HDFS 2000 Exam 3

Partners must be at least ___ years of age to marry in 49 of the 50 states without parental consent.

18

The Defense of Marriage Act was passed in:

1996

As of the printing of this text, same-sex marriage is allowed in ___states in the US

50

According to researchers, which of the following is not a positive communication strategy?

Avoidance of conflict

Men tend to marry women who are:

Below them in age and education

Which of the following statements is true regarding attitudes about marriage?

The younger you are, the more likely you are to believe marriage is obsolete.

People in which of the following groups are least likely to be married?

african-americans

The most important background factor in shaping marital outcomes is:

age

Conflicts in marital relationships can be resolved through negotiation by which of the following?

agreement as a gift

Which of the following is not a common example of a positive communication strategy?

allowing one partner to always lead in affection

According to the stimulus-value-role theory, in the stimulus stage each person is:

attracted to the other

An example of the mating gradient is a(n):

attractive, older career woman not being able to find a suitable partner

Positive strategies for resolving conflict include all of the following except:

avoidance of the issue

"Alright, let's go eat Mexican food if that's what you want, but it has to be at Amigos," grins Jack. His wife, Alexishas just benefitted from which type of conflict resolution?

bargaining

The physiological functioning of which of the following systems is impacted by marital conflict?

cardiovascular

All of the following are positive ways of resolving conflict except

coercion

Unhappily married couples displayed which of the following behavior patterns?

confrontation

When one partner yells "You're wrong!" and the other, "I only did what I was supposed to do!" it is an example of:

confrontation and defensiveness

lauer and lauer found which of the following to be ingredients for marital success?

consensus on fundamentals such as aims and goals

According to the text, during negative communication interactions, nonverbal acts such as rolling one's eyes inresponse to a statement or complaint made by a spouse can convey:

contempt

Why are you even bringing up this problem now?" is an example of

defensiveness

Every time Tammy tells her husband Michael that she wants to talk about their marriage, Michael either leaves theroom or changes the subject. This type of marital communication is referred to as

demand-withdraw communication

For both men and women which of the following is most positively associated with the likelihood of marriage?

education

In _____ relationships, we see the lowest levels of violence

egalitarian

Which of the following relationship factors is most important in predicting marital success

emotional environment

Research has found that couples in satisfied marriages tend to do which of the following?

engage willingly in conflict

In Murstein's stimulus-value-role theory:

exchange is an important element

A marriage between a man and his mother, sister, or daughter violates the principles of:

exogamy

The incest taboo is an enforcement of:

exogamy

Husbands send clearer messages to their wives than wives send to their husbands

false

In power struggles, sexuality can be used to bring couples closer together.

false

Most of the time, women realize how much power they have in their marriages.

false

Nonverbal messages are used to express the basic content of the message

false

Personal space is the same in all cultures

false

The demand-withdraw pattern of communication is effective in egalitarian relationships

false

While forgiveness is good for a relationship, it has no effect on the forgiver's self-esteem

false

Barriers to marriage for low-income unmarried couples with children include which of the following?

financial concerns

Feminists argue our understanding of power is limited by:

focusing only on marital relationships

Jessica does not realize that she has power in her marriage, although she makes decisions about the care-giving forher children and sets the standard for their discipline. This kind of power is referred to as:

gatekeeping

The "marriage squeeze" refers to the:

gender imbalance reflected in the ratio of available unmarried women to men

The likelihood of marriage:

has declined among women without a high school diploma

. Conflicts over housework in a marriage

have both practical and symbolic dimensions

Marriages that are homogamous tend to be more stable than those that are heterogamous because:

homogamous couple may have more approval from relatives

Positive assortative mating is also known as:

homogamy

The tendency to marry others who share our social characteristics is referred to as:

homogamy

Markham found that negativity or positivity of a couple's communication pattern had little impact on their maritalsatisfaction during the first year due to

honeymoon effect

how does parenthood affect marriage?

