Heat and energy

Which statement best explains why engineers leave space between sections when building a bridge? A. A bridge without spaces will expand during a hot day and possibly crack. B. A bridge without spaces will expand during a cold day and possibly crack. C. A bridge without spaces will contract during a hot day and possibly crack. D. A bridge without spaces will contract during a cold day and possibly crack.

A. A bridge without spaces will expand during a hot day and possibly crack.

Clarissa wants to determine the best material to make a new type of cookware. What type of material should she choose? A. A material that conduct heats evenly. B. A material that can be easily bent into shape. C. A material that does not transmit electricity. D. A material that will remain cool to the touch.

A. A material that conduct heats evenly.

Which best explains how Earth's climate is impacted by convection? A. Convection helps move thermal energy around the Earth. B. Convection helps cool the Earth and the atmosphere around it. C. Convection continuously pumps cool energy through the oceans. D. Convection stops the flow of cool air and maintains warm weather.

A. Convection helps move thermal energy around the Earth.

What is the original source of most of the energy that people use? A. Energy that reaches Earth's surface by radiation from the Sun. B. Energy that reaches Earth's surface by convection from the Sun. C. Energy that reaches Earth's surface by radiation from Earth's core. D. Energy that reaches Earth's surface by conduction from Earth's core.

A. Energy that reaches Earth's surface by radiation from the Sun.

In art class, the students watch a video about creating glass art. Which statement best describes how glass is shaped into a vase? A. Glass is melted and is more flexible to shape. B. Glass is frozen and is more flexible to shape. C. Glass is melted and is less flexible to shape. D. Glass is frozen and is less flexible to shape.

A. Glass is melted and is more flexible to shape.

Which best explains why a blacksmith must heat iron before shaping it? A. Heating iron makes it softer. B. Heating iron makes it harder. C. Heating iron changes its color. D. Heating iron changes its texture.

A. Heating iron makes it softer.

Which shows an example of convection? A. Jose cooks an egg in a pot of boiling water. B. Clara burns her hand by touching a light bulb. C. Lucy wraps herself in an electric blanket to keep warm. D. Ben holds the end of a metal rod in fire to cook hot dogs.

A. Jose cooks an egg in a pot of boiling water.

Which best describesthe purpose of the metal coils inside an oven? A. Metal heats easily, allowing for food to be cooked. B. Metal cools quickly, allowing for food to cool down. C. Metal absorbs heat from the food, which cools food down once it is cooked. D.Metal absorbs heat from the food, which keeps the food warm once it is cooked.

A. Metal heats easily, allowing for food to be cooked.

Which best explains why a hot air balloon floats? A. The heated air expands to fill the balloon. The air in the balloon is now lighter than the surrounding air, causing the balloon to rise. B. The heated air expands to fill the balloon. The air in the balloon is now heavier than the surrounding air, causing the balloon to rise. C. The heated air contracts to fill the balloon. The air in the balloon is now denser than the surrounding air, causing the balloon to rise. D. The heated air contracts to fill the balloon. The air in the balloon is now lighter than the surrounding air, causing the balloon to rise.

A. The heated air expands to fill the balloon. The air in the balloon is now lighter than the surrounding air, causing the balloon to rise.

When Joey put the milk away, he accidently put it in the freezer. The next morning he tried to pour milk on his cereal and realized his mistake. Which statement best explains what happened to the milk? A. The milk had frozen and became a solid. B.The milk had frozen and became a vapor. C.The milk had evaporated and became a solid. D. The milk had evaporated and became a vapor.

A. The milk had frozen and became a solid.

Which will most likely occur when a raw egg is placed on black pavement on a hot, summer day? A. The pavement will conduct the heat and cook the egg. B.The egg will reflect the heat and make the pavement hotter underneath. C. The egg will absorb the heat and leave the pavement hotter underneath. D. The pavement will absorb the heat from the egg, and the egg will stay raw.

A. The pavement will conduct the heat and cook the egg.

Ice cubes are placed in a glass of water that is at room temperature. Which statement best describes the temperature of the water after 10 minutes? A. The temperature decreases because some of the water's heat is lost to the ice. B. The temperature decreases because some of the ice's heat is lost to the water. C. The temperature increases because some of the coolness of the water is absorbed by the ice. D.The temperature increases because some of the coolness of the ice is absorbed by the water.

A. The temperature decreases because some of the water's heat is lost to the ice.

Alex and Jade are conducting an experiment to measure how the sun affects the evaporation of water. Alex places 50mL of water in the shade. Jade places 50mL of water in direct sunlight. What will the students most likely observe? A. The water in the sun will be warmer, causing the water to evaporate more quickly. B. The water in the shade will be cooler, causing the water to evaporate more quickly. C. The water in the shade will be warmer, causing the water to evaporate more slowly. D. The water in the sun will be cooler, causing the water to evaporate more slowly.

A. The water in the sun will be warmer, causing the water to evaporate more quickly.

Why should Ann leave space at the top of her plastic bottle when filling with water and then freezing it overnight? A. Water expands when frozen, so the water will need more space. B. Water contracts when frozen, so the water will need more space. C. Plastic contracts when frozen, so the water will need more space. D. Plastic expands when frozen, so the water will need more space.

