nutrition exam 2
which of the following are health conditions associated with a very high fiber intake
constipation and intestinal blockages
Cholesterol <200 mg/dL
desirable
maltose, sucrose, lactose are classified as
disaccharides
Which food rates very high for protein quality because it is easy to digest and has a pattern of essential amino acids that closely resembles that needed by humans?
eggs
there are total of _____ nonessential amino acids and nine essential amino acids that the body need in order to function
eleven
what happens when cells metabolize glucose
energy is released
lactovegetarian
Eats milk and milk products but no animal flesh or eggs
Primarily, fatty acids are transported through the bloodstream
as part of lipoproteins
why do manufacturers partially hydrogenerate oils
increase shelf life, decrease rancidity
health problems associated with obesity include
infertility, gallbladder disease, osteoarthritis, metabolic syndrome
decreases blood glucose
insulin
how does the body respond to an increase in blood sugar
insulin is secreted by the pancreas
when there is no enough glucose available for cells, fat metabolism
is carried out inefficiently and results in excess ketone bodies
the RDA for carbohydrate of 130g/day is enough to prevent
ketosis
underweight bmi
less than 18.5
to increase the number of calories for physical activity, one could
lift heavier weights, run faster and train longer
general term for water-soluble structures that transport lipids throughout the bloodstream
lipoproteins
where is glycogen stored in the body
liver
glucagon is released during times of ____ blood glucose levels
low
bioelectrical impedance
low energy electrical current
The form of protein energy malnutrition referred to a starvation is known as
marasmus
which two variables are used to calculate a persons BMI
height and weight
HDL cholesterol >/= 60 mg/dl
high
muscle is denser than fat; therefore, many muscular people have ____ BMIs and yet have healthy percentages of body fat
higher
technical term for high blood sugar
hyperglycemia
the primary function of glycogen is
store glucose in the body
excess glucose results in
stored glycogen and far
women generally have more _____ fat than men
subcutaneous
which of the following are disaccharides
sucrose, maltose, lactose
the major function of carbohydrate is to
supply the body with energy
what are the major functions of fatty acids and triglycerides in the body
to aid in the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins, to provide energy, to insulate and protect the body
A protein is deaminated and its carbon skeleton is used for energy or stored as fat when we consume
too much protein
Fructose is known as fruit sugar
true
a person with high levels of LDL is at high risk of developing CVD
true
glucagon and insulin are both released from the pancreas
true
hyperglycemia occurs when an individual's blood sugar level is abnormally elevated
true
the main difference in chemical structure between mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acids in that polyunsaturated fatty acids contain
two or more carbon carbon double bonds
an omega-3 fatty acid is
unsaturated
liquid corn oil is a rich source of
unsaturated fatty acids
_________________ fat forms a protective structure under the abdominal muscle whereas ___________ fat holds skin in place
visceral and subcutaneous
underwater weighing
water displacement method
Signs of Marasmus
weakness and wasting
apple-shaped obesity is associated with
men with an "apple" body shape and increased risk for serious, chronic diseases
which of the following element is part of proteins but not part of lipids or carbohydrates
nitrogen
LDL cholesterol < 100 mg/dl
optimal
which of the following vegetarian diets allow a person to eat eggs but no other animal foods
ovovegetarian
manufactures use ____ to increase the shelf life of foods and to decrease rancidity
partial hydrogenated oils
____ are the major structural components of cell membranes
phospholipids
major structural components of the cell membrane
phospholipids and proteins
____ unsaturated fatty acids contain two or more carbon-carbon double bonds
poly
during low carbohydrate consumption which of the following will occur
production of ketone bodies
nitrogen equilibrium occurs when
protein intake equals protein losses
not all amino acids need to be supplied through dietary sources because ____ breaks down old and I needed proteins into the component amino acid and then recycle center. Make a new proteins.
protein turnover
protein functions as
enzymes antibodies compounds that help maintain fluid and pH balance
increases blood glucose
glucagon
which of the following are monosaccharides
glucose, fructose, galactose
which of the following are easy ways to increase your dietary fiber intakes to meet the AIs
whole grains, vegetables, fiber-rich fruits
transports the most cholesterol
LDL
which of the following are traditional symptoms of diabetes
- frequent urination, blurred vision, extreme thirst
what are some common deficiencies and poorly planned plant based diet
-Iron -Vitamin-D -Vitamin B-12
to determine a person's RDA for protein, multiply his or her weight in kilograms by
0.8g
which of the following are the top three contributors to the calories expended by the body each day
1. basal metabolism 2. thermic effect of food 3. physical activity
Humans digest animal proteins better than plant proteins. For this reason, vegetarians may need to increase their protein intake by about ______% to meet their protein requirements.
10%
what is acceptable macronutrient distribution range of energy from protein
10-35%
a person consuming 2000 kcals and eating 20% of her kcals from protein is eating how many grams of protein
100 grams
How many nonessential amino acids are there?
11
the amount of carbohydrate to prevent ketosis is
130g/day
healthy weight bmi
18.5-24.9
the dietary guidelines for america's recommended that adults should keep daily fat intake
20 to 35% of total calories
Angela weighs 61 kg and is 1.6 meters tall. Calculate her BMI, rounding to the nearest whole number.
