global health final
Which core discipline within public health is the science of analyzing health data and interpreting the results so they can be applied to solving public health problems?
A) Biostatistics
Which of the following refers to an infectious disease that usually occurs only in humans and not in animals?
Anthroponosis
Which of the following is a person who is temporarily living in another country and intends to return to his or her home country?
B) Expatriate
Which of the following represents a shift in the health status of a population that usually occurs in conjunction with socioeconomic development?
B) Health transition
Which of the following is a process of ongoing assessment of a project or program to track progress toward achieving predefined targets?
B) Monitoring
Which of the following considers health to be the result of clean living and disease to be a type of punishment for wrongdoing?
B) Moralistic perspective
Which type of interventions are typically targeted at people with early, asymptomatic disease, so that health problems can be diagnosed before they become so severe that the individuals with them seek health services?
B) Secondary prevention
Which metric focuses primarily on the burden of nonfatal causes of reduced productivity, such as mental health disorders, sensory disorders, and musculoskeletal disorders that cause pain?
B) Years lived with disability
Which of the following refers to rod-shaped bacteria?
Bacilli
Which of the following captures the burden from infant and child deaths in addition to the average age at deaths of adults?
C) Life expectancy
Which of the following overwhelms the local response network and requires extensive outside assistance?
Catastrophe
Which of the following refers to how a person with poor physical or mental health relates to and is regarded by the community?
D) Sickness
What is the typical role of large global health foundations, like The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, in public health?
Donor
True or False? A pandemic has occurred when dozens of people have contracted a foodborne illness by eating at the same restaurant or social event.
F
True or False? As long as people usually have access to at least 10 liters (2.5 gallons) of water per day, they have enough water for drinking, cooking, hygiene, and cleaning to stay healthy.
F
True or False? Reducing health disparities by reducing the health status of the advantaged population is the best way to overcome the global burden from health disparities.
F
True or False? Low-income countries often have low fertility rates that make the population "pyramid" look more like a rectangle or cube.
False
Because few miscarriages and abortions are reported to healthcare professionals, most global health reports use which of the following to measure pregnancies in a population?
Fertility
Which of the following are business investments made by corporations and individuals in other countries?
Foreign direct investment
Which of the following is the process of adding micronutrients not naturally present in a food's ingredients to a food product?
Fortification
Which of the following are among the infections that cause the most deaths worldwide each year?
HIV/AID, tuberculosis, and malaria
Which of the following, defined as relentless nausea and vomiting that causes severe dehydration and significant weight loss, is among the medical problems that require treatment in the first trimester of pregnancy?
Hyperemesis gravidarum
What is the typical role of a local nonprofit organization in public health?
Implementer
Specialists in which field assess and mitigate workplace hazards, such as issuing ear protection to workers in factories with high noise levels and making sure that people who spend their days in front of a computer have ergonomically designed chairs?
Industrial hygiene
Based on health transitions theory, which country is likely to have a highest percentage of deaths attributable to infectious diseases?
Low-income country
Based on health transitions theory, which country is likely to have the highest percentage of children with stunting?
Low-income country
Of HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, malaria, and smallpox, which causes the greatest number of deaths among children worldwide each year?
Malaria
Which of the following diseases has been the target of international public health efforts since the late 1800s when scientists first discovered that its parasite was transmitted to humans through the bites of infected mosquitoes?
Malaria
Children with which condition are emaciated, weak, and lethargic because of long- term calorie deprivation?
Marasmus
Which of the following is the federal health financing system for people who are ages 65 years and older, and also provides coverage for some younger people with serious permanent disabilities?
Medicare
Which of the following hospital-associated infections also occurs in community settings, where it can be transmitted via contact with unsterilized sports equipment and other everyday items?
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
What type of surveillance is based on the collection of reports of notifiable disease diagnoses from medical laboratories that are mandated to report diagnoses to public health agencies?
Passive surveillance
Which infectious disease causes the deaths of the greatest number of children each year?
