Health Chapter 2: Drugs and Alcohol
Alcohol is a...
Diuretic
Hallucinogens
Ecstasy (most well known club drug), Acid (LSD), PCP, heightened senses, teeth grinding, dehydration, hallucinations altered perception of time and distance.
Cancer associated with alcohol abuse in the...
Esophagus, stomach, mouth, tongue, liver
CNS Depression can Cause...
Function Depression and even death
Carbon Monoxide
Gas found in in cigarette smoke that binds at oxygen receptor sites in the blood. It reduces the oxygen-carrying capacity of red blood cells, which causes oxygen deprivation in many body tissues.
Cigarettes are...
Most common form of tobacco today
How does smoking increase the risk of having a stroke?
Since smoking increases heart rate, blood pressure, pulse, and respiratory rate, the chances of having a stroke are 2 to 4 times more likely than a nonsmoker.
Depressants
Liquid Ecstasy, xanax, roofies, Alcohol can be a depressant if drank too much, slurred speech, disorientation, drunken behavior, impaired memory, interacts with alcohol (barbiturates, benzodiazepines)
Environmental Tobacco Smoke (ETS) is divided into 2 categories...
Mainstream and Sidestream
Explain why ETS is a health hazard?
Mainstream and side stream are both very hazardous. Mainstream the smoke is being inhaled through the inhaled tobacco and all the effects of tobacco are effecting the body. But, side stream is just as bad because the secondhand smoke is known as a carcinogen, which is a cancer causing chemical. People who breathe in second hand smoke still have increased risks of lower respiratory tract infections and other illnesses such as asthma, chest colds, decrease in academic performance, decrease in pulmonary performance, and cognitive ability.
Cardiovascular effects
Moderate alcohol use (no more than two drinks a day) is associated with a reduced risk of coronary artery disease. With moderate alcohol use, there is an increase in HDL.
Leukoplakia
a white leathery patch inside the mouth, is a precursor to oral cancer.
Lung Cancer
a. Lung cancer takes from 10 to 30 years to develop, has a 5-year survival rate of 17 percent, and risk depends on the following: i. Number of cigarettes smoked per day ii. When you started smoking iii. How deeply you inhale
Addicting Drugs can...
activate the brain's pleasure circuit
Long Term effects of Tobacco...
addiction/nicotine craving, stained fingers/wrinkling, increased risk of gum disease, oral cancer, cavity, throat, and larynx, stained teeth, increased risk of colds, flu, asthma, lung cancer, emphysema, lung disease, increased risks of strokes and heart disease, atherosclerosis, increased risk of impotence, infertility, miscarriage, still birth, and low birth weights.
Inhalation
administration of drugs through the respiratory tract, via sniffing, smoking, inhaling, this is the fastest route
What ages have the highest percent of smokers?
ages 25-44 with 24% smokers
Involuntary Smokers
aka Passive smokers, breathe less smoke than smokers but are still exposed to dangerous chemicals.
Chewing Tobacco
contains tobacco leaves treated with molasses and other flavorings and comes in forms of loose leaf, plug, or in a pouch.
Smoking less than a pack a week shows...
damage to blood vessels and increased risk of heart disease and cancer.
Filtered Cigarettes
designed to reduce levels of gases consumed, but they may deliver more hazardous gases than nonfiltered brands.
Chronic Bronchitis
develops when smoking causes inflammation in the lungs, producing excess mucus, which causes a chronic, hacking cough.
Prescription Drugs
drugs that can be obtained only by a person with a written prescription by a licensed physician
Over the Counter Drugs (OTC)
drugs that can be purchased without a prescription, can be misused (sleep pills, diet pills, cold medicines, caffeine/energy drinks)
Stimulants
drugs that increase activity of the central nervous system (cocaine, amphetamine, bath salts, caffeine) , decrease blood sugar level/appetite
Drug Abuse
excessive use of any drug
Fatty Liver
first stage of liver damage from heavy drinking
Recreational Drugs
generally includes alcohol, tobacco, and caffeine
Illicit or Illegal Drugs
harmful, psychoactive, and have laws governing them
Narcotics (opioids)
heroin, morphine, codeine, state of euphoria drowsiness, respiratory depression, constricted pupils, nausea
Herbal Preparations
includes teas and preparations of botanical origin believed to have medicinal properties
Social Smoking can...
increase the risk of heart disease, cancer, and other tobacco-related health dangers.
Transdermal
induces a chemical into the body through the skin (ex. nicotine patches)
Other Effects
inflammation of the Pancreas, decreased enzyme production, block the absorption of nutrients
Suppositories
introduced into the body through the anus or vagina
Injection
involves use of hypodermic needle to introduce a drug into the muscles, bloodstream, or under the skin
Inhalants
laughing gas, paint, hairspray, lighter fluid, hypotension, flushing of face, headache, impaired memory, slurred speech, drunk behavior, organ damage
Short Term effects of Tobacco...
lightheadedness, aroused mental state, dulls sense of smell/taste, increased respiratory rate, increased pulse and blood pressure, increased blood sugar levels, increased adrenaline, suppresses appetite, includes fatigue muscles.
Dehydration can occur due to...
loss of water from cerebrospinal fluid
Immune System can be effected by alcohol by...
lowering your white blood cell count
Central Nervous System
most Immediate and Dramatic effects of Alcohol consumption occur within
Reasons People smoke...
most common is addiction, as a result of targeted advertising, limited education, behavioral dependence, weight control, genetics, parental role models, mental disorders, and stress.
