HDFS 2000 Exam 3
Partners must be at least ___ years of age to marry in 49 of the 50 states without parental consent.
18
The Defense of Marriage Act was passed in:
1996
As of the printing of this text, same-sex marriage is allowed in ___states in the US
50
According to researchers, which of the following is not a positive communication strategy?
Avoidance of conflict
Men tend to marry women who are:
Below them in age and education
Which of the following statements is true regarding attitudes about marriage?
The younger you are, the more likely you are to believe marriage is obsolete.
People in which of the following groups are least likely to be married?
african-americans
The most important background factor in shaping marital outcomes is:
age
Conflicts in marital relationships can be resolved through negotiation by which of the following?
agreement as a gift
Which of the following is not a common example of a positive communication strategy?
allowing one partner to always lead in affection
According to the stimulus-value-role theory, in the stimulus stage each person is:
attracted to the other
An example of the mating gradient is a(n):
attractive, older career woman not being able to find a suitable partner
Positive strategies for resolving conflict include all of the following except:
avoidance of the issue
"Alright, let's go eat Mexican food if that's what you want, but it has to be at Amigos," grins Jack. His wife, Alexishas just benefitted from which type of conflict resolution?
bargaining
The physiological functioning of which of the following systems is impacted by marital conflict?
cardiovascular
All of the following are positive ways of resolving conflict except
coercion
Unhappily married couples displayed which of the following behavior patterns?
confrontation
When one partner yells "You're wrong!" and the other, "I only did what I was supposed to do!" it is an example of:
confrontation and defensiveness
lauer and lauer found which of the following to be ingredients for marital success?
consensus on fundamentals such as aims and goals
According to the text, during negative communication interactions, nonverbal acts such as rolling one's eyes inresponse to a statement or complaint made by a spouse can convey:
contempt
Why are you even bringing up this problem now?" is an example of
defensiveness
Every time Tammy tells her husband Michael that she wants to talk about their marriage, Michael either leaves theroom or changes the subject. This type of marital communication is referred to as
demand-withdraw communication
For both men and women which of the following is most positively associated with the likelihood of marriage?
education
In _____ relationships, we see the lowest levels of violence
egalitarian
Which of the following relationship factors is most important in predicting marital success
emotional environment
Research has found that couples in satisfied marriages tend to do which of the following?
engage willingly in conflict
In Murstein's stimulus-value-role theory:
exchange is an important element
A marriage between a man and his mother, sister, or daughter violates the principles of:
exogamy
The incest taboo is an enforcement of:
exogamy
Husbands send clearer messages to their wives than wives send to their husbands
false
In power struggles, sexuality can be used to bring couples closer together.
false
Most of the time, women realize how much power they have in their marriages.
false
Nonverbal messages are used to express the basic content of the message
false
Personal space is the same in all cultures
false
The demand-withdraw pattern of communication is effective in egalitarian relationships
false
While forgiveness is good for a relationship, it has no effect on the forgiver's self-esteem
false
Barriers to marriage for low-income unmarried couples with children include which of the following?
financial concerns
Feminists argue our understanding of power is limited by:
focusing only on marital relationships
Jessica does not realize that she has power in her marriage, although she makes decisions about the care-giving forher children and sets the standard for their discipline. This kind of power is referred to as:
gatekeeping
The "marriage squeeze" refers to the:
gender imbalance reflected in the ratio of available unmarried women to men
The likelihood of marriage:
has declined among women without a high school diploma
. Conflicts over housework in a marriage
have both practical and symbolic dimensions
Marriages that are homogamous tend to be more stable than those that are heterogamous because:
homogamous couple may have more approval from relatives
Positive assortative mating is also known as:
homogamy
The tendency to marry others who share our social characteristics is referred to as:
homogamy
Markham found that negativity or positivity of a couple's communication pattern had little impact on their maritalsatisfaction during the first year due to
honeymoon effect
how does parenthood affect marriage?
