gov exam #3
While traditional party conventions were ______, contemporary party conventions are _______
Deliberative assemblies to determine nominations; simple ratifications of nominations that have already been determined
How are the number of electors for each state determined in the Electoral College?
Each state receives an elector for every member of the House and Senate it has
Why do campaigns care about GOTV/ground game efforts?
In close elections, mobilizing voters can make a big difference
What does it mean that most political judgments are latent opinions?
Most Americans form their opinions only as needed
During the earliest years of the United States, who nominated the candidates for president?
Nominations were controlled by each party's congressional caucus
What evidence do we have that public opinion is relevant in American politics today?
Politicians and journalists spend lots of time and money trying to figure out what people think
Which of the following best summarizes the influence of public opinion on government?
Public opinion has wide-ranging effects on government officials
Which of the following is a difference between Democratic and Republican primaries?
The Democratic Party requires that state presidential primaries allocate delegates on the basis of proportional representation while the Republican Party does not.
Why are focus groups helpful in understanding public opinion?
They provide deep insights into why people hold the views that they do
what does party ID refer to?
a citizen's loyalty to a specific political party
Modern political campaigns do NOT depend on ________
a large army of volunteers from the party
Partisan loyalty is likely to be highest in the election of
a state legislator
Which of the following individuals would be MOST likely to vote?
a white, middle aged college graduate
Which of the following groups identify overwhelmingly as Democrats?
african americans
The rules of presidential primaries and caucuses are determined
by state party organizations
Which of the following politicians was recalled from office?
california governor gray davis
what can be said about digital political participation?
candidates often use Twitter as their choice of platform, reaching a younger, more educated audience
In Congress, the Democrats are organized by a ______, while the Republicans are organized by a _______.
caucus; conference
Things like one's gender, race, ethnicity, income, or education level are examples of what kinds of effects?
cohort
What is the MOST important thing a survey company must do to ensure a proper sample?
collect a random sample
Pieces of relevant information such as ideology, party identification, religious beliefs, and personal circumstances that come to mind when an opinion is requested are known as
considerations
Before the post-World War II era, dark-horse candidates were most likely to arise at a national convention when
deadlocks between major factions developed
The American political parties are
decentralized organizations
andrew jackson was the founder of which political party
democratic
The __________ parties defined the Second Party System on the issue of the tariffs (farmers versus merchants) and slavery.
democratic and whig
If the Democrats control the Senate and the White House and the Republicans control the House of Representatives, what is this an example of?
divided government
__________ is defined as one party controlling Congress but not the presidency or different parties controlling the House and Senate
divided government
The original gerrymander is attributed to ________.
elbridge gerry
The ________ is the last example of indirect voting in national elections
electoral college
What is the Electoral College?
electors from each state who cast ballots for president and vice president
Select the correct party coalition for the modern Democratic party
ethnic and racial minorities, the religiously unaffiliated, and the Millennial generation
the electoral college is required for all congressional elections
false
the most accurate type of polling is push polling
false
The __________ is (are) in charge of administering election laws, including the complex regulations pertaining to how campaigns can spend money.
federal election commission
What is social desirability bias?
giving an answer to a survey that a person believes is socially acceptable
a candidate goes door to door to introduce her self to voters. this is known as _______ politics
grassroots
A candidate's efforts to mobilize voters all come together on Election Day through his or her
ground game
Money that is used specifically to elect or defeat a specific candidate is known as _____ money.
hard
Public opinion is considered __________ when many citizens have positions on either end of the political spectrum
ideologically polarized
Liberal and conservative are examples of what term?
ideology
There is a high correlation between both the party identification of parents and their children and the __________ parents and their children.
ideology of
Research has shown that people's opinions are MOST likely to be swayed by events that they consider to be
important and unfamiliar
which statement about public opinion is correct?
in forming an opinion, many individuals and groups influence it
To decrease sample error, a pollster must __________ the number of respondents.
increase
The right of candidates to spend their own money on running for office:
is protected absolutely by the First Amendment, according to the Supreme Court
________ was NOT a republican candidate for president in 2016
john boehner
What is the proper term for an opinion constructed on the spot?
latent opinion
When the government increases spending, it is generally preceded by a policy mood that is
leaning liberal
A runoff election is likely when a state uses __________ voting.
majority
Runoff elections are usually found in combination with what other election rule?
majority voting
what can be said about election cycles for congress?
mid-term elections focus on congressional elections only
Which of the following best summarizes the way people feel about the government?
most people are disenchanted with the government
what has been the impact of third parties quizlet?
often that party's issues are absorbed into one or both of the major parties
Which of the following is NOT an agent of political socialization?
one's party identification
Juan considers himself a Republican, while Mariah considers herself a Democrat. These are examples of their
party ID
A __________ is a set of promises explaining what the party's candidates will do if elected.