A. Water expands when frozen, so the water will need more space.

Glass does not melt easily. Which is the best example of a practical use for glass that takes advantage of this characteristic? A. a candle in a glass container B. a car windshield made of glass C. a greenhouse made of glass D. a house door made of glass

A. a candle in a glass container

Alex is using a plastic material that resists heating up. Which is Alex most likely creating? A. a handle for a pan, because it will keep a person's hand from burning B. a stove, because it uses materials that need to heat to high temperatures C. a light bulb, because it uses electricity to heat the inside wire and create light D. a toaster, because the coils inside a toaster need to radiate heat to warm the food

A. a handle for a pan, because it will keep a person's hand from burning

Which is an example of conduction? A. Steam is rising from a cup of hot coffee. B. A hot biscuit is warming the plate it is on. C. The sun is shining through a window and warming a table.

B. A hot biscuit is warming the plate it is on.

Water is being boiled on the stove. What is the change that is taking place? A. A solid is changing into a gas. B. A liquid is changing into a gas. C. A solid is changing into a liquid.

B. A liquid is changing into a gas.

Tina is boiling water in a metal pot for a weather experiment. What is most likelythe reason she would need to use a pot holder for moving the metal pot? A. Radiation causes the pot to be hot. B. Conduction causes the pot to be hot. C. Convection causes the pot to be hot. D. Transpiration causes the pot to be hot.

B. Conduction causes the pot to be hot.

Which best describes how heat is transferred? A.Heat only flows within individual substances. B. Heat flows from a warmer substance to a cooler substance. C. Heat flows from a cooler substance to a warmer substance. D. Heat flows in many different directions between substances.

B. Heat flows from a warmer substance to a cooler substance.

Why does an ice cube melt when dropped into hot liquid? A. The liquid absorbs heat from the ice. B. Heat from the liquid transfers to the ice. C. Heat from the ice transfers to the liquid. D. Cold from the ice transfers into the liquid.

B. Heat from the liquid transfers to the ice.

Billy's mom is having a hard time opening a jar of jelly. Billy tells his mom to hold the jar lid under water for a short period of time. Which best explains the water temperature Billy's mom should use and why this would help? A. Hot water warms the lid and causes it to contract, making it easier to open. B. Hot water warms the lid and causes it to expand, making it easier to open. C. Cold water cools the lid and causes it to contract, making it easier to open. D. Cold water cools the lid and causes it to expand, making it easier to open.

B. Hot water warms the lid and causes it to expand, making it easier to open.

Which best explainswhy a refrigerator is usually not made completely out of metal? A. Metal will not transfer heat, which allows the refrigerator to remain cool. B. Metal easily transfers heat, which would warm the inside of the refrigerator. C. Metal would heat up quickly on the outside, making the door too hot to touch. D. Metal cools quickly, causing the refrigerator to be too cold and freeze the food inside.

B. Metal easily transfers heat, which would warm the inside of the refrigerator.

Manuel was having trouble opening a new glass jar of pickles. His father told Manuel to hold the metal lid of the jar under running hot water for a few seconds, then try again. Then the lid opened easily. What is the MOST likely reason Manuel's father suggested using hot water to loosen the lid? A. Glass contracts when it is heated B. Metals expand when they are heated. C. Metals are easier to grip when they are warm. D. Hot water reduces friction between metal and glass.

B. Metals expand when they are heated.

Eric sells ice cream at his mom's yard sale, but he notices that the ice cream melts too fast. Which is the best way to slow the melting? A. Place the ice cream in the sun. B. Place the ice cream in a cooler. C. Place the ice cream near a fan. D. Place the ice cream under a tent.

B. Place the ice cream in a cooler.

Which best explains why most pot handles are made of plastic? A. Plastic conducts heat and stays cool. B. Plastic does not conduct heat and stays cool. C. Plastic does not radiate heat and warms up.

B. Plastic does not conduct heat and stays cool.

Tires for cars, bicycles and lawn mowers are made of rubber. Which best explains why tires are made of rubber? A. Rubber can be dyed many different colors. B. Rubber can withstand heat caused by friction. C. Rubber can be molded into many different shapes.

B. Rubber can withstand heat caused by friction.

Sandra washed her hair. She dried it with warm air from a blow dryer before going to school. Sandra washed her hair. She dried it with warm air from a blow dryer before going to school. A. The blow dryer used electricity. B. The blow dryer transferred heat. C. The blow dryer created sound waves. D. The blow dryer used mechanical energy.

B. The blow dryer transferred heat.

What best explains why hot air rises above a dark parking lot? A. The dark parking lot heats up the air. The hot air rises by conduction. B. The dark parking lot heats up the air. The hot air rises by convection. C. The dark parking lot heats up the air. The hot air rises by insulation. D. The dark parking lot heats up the air. The hot air rises by radiation.

B. The dark parking lot heats up the air. The hot air rises by convection.

Which best explains how ice melts in a person's hand? A. The heat from a person's hand transfers by radiation to the ice, causing it to melt. B. The heat from a person's hand transfers by conduction to the ice, causing it to melt. C. The cool temperature of the ice transfers by radiation to a person's hand, cooling it off. D. The cool temperature of the ice transfers by conduction to a person's hand, cooling it off.

