nutrition exam 2

which of the following are health conditions associated with a very high fiber intake

constipation and intestinal blockages

Cholesterol <200 mg/dL

desirable

maltose, sucrose, lactose are classified as

disaccharides

Which food rates very high for protein quality because it is easy to digest and has a pattern of essential amino acids that closely resembles that needed by humans?

eggs

there are total of _____ nonessential amino acids and nine essential amino acids that the body need in order to function

eleven

what happens when cells metabolize glucose

energy is released

lactovegetarian

Eats milk and milk products but no animal flesh or eggs

Primarily, fatty acids are transported through the bloodstream

as part of lipoproteins

why do manufacturers partially hydrogenerate oils

increase shelf life, decrease rancidity

health problems associated with obesity include

infertility, gallbladder disease, osteoarthritis, metabolic syndrome

decreases blood glucose

insulin

how does the body respond to an increase in blood sugar

insulin is secreted by the pancreas

when there is no enough glucose available for cells, fat metabolism

is carried out inefficiently and results in excess ketone bodies

the RDA for carbohydrate of 130g/day is enough to prevent

ketosis

underweight bmi

less than 18.5

to increase the number of calories for physical activity, one could

lift heavier weights, run faster and train longer

general term for water-soluble structures that transport lipids throughout the bloodstream

lipoproteins

where is glycogen stored in the body

liver

glucagon is released during times of ____ blood glucose levels

low

bioelectrical impedance

low energy electrical current

The form of protein energy malnutrition referred to a starvation is known as

marasmus

which two variables are used to calculate a persons BMI

height and weight

HDL cholesterol >/= 60 mg/dl

high

muscle is denser than fat; therefore, many muscular people have ____ BMIs and yet have healthy percentages of body fat

higher

technical term for high blood sugar

hyperglycemia

the primary function of glycogen is

store glucose in the body

excess glucose results in

stored glycogen and far

women generally have more _____ fat than men

subcutaneous

which of the following are disaccharides

sucrose, maltose, lactose

the major function of carbohydrate is to

supply the body with energy

what are the major functions of fatty acids and triglycerides in the body

to aid in the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins, to provide energy, to insulate and protect the body

A protein is deaminated and its carbon skeleton is used for energy or stored as fat when we consume

too much protein

Fructose is known as fruit sugar

true

a person with high levels of LDL is at high risk of developing CVD

true

glucagon and insulin are both released from the pancreas

true

hyperglycemia occurs when an individual's blood sugar level is abnormally elevated

true

the main difference in chemical structure between mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acids in that polyunsaturated fatty acids contain

two or more carbon carbon double bonds

an omega-3 fatty acid is

unsaturated

liquid corn oil is a rich source of

unsaturated fatty acids

_________________ fat forms a protective structure under the abdominal muscle whereas ___________ fat holds skin in place

visceral and subcutaneous

underwater weighing

water displacement method

Signs of Marasmus

weakness and wasting

apple-shaped obesity is associated with

men with an "apple" body shape and increased risk for serious, chronic diseases

which of the following element is part of proteins but not part of lipids or carbohydrates

nitrogen

LDL cholesterol < 100 mg/dl

optimal

which of the following vegetarian diets allow a person to eat eggs but no other animal foods

ovovegetarian

manufactures use ____ to increase the shelf life of foods and to decrease rancidity

partial hydrogenated oils

____ are the major structural components of cell membranes

phospholipids

major structural components of the cell membrane

phospholipids and proteins

____ unsaturated fatty acids contain two or more carbon-carbon double bonds

poly

during low carbohydrate consumption which of the following will occur

production of ketone bodies

nitrogen equilibrium occurs when

protein intake equals protein losses

not all amino acids need to be supplied through dietary sources because ____ breaks down old and I needed proteins into the component amino acid and then recycle center. Make a new proteins.

protein turnover

protein functions as

enzymes antibodies compounds that help maintain fluid and pH balance

increases blood glucose

glucagon

which of the following are monosaccharides

glucose, fructose, galactose

which of the following are easy ways to increase your dietary fiber intakes to meet the AIs

whole grains, vegetables, fiber-rich fruits

transports the most cholesterol

LDL

which of the following are traditional symptoms of diabetes

- frequent urination, blurred vision, extreme thirst

what are some common deficiencies and poorly planned plant based diet

-Iron -Vitamin-D -Vitamin B-12

to determine a person's RDA for protein, multiply his or her weight in kilograms by

0.8g

which of the following are the top three contributors to the calories expended by the body each day

1. basal metabolism 2. thermic effect of food 3. physical activity

Humans digest animal proteins better than plant proteins. For this reason, vegetarians may need to increase their protein intake by about ______% to meet their protein requirements.

10%

what is acceptable macronutrient distribution range of energy from protein

10-35%

a person consuming 2000 kcals and eating 20% of her kcals from protein is eating how many grams of protein

100 grams

How many nonessential amino acids are there?

11

the amount of carbohydrate to prevent ketosis is

130g/day

healthy weight bmi

18.5-24.9

the dietary guidelines for america's recommended that adults should keep daily fat intake

20 to 35% of total calories

Angela weighs 61 kg and is 1.6 meters tall. Calculate her BMI, rounding to the nearest whole number.