Pneumonia
Which of the following is a global agreement that aims to significantly reduce the number of deaths and the magnitude of destruction caused by natural disasters?
Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction
The 2005 updates of the International Health Regulations were a response to the emergence of which of the following?
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS)
Which of the following is the only infectious disease of humans eradicated thus far?
Smallpox
A child with low height-for-age is classified as having which of the following?
Stunting
True or False? According to the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the most fundamental human right is the right to life.
T
True or False? Age-adjusted rates that account for differences in population age structures are usually used to compare mortality rates in two or more populations.
T
True or False? Because drinking water is something that everyone requires on a daily basis just to survive, access to water is considered to be a human right.
T
True or False? Both the ability to read and a higher number of years of formal education are correlated with higher health status for adults and their children.
T
True or False? Environmental hazards place a particularly high burden on residents of low- and middle-income countries.
T
True or False? Health insurance systems, whether private or public, are funded based on the principle of pooled risk.
T
True or False? Licensed brand-name and generic drugs are subject to strict manufacturing and packaging regulations that ensure the quality of the product.
T
True or False? Many improved water systems merely bring clean water nearer to homes via a public community tap, borehole, or protected dug well, but do not bring water into homes.
T
True or False? Relief groups quickly deliver the material goods needed for survival, while community development groups make long-term investments in capacity building and sustainable change.
T
True or False? The diversity of contributors to disease means that a great diversity of health interventions can improve health.
T
Substances that can cause birth defects are commonly referred to as which of the following?
Teratogens
Which international agreement, sponsored by the World Trade Organization, protects patients, copyrights, registered trademarks, and industrial designs across national boundaries?
Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights Agreement
Which of the following refers to the ease with which an infectious agent is passed from an infected host to another individual?
Transmissibility
True or False? In every country, a combination of happenstance and health behaviors may reduce health status at various time periods over the lifespan.
True
Which infectious disease does the World Health Organization recommend be treated with DOTS?
Tuberculosis
Most non-military/non-security official development assistance (ODA) from the United States to other countries flows through which agency?
U.S. Agency for International Development
True or False? In most high-income countries, less than 0.1% of the population has HIV.
f
True or False? Lower respiratory infections are usually viral in origin, while upper respiratory infections are most often caused by bacteria.
f
True or False? Voluntary male medical circumcision reduces the risk of HIV infection and negates the need to use condoms as protection against HIV and other sexually transmitted infections.
f
Which population is least likely to have access to an improved sanitation source?
rural low-income community
True or False? People bitten by a rabid animal die when they do not receive post-bite vaccination, a type of post-exposure prophylaxis.
t
True or False? Reproductive health is not just about pregnancy, and it is relevant to both women and men of all ages.
t
True or False? The increase in the number of prevalent HIV cases that has occurred while the incidence rate decreases is considered to be a public health success because people with HIV are living longer lives.
t
True or False? The tens of thousands of infants and children acquiring HIV infection each year is evidence that too many pregnant and breastfeeding women with HIV are not taking antiretroviral therapy.
t
True or False? The unnecessary burden of infectious diseases on children in low- income countries is generally considered to be a sufficient reason for infectious disease prevention and control to remain a global health priority.
t
True or False? When the time between the birth of one baby and the next one is short, the older baby is at risk for malnutrition because of being weaned from breastmilk at a young age and having fewer household resources per child.
t
The Constitution of the World Health Organization (WHO), written in 1948, defines which of the following as "a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity"?
A) Health
Which of the following is usually used to study infectious diseases, acute diseases, and outbreaks?
A) Incidence
The goal of loans issued by which organization is to allow countries to rebuild their monetary reserves, stabilize their currencies, continue paying for imports, and create conditions for economic growth and high employment rates?
A) International Monetary Fund
Which of the following focuses on preventing, diagnosing, and treating health problems in individuals and families?
A) Medicine
Which of the following is a person who has been forced to move across an international border because of security concerns like war, civil conflict, political strife, or persecution based on race, tribe, religion, political affiliation, or membership in some other group?