B. The heat from a person's hand transfers by conduction to the ice, causing it to melt.

A cold metal spoon is placed in a bowl of hot soup. Which best describes how the spoon is affected? A. The heat from the soup does not affect the temperature of the spoon. B. The heat from the soup is conducted through the spoon, making the spoon warmer. C. The cold air in the room radiates into the soup, cooling it, and keeping the spoon cool. D. The cold from the spoon is conducted into the soup, causing the soup to cool to the same temperature as the spoon.

B. The heat from the soup is conducted through the spoon, making the spoon warmer.

A girl is heating soup. As she stirs the soup with a metal spoon, the spoon becomes hot and burns her hand. Why does the spoon burn the girl's hand? A. The heat from the soup is radiated through the spoon. B. The heat from the soup is conducted through the spoon. C. The warmth of the girl's hand is radiated into the spoon. D. The warmth of the girl's hand is conducted into the spoon.

B. The heat from the soup is conducted through the spoon.

Aliyah is boiling water on a stove. When she touches the handle of the pot, she notices it is hot. What is most likely the reason the handle is hot? A. The heat from the stove is carried into the pot's metal handle through radiation. B. The heat from the stove is carried into the pot's metal handle through conduction. C. The heat from the stove is carried into the pot's metal handle through convection. D. The heat from the stove is carried into the pot's metal handle through transpiration.

B. The heat from the stove is carried into the pot's metal handle through conduction.

A student is trying to open a jar with a metal lid. The lid of the jar is very tight, and the student is not able to open it. The student puts the jar and lid under hot water, and then attempts to open it. The lid easily opens. Which best explains why the lid was easy to open after putting it under hot water? A. The hot water melted the glue that was holding the lid shut, making it easier to open. B. The hot water expanded the metal lid of the jar, making it easier to open. C. The hot water caused the jar to contract, making the lid easier to open. D.The hot water made it easier for the student to get a grip on the jar, so it was easier to open.

B. The hot water expanded the metal lid of the jar, making it easier to open.

Michelle wants to roast marshmallows over a fire. Which best explains how this process happens? A. The warmth of the fire is conducted into the marshmallow. B. The warmth of the fire is radiated into the marshmallow. C. The coolness of the marshmallow is conducted into the fire. D. The coolness of the marshmallow is radiated into the fire.

B. The warmth of the fire is radiated into the marshmallow.

Pam likes to make sun tea by placing a tea bag in a small glass of water on the front porch. Which best explains why she could have problems making sun tea in January? A.The water might boil. B. The water might freeze. C. The tea bag might burst. D.The tea bag might evaporate.

B. The water might freeze.

What conditions are necessary for heat conduction to occur between two objects? A. The objects must be surrounded by air or water. B. Two objects at different temperatures are touching one another. C. Two objects at different temperatures are located close to one another. D. One object must emit energy as light and heat and another object absorbs the energy.

B. Two objects at different temperatures are touching one another.

Which best explains why a full glass bottle of water should not be stored in a freezer? A. The temperature of the freezer will make the water too cold. B. Water expands when it freezes, which could break the bottle. C. Water contracts when it freezes, which could break the bottle. D. The temperature of the freezer will not make the water cold enough.

B. Water expands when it freezes, which could break the bottle.

Which best explains why there are gaps between the concrete sidewalks? A.When temperatures get cold, the gaps allow the concrete to expand without cracking. B. When temperatures get hot, the gaps allow the concrete to expand without cracking. C. When temperatures get cold, the gaps allow the concrete to contract without cracking. D. When temperatures get hot, the gaps allow the concrete to contract without cracking.

B. When temperatures get hot, the gaps allow the concrete to expand without cracking.

Which best describesthe process of conduction? A. When two objects touch, the heat is transferred into the air. B. When two objects touch, the heat from the hotter object is transferred to the cooler object. C. When two objects touch, the cool air from the cooler object is transferred to the hotter object.

B. When two objects touch, the heat from the hotter object is transferred to the cooler object.

An engineer can choose from four different materials to make a heat-resistant handle for a stirring spoon. Which material is LEAST likely to get hot when the spoon is placed in boiling water? A. Ceramic B. Wood C. Glass D. Iron

B. Wood

Which is an example of heat being transferred by conduction? A. a furnace heating the air in a school B. an ice cube melting in a person's hand C. a pot of water on a stove boiling D. the sun heating water in a swimming pool

B. an ice cube melting in a person's hand

A small ice cube at a temperature of 0°C is dropped into a glass of water at 28°C and melts. What is the temperature of the water in the glass just after the ice cube melts? A. 0°C B. between 0°C and 28°C C. 28°C D. greater than 28°C

B. between 0°C and 28°C

A boy touches a stove and gets burned. What transfer of heat caused his hand to get burned? A. radiation B. conduction C. convection D. combustion

B. conduction

Joe is cooking dinner on the stove. When he picks up the pan by the handle, he burns his hand. Which form of heat transfer caused Joe to burn his hand? A.radiation B. conduction C. convection

B. conduction

Mrs. Warren's class is learning about heat transfer. Her class observes a pot of boiling water and describes the process. The students note that as the water at the bottom heats up, it rises. The cool water at the top falls, and the cycle continues. Which best describes the process the students are observing? A. conduction B. convection C. radiation D. transformation

B. convection

Which best describes the transfer of heat due to the movement of gases or liquids? A. radiation B. convection C. evaporation D. condensation

B. convection

Which is most responsible for the uneven heating of the air in the atmosphere? A. radiation B. convection C. conduction D. condensation