24

a high protein diet can increase ____ loss in urine

Calcium

To make proteins, cells assemble the 20 amino acids in specific sequences according to information provided by

DNA

Which type of lipoprotein transfers cholesterol from the cells for disposal

HDL

lipoprotein that carrie's the most protein

HDL

transports the least triglycerides

HDL

what type of lipoprotein carries cholesterol from the body tissue back to the liver for recycling

HDL

which type of lipoprotein carrie's cholesterol from the body tissue back to the liver for recycling

HDL

In terms of HDL and LDL levels, risk for development of cardiovascular disease increases when _____ levels are low and ____ levels are high in the bloodstream

HDL and LDL

proteins that contain all nine essential amino acids in amounts that support growth are considered

High quality (complete) protein

what are some deficiency symptoms experienced with inadequate consumption of essential fatty acids

Impaired wound healing, hair loss, scaly skin

what is the chemical structure of an omega-3 fatty acid

It contains the first carbon-carbon double bond on the third carbon from the omega end of the carbon chain.

what happens when excess protein is consumed

It is turned into glucose or fat. It is metabolized for energy needs.

A form of protein energy malnutrition that is caused by inadequate protein and calorie intake is:

Marasmus

what are some good food sources of polyunsaturated fats

Soybean oil, corn oil

the energy required for the thermic effect of foods is due to the ___ of nutrients

absorption, processing and digestion

calculating estimated energy

age, weight, height

bod pod

air displacement method

Reducing the intake of ______ will help reduce blood triglyceride levels.

alcohol refined carbohydrates

A complete (high-quality) protein contains:

all nine essential amino acids

proteins are made up of smaller units called

amino acids

which of the following are disease organisms-fighting proteins

antibodies

which of the following are good sources of soluble fiber

apples

energy ___ occurs when calorie intake matches calorie expenditure

balance

choose all of the following foods which are good sources of soluble fiber

beans, carrots, oat bran

An LDL level of 154 would be classified by the American Heart Association as

borderline high

triglycerides of 150-199 mg/dl

borderline high

good food sources of monounsaturated fats

canola, peanut and olive ool

major source of energy for the cells

carbohydrates

what is combined to make a protein

carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen

what are some examples of food sources of food sources that contain cholesterol

chicken, ice cream and eggs

what is only found in foods that contain animal products

cholesterol

transports the most triglycerides

chylomicron

a high fiber diet may increase the availability of nutrients

false

dietary fiber includes indigestible plant and animal materials

false

dna does not play a vital role in protein synthesis

false

The body satisfies energy requirements by consuming

fat, protein, carbohydrates

nondigestible plant material is termed

fiber

Most dietary ______ are complex carbohydrates comprised of monosaccharides connected by bonds that human enzymes cannot digest.

fibers

antibodies are proteins that function by

fighting disease organisms

which of the following foods are considered to have high quality protein

fish, meat, eggs, poultry

holds oxidized LDL within the arterial wall in arterial wall

foam cells

which sugar is naturally found in fruit, honey and a few vegetables

fructose

skin fold caliper

skin fold measurement

central body obesity is

sometimes described as having an "apple" body shape, symbolic of extra visceral fat stores, more common in men

lactoovovegetarian

It's milk and milk, products and eggs, but no other animals food

overweight

25-29.9

what percent of calories in the diet should come from carbohydrates

45-65%

a 35 year old man who is at a healthy body weight of 80 kg has a protein RDA of ____ grams/day

64

how many amino acids are considered essential

9

Stephen complains to his doctor of frequent urination and extreme thirst. Over the past 3 months, he also lost 12 pounds without dieting. His doctor sends him for tests to see if he has

diabetes

what is the most advanced but expensive method to determine body fat

dual energy x ray absorptiometry (DEXA)

Ovovegetarian diet

eats eggs but no other animal foods

the hormone that is secreted mainly by the stomach and stimulates eating

ghrelin

hormone that prevents blood glucose from dropping to low

glucagon

What is the major monosaccharide found in the body?

glucose

the brain and other nervous system cells are mostly __ for energy

glucose

the brain and other nervous system cells use mostly ____ for energy

glucose

what is the primary source of fuel for the body's cells

glucose

a Triglyceride is composed of three fatty acids attached to a(n) ___ molecule

glycerol

The muscle and liver are major sites for the storage and formation of ______.

glycogen

storage form of glucose

glycogen

the liver can convert glucose into fat if

glycogen storage reaches maximum capacity.

HDL is considered _______ cholesterol.

good

obesity

greater or equal to 30

what is a symptom associated with insufficient consumption of essential fatty acids

hair loss

choose factors that increase body fat accumulation

high stress, hormonal imbalance, sleep deprivation

maintaining cell membranes, insulating the body against coke temperatures, cushioning body against bumps and blows, and contributing to body contours are traits of which nutrient

lipids

Health problems associated with obesity

metabolic syndrome, insulinemia, hypertension and stroke, coronary artery disease

the major components of total energy expenditure are basal ____,_____ activity and the _____ effect of food

metabolism, physical, thermic

the three most important single sugars or _____ are glucose, fructose and galactose

monosaccharides

simple carbohydrates include _____ which contain only one sugar unit and _____ which contains two sugar units bonded together

monosaccharides and disaccharide

olive oil is a rich source of

monounsaturated fatty acids

which of the following occurs when the amount of protein consumed equals the amount of protein lost?

nitrogen equilibrium

transports cholesterol into arterial lining

oxidized LDL

The process of breaking down old and unneeded proteins into their component amino acids and recycling them to make new proteins is called

protein and turnover

what is it called when two sources of protein combine to form a complete protein, whereas by themselves, they supply an inadequate amount of

protein complementation

amino acids are bonded together to form

proteins

enzymes, antibodies, and clotting compounds are made up of

proteins

Energy expended during physical activity depends on

type of activity, weight of the person, intensity of workout