it leads to a deterioration of marital functioning

Individualized marriages emphasize:

kinship ties

What impact does marital conflict have on children

lower self esteem

Which of the following statements is false regarding touch?

lower-status individuals do not touch people of higher status

Which of the following is a consequence of marital conflict?

male alcohol abuse

which of the following statements about marriage is a myth

marriage changes a person for the better

The tendency for women to marry men of higher status is called the:

marriage gradient

Our set of images about how a marriage should be conducted is called a(an)

marriage paradigm

The boomerang generation mostly affects which marriage stage?

middle-aged marriage

More of the relationship part of a message is expressed

nonverbally

remarital factors which researchers have found to predict later marital happiness and satisfaction include all of the following except:

number of previous dating relationships

Layne watched her parents argue constantly when she was growing up. Now she assumes that marriage is aboutconflict. This illustrates the marital

paradigm

Carr and Springer argue that successful marriages involve all of the following except:

political negotiation

the ability to influence another person or group is

power

According to the text, each of the following is a function of engagement except:

preparing couples for future divorce

Which of the following mental health workers is a licensed medical doctor?

psychiatrist

According to the text, which of the following is considered to be the most difficult topic for couples to discuss?

relationship doubts

Social and psychological issues which typically need to be dealt with during engagement include which of the following?

self-knowledge

If conflicts arise and one partner keeps their feelings to themselves, it is called

self-silencing

Which of the following are true of touch?

sexual behavior relies above almost all else on touch

Which of the following courtship patterns is most likely to lead to satisfying and enduring marriage?

sweet and undramatic courtships

Affiliative humor:

tends to lessen conflict

Marital satisfaction is associated with each of the following except:

the brief that the marriage should always be individualized

The marriage debate refers to the debate about whether:

the family is in decline or dynamic, changing, and resilient.

One of the most common problems with nonverbal communication is:

the imprecision of its message

Which party tends to have the most power in the relationship?

the party with the least interest in continuing the relationship

resource theory fails to explain

the power men continue to enjoy when they have less education than their wives.

​If Jim does not really care whether his wife Francis stays with him or not, he will have the most power in therelationship according to

the principle of least interest

According to ________, the person gaining the most from the relationship is the one who is most dependent.

the relative love and need theory

Endogamy is:

the tendency to choose a mate with similar personal characteristics

According to your text, barriers to communication include which of the following?

traditional male gender role

Agreement to a gift is a way to negotiate the resolution of conflict.

true

Conflict can be beneficial

true

Couples with the greatest degree of agreement have the greatest eye contact with each other.

true

Husbands often believe that they have more power in relationships than they actually do

true

It is common and normal for couples to have disagreements or conflicts

true

One of the most important reasons money is a conflict for couples is because of power issues.

true

One of the problems with nonverbal communication is the imprecision of its message.

true

Self-disclosure before or soon after marriage is related to relationship satisfaction later.

true

Sex can be used as a scapegoat for nonsexual problems

true

The degree of trust in a relationship influences the interpretation of ambiguous messages

true

The relative love and need theory explains power in terms of an individual's involvement and needs in therelationship

true

Too much disclosure can be damaging to a relationship.

true

Traditional male gender roles work against the idea of expressing feelings

true

marriage and family counselors:

typically have a master's degree and additional training to be eligible for state board exams

"I can understand how you feel" is an example of:

validating

Happily married couples display which of the following behaviors?

validation

Carrie is very angry with her husband Doug. If she is like most people, she will handle her anger by _____it.

venting or suppressing

the basic content of a message is expressed:

verbally

which of the following are true regarding widowhood?

widowhood is often associated with financial hardship

The impact of marital stress on physical health seems to be greatest on:

women

Which of the following statements are true regarding gender differences in communication?

​Wives tend to use emotional appeals more than husbands.

the resource theory of power argues that

​as wives' earning power increases, so does their decision-making in the relationship

All of the following are true regarding couples and money except

​dating relationships are good indicators of how couples will deal with money matters in a marriage.