B. convection

Jack needs soft butter to make cookies. Which is the best place to leave the butter so that it will soften? A. freezer B. counter top C. refrigerator

B. counter top

Which best describes the flow of heat? A. from a larger object to a smaller object B. from a warmer object to a cooler object C. from a cooler object to a warmer object

B. from a warmer object to a cooler object

Which would make the best roof material for a miniature solar oven used to cook meat? A. cement B. glass C. paper D. wood

B. glass

185.Which would be the best way to change a solid to a liquid? A.freeze it B. heat it C. heat it, then freeze it D. freeze it, then heat it

B. heat it

55. Which is an example of heat transfer by convection? A. a glowing light bulb B. heating the atmosphere C. cooking using a microwave oven D. heating a piece of metal in a flame

B. heating the atmosphere

Which material would be the best choice for a cooking tool to be used when grilling food over a fire? A. plastic B. metal C. paper D. wood

B. metal

Which is the best example of heat transfer by convection? A. frying bacon in a pan B. sea breeze at the beach C. melting ice in your hand D. burning your finger on the stove

B. sea breeze at the beach

47. Which is the best example of heat transfer through radiation? A.heating soup in a pot on the stove B. standing by a campfire to get warm on a chilly night C. burning your hand when touching a hot pan on the stove D. not getting burned when touching a wooden spoon that has been in a hot pan

B. standing by a campfire to get warm on a chilly night

Which best explains why a hot air balloon rises into the air? A. As the air is cooled, it becomes more dense and the balloon rises. B. As the air is cooled, it becomes less dense and the balloon rises. C. As the air is heated, it becomes less dense and the balloon rises.

C. As the air is heated, it becomes less dense and the balloon rises.

Why are fireplaces typically made of either brick or metal? A.Brick and metal are unaffected by heat. B. Brick and metal will remain cool during a fire. C. Brick and metal are able to withstand high heat. D.Brick and metal are able to cool quickly when the fire is out.

C. Brick and metal are able to withstand high heat.

Anya placed an ice cube on the sidewalk on a warm day. The ice cube soon melted to form a puddle. What process caused the ice cube to melt? A.Heat transferred through the ice cube by convection. B. Heat transferred from the air to the ice cube by radiation. C. Heat transferred from the air and the pavement by conduction. D. Heat transferred through the ice cube into the pavement by conduction.

C. Heat transferred from the air and the pavement by conduction.

Tom puts a metallic cover over his car's windshield after parking. How does this control the sun's rays during a sunny day? A. It prevents heat energy from leaving the car. B. It controls the temperature by providing shade. C. It reflects the sun's rays away from the windshield. D. It absorbs heat in the windshield protector and cools the car.

C. It reflects the sun's rays away from the windshield.

Kayla has a wooden rod, a steel rod, and a glass rod. How could she compare the materials to find out which transfers thermal energy BEST? A. Submerge each rod in ice water to find out which loses the most heat. B. Place the three rods in a freezer to find out which becomes the coldest. C. Place one end of each rod in very hot water to find out which becomes hot the fastest. D. Place the rods on a table in a warm room and find out which feels warmest after a period of time.

C. Place one end of each rod in very hot water to find out which becomes hot the fastest.

Handles on metal pans are often coated with plastic. What is the most likelyreason for this? A. Plastic is a good conductor of heat. B. Metal is a poor conductor of heat. C. Plastic is a poor conductor of heat. D. Metal and plastic are good conductors of heat.

C. Plastic is a poor conductor of heat.

Which best explains why stainless steel is a good choice as a material to use when making pots and pans? A. Stainless steel is a good insulator. B. Stainless steel is a poor conductor of heat. C. Stainless steel is a good conductor of heat.

C. Stainless steel is a good conductor of heat.

58. Jake is wearing gloves while he gets a hot pan out of the oven. Which bestexplains why Jake needs to wear gloves while he is carrying the hot pan? A. The gloves protect his hands from convection heat in the hot pan. B.The gloves protect his hands from heat that is radiated through the hot pan. C. The gloves protect his hands from heat that is conducted through the hot pan. D. The gloves protect his hands from heat that enters the pan from the surrounding air.

C. The gloves protect his hands from heat that is conducted through the hot pan.

A student places a cup of cold water on a counter in a hot room. After a short time, the student notices that the water in the cup is no longer cold. Which best explains why the water in the cup is no longer cold? A. The coldness of the water transferred to the air, making the water in the cup warmer. B. The coldness of the water was conducted to the cup, making the water in the cup warmer. C. The heat from the air transferred to the water in the cup, making the water in the cup warmer. D. The heat from the air caused the cold water in the cup to condense, making the water warmer.

C. The heat from the air transferred to the water in the cup, making the water in the cup warmer.

Kelly was sunburned at the beach, and her mother applied lotion to the burn. Why did this make her sunburn feel better? A. The coolness from the lotion was conducted into the burn. B. The coolness from the lotion was radiated into the burn. C. The heat from the burn was conducted into the lotion. D. The heat from the burn was radiated into the lotion.

C. The heat from the burn was conducted into the lotion.

Jill notices that her skin gets burned when she sits out in the sun. What best explains why this happens? A. The soil is convecting heat into the air. B. The heat from the sun is being conducted to the Earth. C. The heat from the sun is radiating down to Earth's surface.