A) Refugee
Which type of water access does a family have if it has access to about 20 liters per person per day and the source is between 100 and 1,000 meters away or 5 to 30 minutes round trip?
Basic access
In 1713, who published Diseases of Workers, a book that detailed the environmental hazards encountered in 52 occupations, listing poisoning, respiratory diseases, problems related to prolonged postures and repetitive tasks, and psychological stress as some of the many on-the-jobs threats to health?
Bernardino Ramazzini
Which country is likely to have the heaviest burden from neglected tropical diseases?
C) Low-income country
Which disease has caused heart damage in many residents of the Americas?
Chagas disease
Which of the following represents a barrier method of birth control?
Contraceptive sponges
What type of drug is an illegal product that is marked deceptively?
Counterfeit drug
Which of the following is the complex process of adopting practices, traditions, values, and identity of a new community after migrating?
D) Acculturation
Which of the following describes the changes in population composition that accompany the shift toward lower birth and death rates that often occurs as populations move from being lower-income economies toward being middle-income and then
Demographic transition
Which disease is nearing eradication thanks to an eradication campaign led by the Carter Center that emphasizes health education over technology?
Dracunculiasis
True or False? The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) states that people have a right to be healthy.
F
True or False? The most disadvantaged populations, often the ones with the highest mortality rates, are the most likely to have their life events accurately counted.
F
True or False? The reduced health status in populations with lower socioeconomic status is usually caused by innate biological differences rather than by economic, social, and political environments.
F
Which of the following is a process by which women and men make informed decisions about how many children they want to have, how many years apart they want those pregnancies to be, and the actions they will take to achieve these goals?
Family planning
Which theory says that reducing the proportion of a population that is susceptible to an infection protects the whole population, including those who are unable to receive vaccines?
Herd immunity
What term is a measure of the rate of nonfatal disease in a population, and is typically measured by incidence and prevalence?
Morbidity
Which step in the emergency management cycle includes the creation and refinement of emergency operations plans, the establishment of emergency communications infrastructure, and the training of public employees and emergency response volunteers?
Readiness
True or False? A country's Ministry of Health typically takes the lead on communicating about health-related issues with intergovernmental agencies, global partnerships, and other external groups.
T
True or False? A desire for privacy means that many people without an improved sanitation facility wait until dark to defecate, even when it is dangerous to be outside at night.
T
True or False? The country that spends the most on health care each year, by far, is the United States, which has a health system that is unique among high-income countries because it is not a universal health coverage system.
T
True or False? The emergence of HIV, virulent new strains of influenza, and drug- resistant pathogens prompted truly global research and response efforts.
T
True or False? The primary goal of global health security is to ensure the health of military personnel and law enforcement officers.
T
True or False? The proportion of deaths attributable to infectious diseases decreases as countries become richer.
T
True or False? To be classified as an improved water source, the water must be protected, which means people should not wash clothes or bathe near where drinking water is collected.
T
True or False? While new health technologies are indisputably beneficial, the uneven distribution of access to them has generated a massive intensification of health disparities.
T
True or False? Women with more formal schooling are more likely to give birth at a healthcare facility, which means that both mothers and newborns are more likely to survive if there are complications during or after delivery.
T
True or False? When two countries have similar economic profiles, the country with greater income inequality tends to have a more favorable health profile.
f
True or false? In the period between 1990 and 2015, there was no change in the number of under-5 child deaths from pneumonia, diarrheal diseases, or measles.
f
True or False? Eradication is easier to achieve when the infection occurs only in humans rather than cycling between animals and humans.
t
True or False? For most people with HIV, antiretroviral therapy is effective at managing HIV as a chronic condition and enabling many years of healthy life that would be impossible without access to the drugs.
t
True or False? Increased access to contraception reduces the number of spontaneous abortions by preventing unplanned pregnancies.
t
True or false? The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention is headquartered in Atlanta, Georgia, because the agency evolved from the national malaria control program.
t