it leads to a deterioration of marital functioning
Individualized marriages emphasize:
kinship ties
What impact does marital conflict have on children
lower self esteem
Which of the following statements is false regarding touch?
lower-status individuals do not touch people of higher status
Which of the following is a consequence of marital conflict?
male alcohol abuse
which of the following statements about marriage is a myth
marriage changes a person for the better
The tendency for women to marry men of higher status is called the:
marriage gradient
Our set of images about how a marriage should be conducted is called a(an)
marriage paradigm
The boomerang generation mostly affects which marriage stage?
middle-aged marriage
More of the relationship part of a message is expressed
nonverbally
remarital factors which researchers have found to predict later marital happiness and satisfaction include all of the following except:
number of previous dating relationships
Layne watched her parents argue constantly when she was growing up. Now she assumes that marriage is aboutconflict. This illustrates the marital
paradigm
Carr and Springer argue that successful marriages involve all of the following except:
political negotiation
the ability to influence another person or group is
power
According to the text, each of the following is a function of engagement except:
preparing couples for future divorce
Which of the following mental health workers is a licensed medical doctor?
psychiatrist
According to the text, which of the following is considered to be the most difficult topic for couples to discuss?
relationship doubts
Social and psychological issues which typically need to be dealt with during engagement include which of the following?
self-knowledge
If conflicts arise and one partner keeps their feelings to themselves, it is called
self-silencing
Which of the following are true of touch?
sexual behavior relies above almost all else on touch
Which of the following courtship patterns is most likely to lead to satisfying and enduring marriage?
sweet and undramatic courtships
Affiliative humor:
tends to lessen conflict
Marital satisfaction is associated with each of the following except:
the brief that the marriage should always be individualized
The marriage debate refers to the debate about whether:
the family is in decline or dynamic, changing, and resilient.
One of the most common problems with nonverbal communication is:
the imprecision of its message
Which party tends to have the most power in the relationship?
the party with the least interest in continuing the relationship
resource theory fails to explain
the power men continue to enjoy when they have less education than their wives.
If Jim does not really care whether his wife Francis stays with him or not, he will have the most power in therelationship according to
the principle of least interest
According to ________, the person gaining the most from the relationship is the one who is most dependent.
the relative love and need theory
Endogamy is:
the tendency to choose a mate with similar personal characteristics
According to your text, barriers to communication include which of the following?
traditional male gender role
Agreement to a gift is a way to negotiate the resolution of conflict.
true
Conflict can be beneficial
true
Couples with the greatest degree of agreement have the greatest eye contact with each other.
true
Husbands often believe that they have more power in relationships than they actually do
true
It is common and normal for couples to have disagreements or conflicts
true
One of the most important reasons money is a conflict for couples is because of power issues.
true
One of the problems with nonverbal communication is the imprecision of its message.
true
Self-disclosure before or soon after marriage is related to relationship satisfaction later.
true
Sex can be used as a scapegoat for nonsexual problems
true
The degree of trust in a relationship influences the interpretation of ambiguous messages
true
The relative love and need theory explains power in terms of an individual's involvement and needs in therelationship
true
Too much disclosure can be damaging to a relationship.
true
Traditional male gender roles work against the idea of expressing feelings
true
marriage and family counselors:
typically have a master's degree and additional training to be eligible for state board exams
"I can understand how you feel" is an example of:
validating
Happily married couples display which of the following behaviors?
validation
Carrie is very angry with her husband Doug. If she is like most people, she will handle her anger by _____it.
venting or suppressing
the basic content of a message is expressed:
verbally
which of the following are true regarding widowhood?
widowhood is often associated with financial hardship
The impact of marital stress on physical health seems to be greatest on:
women
Which of the following statements are true regarding gender differences in communication?
Wives tend to use emotional appeals more than husbands.
the resource theory of power argues that
as wives' earning power increases, so does their decision-making in the relationship
All of the following are true regarding couples and money except
dating relationships are good indicators of how couples will deal with money matters in a marriage.