C. The heat from the sun is radiating down to Earth's surface.

Why would aluminum foil be a good choice to wrap food that needs to be kept cool outside? A.The properties of the foil absorb the heat out of the food. B. The properties of the foil reflect the temperature of the food back on itself. C. The shiny surface of the foil reflects the heat of the sun and helps to keep some heat out. D.The shiny surface of the foil absorbs the heat of the sun but keeps it away from the food.

C. The shiny surface of the foil reflects the heat of the sun and helps to keep some heat out.

Molly notices hot sparks rising from a campfire. She knows the sparks are hot, because they are red. Which best explains the hot sparks rising? A. The sparks are rising due to radiated heat. B. The sparks are rising due to heat being conducted. C. The sparks are rising, and heat rises, proving this is convection. D. The sparks are rising to replace warm air, so the sparks are convecting heat.

C. The sparks are rising, and heat rises, proving this is convection.

Which of the following is an example of radiation? A. Macaroni moving around in a pot of boiling water. B. Steam rising from a boiling pot of grits being cooked. C. The sun shining through a window and warming a table.

C. The sun shining through a window and warming a table.

Jack placed his wooden baseball bat in the sun. The bat cracked open along the center. What is the most likely reason for this happening? A.The wooden bat cools in the sun. B. The wooden bat evaporates in the sun. C. The sun's heat causes the wooden bat to expand. D. The sun's heat causes the wooden bat to contract.

C. The sun's heat causes the wooden bat to expand.

A pot of water is placed on a stove. The water begins to boil rapidly. Which explains why the water is boiling faster? A. The cooler water is rising in the pot to replace the warmer water on top through the process of radiation. B. The warm water is rising in the pot to replace the cooler water on top through the process of radiation. C. The warm water is rising in the pot to replace the cooler water on top through the process of convection. D. The cooler water is rising in the pot to replace the warmer water on top through the process of convection.

C. The warm water is rising in the pot to replace the cooler water on top through the process of convection.

Jordan places a hot spoon into a container of ice cream. How does this help him scoop out the ice cream? A. The coolness from the ice cream is conducted to the spoon making it easier to scoop out. B. The coolness from the ice cream is radiated to the spoon making it easier to scoop out. C. The warmth of the spoon is conducted to the ice cream making it easier to scoop out. D. The warmth of the spoon is radiated to the ice cream making it easier to scoop out.

C. The warmth of the spoon is conducted to the ice cream making it easier to scoop out.

Joe is spreading butter on a piece of toast. Which type of butter would Joe most likely use? A. butter from the oven B. butter from the freezer C. butter from the counter top D. butter from the refrigerator

C. butter from the counter top

53. On a hot summer day, a student dropped an ice cube onto a park bench. Within minutes, the ice cube melted. Which best describes the process the student observed? A. radiation B. combustion C. conduction D. convection

C. conduction

Which is an example of radiated heat for cooking? A. cooking a pot of soup B. scrambling eggs on the stove C. grilling hot dogs over a campfire D. frying hamburgers in a frying pan

C. grilling hot dogs over a campfire

Most oils do not freeze at normal winter temperatures. Which is the best example of a practical use for oil that has this characteristic? A. baby oil B. olive oil C. motor oil D.tanning oil

C. motor oil

Lucy made an ice cream cake for a class party. She needs to store it on ice in a container until the party. Which material would be best to use as a storage container? A.glass B. metal C. plastic

C. plastic

Sunshine City wants to lower heat by paving the sidewalks. Which pavement is mostlikely a good choice? A. black pavement because it absorbs heat B.black pavement because it reflects heat C. white pavement because it reflects heat D. white pavement because it absorbs heat

C. white pavement because it reflects heat

Sue is building a bike with a metal frame in a warm, sunny area. Which material would be best for Sue to use for the grips on the handlebars so that her hands do not get too hot? A. silver metal, because silver reflects heat, and metal conducts heat B. black metal, because black absorbs heat from the sun, and metal does not conduct heat C. white rubber, because white reflects heat, and the rubber does not heat up quickly D. black rubber, because black reflects heat from the sun, and rubber does not conduct heat

C. white rubber, because white reflects heat, and the rubber does not heat up quickly

What happens when heat is removed from a substance? A.It melts. B. It dissolves. C.It condenses. D. It evaporates.

C.It condenses.

On very hot days, animals will often find a patch of dirt on the ground to lay in to keep cool. Which best explains how laying on the ground and dirt keeps the animal cool? A. The coolness from the ground is transferred to the animals body, lowering the animals body temperature. B. Dirt on the ground protects the animal from the heat in the air, lowering the animal's body temperature. C. The animal's body temperature does not change, but the dirt makes the animal feel cooler. D. Heat from the animals body is transferred to the ground, lowering the animal's body temperature.

D. Heat from the animals body is transferred to the ground, lowering the animal's body temperature.

Although the heat source is at the bottom of the beaker, all of the water is the same temperature. What keeps the water at the top of the beaker the same temperature as that of the bottom? A. Heat from the burner radiates through the liquid and causes even heating. B. Evaporation heats the water at the top and the flame heats the water at the bottom. C. The walls of the beaker reflect heat toward the center, so the water heats evenly. D. Heated water molecules and steam rise in the beaker, carrying heat by convection.