Cirrhosis
most common liver disease related to alcohol abuse, which is among the top 10 causes of death in the US
Oral Ingestion
most common route, affects may not be felt until 30 minutes after ingestion, one of the slower routes of absorption
Cocaine
most powerful naturally occurring stimulant (opioid)
Prescription drugs most commonly abused are...
opioids/narcotics, depressants, stimulants
Other cancers from tobacco include...
pancreatic cancer, cancers of the lip, tongue, salivary glands, and esophagus; and cancer of the kidney, bladder, and larynx.
Sleep with alcohol effects
people have trouble falling asleep and staying asleep, people with insomnia are more likely to become alcohol abusers
Commercial Preparations
perfumes, cosmetics, household cleaners, paints, glues, least commonly recognized chemical substances
Steroids
testosterone, anadrol, aggressive behavior, acne, edema
Nicotine
the major psychoactive substance in tobacco that is highly addictive, it is a powerful central nervous system stimulant, which produces many physiological effects. Produces an aroused alert mental state in the cerebral cortex. increases adrenaline. Increases heart and respiratory rate. Increases blood pressure.
Platelet Adhesiveness
the stickiness of red blood cells, which increases the risk of blood clots.
Drug Misuse
the use of a drug for a purpose for which it was not intended
Tar
think brownish sludge produced from particular matter in smoked tobacco
Amphetamines
a large and varied group of synthetic agents that stimulate the central nervous system
A Standard Drink
0.6 fluid ounces
Respiratory Effects
1/3 more likely to miss work due to respiratory issues, 25 times more likely to die of lung conditions than nonsmokers.
Cardiovascular Disease associated with tobacco...
1/3 of tobacco deaths occur from a heart disease. Smoking ages the arteries and increases the development of atherosclerosis by 50 percent compared to nonsmokers.
Cigs contribute to...
1200 deaths from cancer, cardiovascular disease, and respiratory disorders.
Men and Women percentages of Tobacco use...
18.8% men, 14.8% women
Smokers are how many more times likely to have a stroke?
2 to 4 times more likely than nonsmokers
Oral Cancer
48,000 cases of oral cancer in 2016
How many Americans use Prescription drugs incorrectly?
6.5 Million Americans 12 and older have used prescription drugs non medically in the past month
How many Americans use tobacco products...
70 million ages 12 and up have used in the past month
Smoking delivers...
7000 chemical substances into the lungs, including 69 carcinogens (cancer causing agents)
Indigestion and Heart Burn can occur if...
Alcohol is consumed on an empty stomach
Cigars
Cigars have higher levels of carcinogens, more tar per gram of tobacco smoked, and higher levels of toxins than do cigarettes.
Pipe and Hookah
Pipe smoking carries with it similar risks to cigar smoking. Hookahs also pose harmful risks when used for smoking, as well as hygiene and sanitation concerns.
Six types of Drugs...
Prescription, over the counter, recreational drugs, herbal preparations, illicit or illegal drugs, and commercial preparations
Physiological Reasons Smoking may lead to weight loss or weight control?
Smoking suppresses appetite so it makes you feel like you are not hungry, therefore eating less so you are losing weight.
Prescription drug use is common in...
Teens and young adults
Cancer from cigs...
The American Cancer Society estimates that smoking causes 90 percent of lung cancers in men and 78 percent in women.
Emphysema
a chronic condition where alveoli are destroyed, impairing the lungs' ability to take in and distribute oxygen. Because of the difficulty in obtaining oxygen, a person with this will expend 80 percent of their energy just breathing
Snuff
a finely ground form of tobacco, can be inhaled, chewed, or placed inside the gums.
Psychoactive Drugs...
alter the way pleasure center works by affecting chemical neurotransmission, either enhancing it, suppressing it, or interfering with it, alter mood and behavior from affecting brain chemistry.
Clove Cigarettes
are about 60 percent tobacco and are higher in tar, nicotine, and carbon monoxide than regular cigarettes. They also contain eugenol, which allows deeper inhalation and thereby increasing risk. The same effect is true of menthol cigarettes.
E-Cigs
battery-operated devises designed to deliver nicotine with flavorings and other chemicals to users as vapor instead of smoke.
Sidestream
refers to smoke inhaled from a burning cigarette—also called secondhand smoke. Secondhand smoke has been designated as a known carcinogen by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). have a greater risk of lower respiratory tract infections and other illnesses, such as asthma, chest colds, and decrease in pulmonary performance. affects not only children's physical health but also their cognitive abilities and academic success.
Mainstream
refers to the smoke drawn through tobacco while inhaling.
Alcoholic Hepatitis
serious condition prolonged from alcohol abuse, can lead to cirrhosis or fatal itself
Routes of Administration
several ways drugs can be taken into the body, oral ingestion, inhalation, injection, transdermal, suppositories, snorting
Long term Effects of Alcohol include...
shrinkage in brain size and weight loss of some degree of intellectual ability
Cannabis (marijuana)
state of euphoria, relaxed inhibitions, increased appetite, disorientation (THC)
Nicotine Poisoning
symptoms often experienced by new smokers that includes dizziness, diarrhea, lightheadedness, rapid and erratic pulse, clammy skin, nausea and vomiting.
Club Drugs
synthetic analogs of existing illicit drugs popular at night clubs and night parties
Fibrosis
when liver cells are replaced by scar tissue, is a further stage of deterioration
Dipping
where the tobacco is placed between the lower lip and teeth to stimulate the flow of saliva and release the nicotine.