana Trench

When the sea level rises, the ocean may invade a river valley, producing a nearshore body of water of mixed and variable salinity termed a(n) _______. a. atoll b. lagoon c. estuary d. jetty

c. estuary

The strongest winds within a hurricane are found in the ___________. a. outermost rain bands b. eye c. eye wall d. relatively dry areas between bands

c. eye wall

Flooded valleys that were excavated by glaciers are termed ___________. a. deltas b. tombolos c. fjords d. fords

c. fjords

Tidal reach will be greatest locally during a ___________. a. full or last quarter moon b. full or first quarter moon c. full or new moon d. first quarter or last quarter moon

c. full or new moon

Sand groins _______. a. have solved the problem of beach drift b. increase erosion rates in the region upcurrent from the groin c. increase erosion in the region downcurrent from the groin d. increase depositional rates in the region downcurrent from the groin

c. increase erosion rates in the region downcurrent from the groin

Longshore currents flow ________. a. directly toward the shoreline b. directly away from the shoreline c. parallel to the shoreline

c. parallel to the shoreline

Estuaries most commonly have salinity that is ___________. a. identical to normal marine salinity b. identical to fresh water c. hypersaline (greater than normal marine salinity) d. brackish (between freshwater and marine salinity)

d. brackish (between freshwater and marine salinity)

Wave refraction causes longshore currents to travel ___________. a. directly onshore b. from embayments toward headlands c. directly offshore d. from headlands toward embayments

d. from headlands toward embayments

At the equatorial ocean basins, sea surface temperatures may reach 30deg.C or greater; at the sea floor 5 km below, the temperature is ___________. a. slightly warmer (33deg.C) b. about room temperature (25deg.C) c. cool (10deg.15deg.C) d. near freezing (2deg.4deg.C)

d. near freezing (2deg.4deg.C)

A wave will disturb the water to a depth equal to _______. a. its wavelength b. its surface amplitude c. the bottom of the sea floor d. one-half of its wavelength

d. one-half of its wavelength