24
a high protein diet can increase ____ loss in urine
Calcium
To make proteins, cells assemble the 20 amino acids in specific sequences according to information provided by
DNA
Which type of lipoprotein transfers cholesterol from the cells for disposal
HDL
lipoprotein that carrie's the most protein
HDL
transports the least triglycerides
HDL
what type of lipoprotein carries cholesterol from the body tissue back to the liver for recycling
HDL
which type of lipoprotein carrie's cholesterol from the body tissue back to the liver for recycling
HDL
In terms of HDL and LDL levels, risk for development of cardiovascular disease increases when _____ levels are low and ____ levels are high in the bloodstream
HDL and LDL
proteins that contain all nine essential amino acids in amounts that support growth are considered
High quality (complete) protein
what are some deficiency symptoms experienced with inadequate consumption of essential fatty acids
Impaired wound healing, hair loss, scaly skin
what is the chemical structure of an omega-3 fatty acid
It contains the first carbon-carbon double bond on the third carbon from the omega end of the carbon chain.
what happens when excess protein is consumed
It is turned into glucose or fat. It is metabolized for energy needs.
A form of protein energy malnutrition that is caused by inadequate protein and calorie intake is:
Marasmus
what are some good food sources of polyunsaturated fats
Soybean oil, corn oil
the energy required for the thermic effect of foods is due to the ___ of nutrients
absorption, processing and digestion
calculating estimated energy
age, weight, height
bod pod
air displacement method
Reducing the intake of ______ will help reduce blood triglyceride levels.
alcohol refined carbohydrates
A complete (high-quality) protein contains:
all nine essential amino acids
proteins are made up of smaller units called
amino acids
which of the following are disease organisms-fighting proteins
antibodies
which of the following are good sources of soluble fiber
apples
energy ___ occurs when calorie intake matches calorie expenditure
balance
choose all of the following foods which are good sources of soluble fiber
beans, carrots, oat bran
An LDL level of 154 would be classified by the American Heart Association as
borderline high
triglycerides of 150-199 mg/dl
borderline high
good food sources of monounsaturated fats
canola, peanut and olive ool
major source of energy for the cells
carbohydrates
what is combined to make a protein
carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen
what are some examples of food sources of food sources that contain cholesterol
chicken, ice cream and eggs
what is only found in foods that contain animal products
cholesterol
transports the most triglycerides
chylomicron
a high fiber diet may increase the availability of nutrients
false
dietary fiber includes indigestible plant and animal materials
false
dna does not play a vital role in protein synthesis
false
The body satisfies energy requirements by consuming
fat, protein, carbohydrates
nondigestible plant material is termed
fiber
Most dietary ______ are complex carbohydrates comprised of monosaccharides connected by bonds that human enzymes cannot digest.
fibers
antibodies are proteins that function by
fighting disease organisms
which of the following foods are considered to have high quality protein
fish, meat, eggs, poultry
holds oxidized LDL within the arterial wall in arterial wall
foam cells
which sugar is naturally found in fruit, honey and a few vegetables
fructose
skin fold caliper
skin fold measurement
central body obesity is
sometimes described as having an "apple" body shape, symbolic of extra visceral fat stores, more common in men
lactoovovegetarian
It's milk and milk, products and eggs, but no other animals food
overweight
25-29.9
what percent of calories in the diet should come from carbohydrates
45-65%
a 35 year old man who is at a healthy body weight of 80 kg has a protein RDA of ____ grams/day
64
how many amino acids are considered essential
9
Stephen complains to his doctor of frequent urination and extreme thirst. Over the past 3 months, he also lost 12 pounds without dieting. His doctor sends him for tests to see if he has
diabetes
what is the most advanced but expensive method to determine body fat
dual energy x ray absorptiometry (DEXA)
Ovovegetarian diet
eats eggs but no other animal foods
the hormone that is secreted mainly by the stomach and stimulates eating
ghrelin
hormone that prevents blood glucose from dropping to low
glucagon
What is the major monosaccharide found in the body?
glucose
the brain and other nervous system cells are mostly __ for energy
glucose
the brain and other nervous system cells use mostly ____ for energy
glucose
what is the primary source of fuel for the body's cells
glucose
a Triglyceride is composed of three fatty acids attached to a(n) ___ molecule
glycerol
The muscle and liver are major sites for the storage and formation of ______.
glycogen
storage form of glucose
glycogen
the liver can convert glucose into fat if
glycogen storage reaches maximum capacity.
HDL is considered _______ cholesterol.
good
obesity
greater or equal to 30
what is a symptom associated with insufficient consumption of essential fatty acids
hair loss
choose factors that increase body fat accumulation
high stress, hormonal imbalance, sleep deprivation
maintaining cell membranes, insulating the body against coke temperatures, cushioning body against bumps and blows, and contributing to body contours are traits of which nutrient
lipids
Health problems associated with obesity
metabolic syndrome, insulinemia, hypertension and stroke, coronary artery disease
the major components of total energy expenditure are basal ____,_____ activity and the _____ effect of food
metabolism, physical, thermic
the three most important single sugars or _____ are glucose, fructose and galactose
monosaccharides
simple carbohydrates include _____ which contain only one sugar unit and _____ which contains two sugar units bonded together
monosaccharides and disaccharide
olive oil is a rich source of
monounsaturated fatty acids
which of the following occurs when the amount of protein consumed equals the amount of protein lost?
nitrogen equilibrium
transports cholesterol into arterial lining
oxidized LDL
The process of breaking down old and unneeded proteins into their component amino acids and recycling them to make new proteins is called
protein and turnover
what is it called when two sources of protein combine to form a complete protein, whereas by themselves, they supply an inadequate amount of
protein complementation
amino acids are bonded together to form
proteins
enzymes, antibodies, and clotting compounds are made up of
proteins
Energy expended during physical activity depends on
type of activity, weight of the person, intensity of workout