D. Heated water molecules and steam rise in the beaker, carrying heat by convection.

Mr. Olivares drinks coffee on his way to work. Today, he poured it into a metal travel mug instead of a paper cup. What will he most likely notice about the temperature of his coffee when he gets to work? A.His coffee will be colder, because the mug is taller. B. His coffee will still be hot, because the mug is taller. C. His coffee will be colder, because the mug is metallic. D. His coffee will still be hot, because the mug is metallic.

D. His coffee will still be hot, because the mug is metallic.

How does radiation compare to conduction? A. Radiation is heat transfer through liquid, and conduction is heat transfer through air. B. Radiation is heat transfer through materials touching, and conduction is heat transfer through air. C. Radiation is heat transfer through air, and conduction is heat transfer through liquid. D. Radiation is heat transfer through air, and conduction is heat transfer through materials touching.

D. Radiation is heat transfer through air, and conduction is heat transfer through materials touching.

Joann fries an egg each morning in a metal frying pan with a rubber-coated handle. Which best explains why the handle of the frying pan is coated with rubber? A. Rubber makes the pan lighter. B.Rubber makes the pan prettier. C. Rubber is cheap to manufacture. D. Rubber is a poor conductor of heat.

D. Rubber is a poor conductor of heat.

What causes your skin to feel warm when it is in the sun on a summer day? A. Particles in the atmosphere reflect energy from the Sun downward. B. Hot particles from the Sun still carry some heat when they reach your skin. C. The solar wind carries heated air from the Sun's atmosphere to Earth's surface. D. The Sun radiates energy that passes through space and the atmosphere to your skin.

D. The Sun radiates energy that passes through space and the atmosphere to your skin.

54. In what way is roasting a hot dog over a fire an example of the transfer of heat that occurs during radiation? A. Heat circulates from the bottom of the fire up. B. The fire touches the hot dog directly and cooks it. C. Electricity from the fire is transferred to the hot dog. D. The heat from the fire is transferred to the hot dog to warm it.

D. The heat from the fire is transferred to the hot dog to warm it.

People sitting around a campfire are able to feel the heat from the fire. How are the people able to feel the heat from the fire without touching the fire? A. The heat from the fire travels through the ground and heats the ground around the people. B. The heat from the fire is conducted through air molecules to the people. C. The heat from the fire rises in the air and then settles around the people. D. The heat from the fire radiates from the fire to the people.

D. The heat from the fire radiates from the fire to the people.

Which best explains how convected heat causes a hot air balloon to stay in the air? A. The heat is falling and replacing cooler air. B. The heat is produced from the rising of air currents. C. The heat is absorbed through the balloon from the sun. D. The heat is rising and circulating, causing the balloon to stay up in the air.

D. The heat is rising and circulating, causing the balloon to stay up in the air.

Which best describes the process of creating a metal sculpture? A. The metal is cooled, then heated, and shaped into a design. B. The metal is heated, then cooled, and shaped into a design. C. The metal is cooled, shaped into a design, then heated. D. The metal is heated, shaped into a design, then cooled.

D. The metal is heated, shaped into a design, then cooled.

Which best explains how bacon is fried on a stove burner? A. The bacon creates a convection current, the heat rises to the pan, and then rises to the stove burner. B. The bacon transfers heat directly to the pan, and the pan transfers heat directly to the stove burner. C. The stove burner radiates heat to the pan, and the pan radiates heat to the bacon. D. The stove burner transfers heat directly to the pan, and the pan directly transfers heat to the bacon.

D. The stove burner transfers heat directly to the pan, and the pan directly transfers heat to the bacon.

John put a heat pack on his cold feet. What will most likely be the result? A. The cold from John's feet will be radiated into the heat pack. B.The warmth of the heat pack will be radiated onto John's feet. C. The cold from John's feet will be conducted into the heat pack. D. The warmth of the heat pack will be conducted onto John's feet.

D. The warmth of the heat pack will be conducted onto John's feet.

Eric noticed that when he put ice in his glass of water, the ice floated. Which bestexplains why this happens? A.When water freezes it contracts, making the ice lighter than the water. B. When water freezes the particles break down, making the ice lighter than water. C. When the water freezes, it turns into a solid, and all solids are lighter than liquids. D. When the water freezes it expands, making it a less dense mass that is lighter than water.

D. When the water freezes it expands, making it a less dense mass that is lighter than water.

Dylan will be hiking on a sunny day. What type of container should he store his water in if he wants it to stay cold? A.a metal bottle, because metal radiates heat B. a metal bottle, because metal easily conducts heat C. a thick plastic bottle, because plastic conducts heat D. a thick plastic bottle, because plastic does not easily conduct heat

D. a thick plastic bottle, because plastic does not easily conduct heat

A pot is heated on a stove. Which process causes the metal handle of the pot to also become hot? A. combustion B. convection C. radiation D. conduction

D. conduction

Miguel is packing popsicles for a picnic. In which type of container would it be best for Miguel to store his popsicles? A. aluminum B. copper C. paper D. plastic

D. plastic

Sam is conducting a science experiment. He pours the same amount of 50°F water into four different types of containers of same size and thickness. Which material will best keep the water cold? A. copper B. glass C. paper D. plastic