party platform
Generally speaking, a recall effort begins with a
petition campaign
We refer to the level of support for expanding the government's role in society as what?
policy mood
When we want to know the level of public support for expanding the government's role in society, what do we measure?
policy mood
Generally the public looks to __________ who agree with them when they look for political information.
political actors
Which is the process, often shaped by other people and the surrounding culture, by which a person forms political opinions?
political socialization
To win a party's nomination, a candidate must win the
primary election
Which of the following terms best matches this definition: citizens' views on politics and government and on what government is and should be doing?
public opinion
When the United States goes from one party system to another, this is known as a
realignment
what can lead to party dealignment?
reliance on mass media and becoming more education
A citizen's judgment of an officeholder's job performance since the last election is called
retrospective evaluation
________ occurs when a citizen votes for a candidate because he or she approves of the candidate's past record
retrospective voting
Because it would be impossible to ask all 300 million people living in the United States their opinion, we instead collect a __________ when doing surveys.
sample
Turnout in presidential elections is __________ when compared to midterm elections.
significantly higher
The Second Party System ultimately split over the issue of
slavery
A pollster will ask a question indirectly in an attempt to avoid __________ in respondents' answers.
social desirability
Garland votes for a Democrat for Senate and a Republican for president. This is best described as an example of what kind of voting?
split ticket
the ___________ is one in which individuals who work for the winning party are rewarded with benefits such as jobs in government
spoils system
In a spoils system,
supporters of the winning party are rewarded
Modern presidential campaigns are primarily conducted through what kind of advertising?
television
A major factor in John Kennedy's 1960 presidential victory over Richard Nixon was
that Kennedy had a much stronger performance than Nixon during televised debates
once nominated, how does a party candidate to begin to campaign?
the candidate uses the party convention as a platform to begin his/her campaign
what has been suggested about the difference of opinion between women and men?
the difference is based on women obtaining more political knowledge than women
Which statement best characterizes the nature of political action committees and 527s?
they are not part of the political party organization
in polling, the wording of survey questions can actually produce in inaccurate results
true
online participation in politics leads to offline participation as well
true
Members of the House of Representatives are selected by
voters in single member districts
In a plurality voting system
whoever gets the most votes wins
Which of the following is an example of wholesale politics?
writing mass newsletters to constituents
how was suffrage restricted in the US?
poll taxes and literacy tests
what can be said about the 2016 presidential election?
the media and pollsters predicted wrong
The view that "my vote will not make a difference" is an important part of what question in political science?
the paradox of voting
What is a party platfom?
a set of objectives outlining the party's issue positions and priorities, which candidates are not required to support
as a way of affecting opinion, the President's staff wishes to persuade the media to follow their lead in covering topics. this is an example of _______ news
framing
which of the following statements is false? (most voters in America use paper ballots or some of the electoral devices that are used in the US are prone to error)
most voters in America use paper ballots
What do we call the principal or main body in each party organization in America?
national committee
Which type of rules allow for the most possible people to participate in a primary?
open
what did the conflict over replacing antonin scalia on the supreme court demonstrate?
party polarization
Which of the following is an organization that runs candidates for office and coordinates the actions of affiliated elected officials?
political party
Parents, events, and political actors are all sources of
political socialization
The total group of people whom researchers or pollsters want to study and know the opinions of is known as the
population
what is a referendum?
practice of voting directly for proposed laws
What is opposition research?
sending staffers to attend opponents' events with video cameras in the hopes of recording embarrassing behavior or statements
In what case did the Supreme Court say that purposefully drawing districts where the majority of voters were members of a single minority group, in order to ensure minority representation, was unlawful?
shaw v reno
what impact does education and impact have on political participation?
the higher levels of education and income, the higher rate of participation in politics
Which of the following is NOT considered a "fundamental" of an election?
the quality of each candidate's campaign
According to Duverger's Law, if we want to know how many major political parties a country will have, what should we look at?
the rules for determining how many votes are needed to win an election along with other electoral rules
Which of the following BEST summarizes the political views of "independents"?
they are usually closet partisans and favor one party over another
The MOST important thing to do in trying to get a representative sample of the population is
to select a sample randomly
A ______ is a media format in which candidates meet with ordinary citizens, without the input of journalists or commentators.
town hall meeting
party identification can be based on race, religion and/or class
true
Politicians attempt to "balance the ticket" with members of many important groups because
voters tend to prefer candidates who are closer to themselves in terms of race, ethnicity, religion, gender, geography, and social background
If our goal is to finish with a sampling error of around 3 percent, about how many people do we need to interview for our survey?
1000 to 1500
When did national conventions begin in American politics?
1830s
A __________ is a tax-exempt group that is not subject to contribution limits and spending caps and that is formed primarily to influence elections through voter mobilization efforts and issue ads that do not directly endorse or oppose a candidate.
527 organization