HAP Test #6 - The Muscular System

compartment syndrome

accumulation of blood and fluid within dense connective tissue partitions of muscle

Which of the following is a stimulus for contraction in skeletal muscle?

acetylcholine

The striated appearance of skeletal muscle results from

actin and myosin arrangement

A resting muscle generates most of its ATP by

aerobic respiration

myasthenia gravis

autoimmune disease that results in progressive muscular paralysis

The __________ contains vesicles filled with acetylcholine.

axon terminal

The enzyme acetylcholinesterase causes acetylcholine to

break down.

In response to action potentials arriving from the transverse tubules, the sarcoplasmic reticulum releases

calcium ions

sternocleidomastoid

points of origin & insertion

gluteus medius

relative size, location

palmaris longus

relative size, location

Botulism

results from a bacterial toxin tha prevents the release of acetylcholine at the axon terminals

The area between Z lines is the

sarcomere.

The terminal cisternae are structural features of the

sarcoplasmic reticula

Creatine phosphate serves to

synthesize ADP

What statement regarding isometric contractions is true?

tension remains at a constant level until relaxation occurs.

Tropomyosin strands are held in position by which of the following

troponin molecules

A single stimulus-contraction-relaxation sequence in a muscle fiber is known as a(n)

twitch

Which of the following occurs when glycolysis produces pyruvate faster than it can be used by the mitochondria?

Lactic acid is produced.

A layer of collagen fibers that surrounds an entire muscle is called

epimysium

Skeletal muscle fibers differ from "typical cells" in that these muscle fibers

have many nuclei

The term used to describe muscular growth in response to usage is

hypertrophy

Each myofibril consists of apporximately __________ sarcomeres.

10,000

Rigor mortis occurs at death due to a lack of

ATP

Which of the following statements describe how muscles help maintain homeostasis?

Skeletal muscle contractions help maintain body temperature

During which phase is the stimulus frequency so high that the relaxation phase is eliminated?

complete tetanus

ischemia

deficiency of blood in a body part

Regarding lactic acid regulation, which cells in the body consume extra oxygen and produce ATP for the conversion of excess lactate absorbed from the blood back to glucose?

liver cells

extensor carpi ulnaris

location, action

During activities requiring aerobic endurance,

most of the muscle's energy is produced in mitochondria.

Which of the following occurs as a result of motor units in a particular muscle being always active, even though their contraction do not produce enough movement as a result of contraction?

muscle tone

myalgia

muscular pain

Biceps femoris

number of origins, location

hernia

organ protrudes from abnormal opening in body cavity wall

The less-movable end of skeletal muscle is the

origin

The additional oxygen required during the recovery period to restore the normal pre-exertion levels is called the

oxygen debt.

Which of the following is an effect of aging on the muscular system?

skeletal muscles become more elastic

A person whose genetic makeup makes him or her a better marathon runner than a sprinter probably has more __________ in his or her leg muscles.

slow fibers

As a skeletal muscle contraction is initiated, acetylcholine binding alters the motor end plate membrane's permeability to

sodium ions.

What is the function of the transverse tubule?

to transmit electrical impulses to the cell's interior