D. plastic

Sara wants to keep drinks cold during an afternoon sports game. Which container would most likely keep her drinks cold for several hours? A. metal, because it will conduct heat B.plastic, because it will conduct heat C. metal, because it will insulate from heat D. plastic, because it will insulate from heat

D. plastic, because it will insulate from heat

How is heat transferred in radiation? A.through solids B. through liquids C. through time D. through air

D. through air

Which is the best example of conduction? A. boiling a pot of water B. feeling heat from a fireplace C. a hot air balloon rising and falling D. touching a hot handle and getting burned

D. touching a hot handle and getting burned

Raul is packing a cooler for a hot day at the beach. Which type of cooler should he select to keep his food as cold as possible? A. black plastic cooler B. black fabric cooler C. white metal cooler D. white foam cooler

D. white foam cooler

A family living on the top floor of a tall building complains that their home gets too hot during the day. Which could they add to the roof to allow their home to stay cooler? A.black metal B.white metal C. black rubber D. white rubber

D. white rubber

Why is it better to have a cooking pot with a plastic handle instead of a metal handle? A.Plastic looks better than metal. B.Plastic washes easier than metal. C.Plastic is less expensive than metal. D.Plastic is not a good conductor of heat.

D.Plastic is not a good conductor of heat.

Which characteristic of wax makes it a good choice for making candles? A. It is moist. B.It burns yellow C.It melts easily. D.It is lightweight.

C.It melts easily.

Which is the best conductor of heat? A a glass tube B. a copper wire C. a piece of string

A. a glass tube

Which of the materials would be the best conductor of heat? A.plastic B. metal C. stone D. wood

B. metal

Which is a true statement about heating and cooling water? A.Boiling and freezing water both take an hour. B.It takes less time to boil water than to freeze water into ice. C. It takes less time to freeze water into ice than to boil water. D.It takes the same time to boil water as it does to freeze water into ice.

B.It takes less time to boil water than to freeze water into ice.

Which best describes what will happen to water when it is heated above its boiling point? A.It will double in mass. B. It will turn into a solid. C. It will turn into steam.

C. It will turn into steam.

Which is the best example of convection? A. a camp fire B. a light bulb C. a hot air balloon D. a microwave oven

C. a hot air balloon

Which is an example of convection? A. the heat coming from a campfire B. a spoon in a bowl of soup becoming warmer C. warmer water at the surface of a swimming pool

C. warmer water at the surface of a swimming pool

Which color reflects heat radiation the best? A. red B. blue C. white

C. white

Popcorn is made from corn kernels. What occurs when kernels are heated in a microwave? A. The kernels expand. B. The kernels dissolve. C. The kernels become hard and brittle. D.The kernels stick together to form a ball.

A. The kernels expand.

Which best explains what happens to most materials when they are heated? A. They expand. B. They contract. C. They change color. D. They double in size.

A. They expand.

On a hot day in the sun, why does Robert use a foam can holder to keep his drink cool? A. Foam insulates the cold drink. B. Foam reflects cold air from the can. C. Foam reflects heat from the sun off the can. D. Foam conducts heat between the can and the air.

A. Foam insulates the cold drink.

An unlit candle was laid on a table directly in front of a hot fireplace. Which most likely explains why the candle melted? A. Heat energy from the fire was radiated through the air into the candle. B. Heat energy from the fire was conducted through the table into the candle. C. Heat energy from the fire was radiated through the floor into the candle. D. Heat energy from the fire was conducted through the air into the candle.

A. Heat energy from the fire was radiated through the air into the candle.

Which best explains why many car motor parts are made from metal instead of plastic? A. Metal can withstand heat better than most plastics. B.Plastic is more expensive than metal. C. Plastic is less flexible than metal.

A. Metal can withstand heat better than most plastics.

A metal wire is used in a light bulb to conduct heat until it glows. Which bestexplains why metal is used? A. Metal heats up quickly. B. Metal conducts sunlight. C. Metal cools down slowly.

A. Metal heats up quickly.

When Julie was cooking macaroni she noticed that it would rise to the top of the boiling water and then sink back to the bottom of the pot. This is most likely because A. The convection of heat within the water was creating a current. B. The convection of air around the pot was creating a current. C. The conduction of heat within the water was creating a current. D. The conduction of air around the pot was creating a current.

A. The convection of heat within the water was creating a current

A student fills a bicycle tire with air on a very hot day. The next day, the temperature drops and it is much cooler. The student notices that the bicycle tire is almost flat. What best explains why the tire is flat? A. The cooler temperature caused the air in the tire to contract, making the tire appear flat. B. The cooler temperature caused the air in the tire to expand, which put a hole in the tire, causing it to go flat. C. The cooler temperature caused the air in the tire to freeze, making the tire flat. D. The cooler temperature caused the metal part of the bicycle to expand, putting a hole in the tire and making it go flat.

A. The cooler temperature caused the air in the tire to contract, making the tire appear flat.

Mandy is helping her mom cook. She takes a glass casserole dish directly from the refrigerator and puts it in the oven. Which best explains the result of putting the cold dish in the hot oven? A. The dish cracks or breaks. B. The dish quickly changes color. C. The dish contracts and shrinks. D. The dish stays cool and will not warm.

A. The dish cracks or breaks.

How does a greenhouse help a gardener grow plants during a cool season? A. The glass transmits light into the greenhouse but it slows the transfer of thermal energy out of the greenhouse. B. The glass panels transfer thermal energy into the greenhouse but they do not transfer thermal energy out. C. The greenhouse converts light energy into thermal energy so the plants grow faster. D. The glass blocks the flow of all types of energy into or out of the greenhouse.

A. The glass transmits light into the greenhouse but it slows the transfer of thermal energy out of the greenhouse.

How is heat transferred when boiling a pot of water on the stove? A. conduction B. convection C. combustion D. radiation

A. conduction

Sarah is stirring her hot chocolate with a metal spoon, and she notices that the spoon is getting hot. This is most likely caused by which type of heat? A. conduction B. convection C. radiation D. insulation

A. conduction

Which best explains why a pan placed on a hot stove top will begin to warm? A. conduction B. convection C. radiation

A. conduction

Which organism most directly converts the sun's radiation into energy it can use? A. grass B. snake C. human D. mushroom

A. grass

A cooler made from which materials would be best to use to keep food cold? A. plastic B. paper C. wood

A. plastic

A dark-colored wall becomes warm when the sun shines on it. After sunset, a person standing a meter away can feel warmth from the wall. How does heat transfer from the wall to the person? A. radiation B. conduction C. convection D. insulation

A. radiation

How does heat energy from the Sun reach Earth? A. radiation B. solar wind C. conduction D. convection

A. radiation

Joe wants to slide down on a sunny day, but the slide is too hot. Which is most likely the reason for the slide being hot? A. radiation from the sun B. convection from the sun C. conduction from the sun D. transpiration from the sun

A. radiation from the sun

Which best exemplifies how heat is transferred by radiation? A. sand becoming hot in the sunlight B. metal handle on a pan becoming hot C. metal ice rack thawing in the refrigerator D. blanket holding body heat to keep a person warm

A. sand becoming hot in the sunlight

Which best explainswhy a freezer would be made out of thick plastic? A.to keep the cool air from escaping B. to conduct cool air into the freezer C. to heat the contents of the freezer

A. to keep the cool air from escaping

Which is an example of radiation? A. warming food in the microwave B. warming food on the stove C. cooling food in the freezer

A. warming food in the microwave

Which best explains how candle wax is shaped into a mold? A.Heat is added to candle wax to melt it so it is more flexible and can take the shape of the mold. B.Heat is added to candle wax to melt it so it is less flexible and can take the shape of the mold. C.Cold is taken away from candle wax so it is more flexible and can take the shape of the mold. D.Cold is taken away from candle wax so it is less flexible and can take the shape of the mold.

A.Heat is added to candle wax to melt it so it is more flexible and can take the shape of the mold.

James measured the temperature outside his house everyday for 2 months. He observed that on days the sky was mostly cloudy, the temperature was an average of 9 degrees cooler than days the sky was mostly sunny. Which best describes the reason for this pattern? A.The clouds blocked radiation from the sun, causing cooler temperatures. B. The clouds blocked conduction from the sun, causing cooler temperatures. C. The clouds allowed more radiation from the sun to reach the Earth's surface. D. The clouds allowed more conduction from the sun to reach the Earth's surface.

A.The clouds blocked radiation from the sun, causing cooler temperatures.

Jackson likes to cook but is always in a hurry. He needs a pot that will cook his food quickly. Which is the best material for his cooking pot? A.copper B. glass C.plastic D. wood

A.copper

In what way does the Sun warm Earth? A.radiation B. convection C. conduction D. condensation

A.radiation

It was very sunny outside, and Mike wanted to wear a shirt that would keep him cool. Which color shirt would be best for Mike to wear? A. black B. white C. brown

B. white

Which best explains why the handles of many cooking pans are made of plastic? A.Plastic melts easily. B. Plastic freezes easily. C. Plastic is a poor conductor of heat. D. Plastic is a good conductor of heat.

C. Plastic is a poor conductor of heat.

Jim wakes up early in the morning and walks from his carpeted bedroom to the tiled kitchen. Which best describes why, despite being the same temperature, the tile floor feels cooler to his feet than the carpet? A. Tile is a poor conductor of heat and transfers heat to his skin. B. Carpet is a bad conductor of heat and transfers heat to his skin. C. Tile is a better conductor of heat and transfers heat away from his skin.

C. Tile is a better conductor of heat and transfers heat away from his skin.

Which best describes heat transfer by radiation? A. a slice of bacon frying in a pan B. a pot on a stove boiling water C. a camp fire warming hands D. a hot air balloon

C. a camp fire warming hands

Mrs. Warren is giving her class an ice cream party. She needs to keep the ice cream cool until lunchtime. Which would be the best container for storage? A. white fabric bag B. brown paper bag C. covered foam box D. uncovered aluminum pot

C. covered foam box

Which is the best example of heat transfer by radiation? A.cooling off in a pool on a hot day B. burning your hand on a hot stove C. getting warm by sitting near a campfire D. melting ice by dropping it into boiling water

C. getting warm by sitting near a campfire

Which best describes a material that could be used as a pan for baking cakes? A. good conductor of cold B. poor conductor of cold C. good conductor of heat D. poor conductor of heat

C. good conductor of heat

Which substance will conduct the least amount of heat? A. glass B.copper C. plastic D. aluminum

C. plastic

Which best describes a material that would be used to insulate a house? A.excellent conductor of heat B. excellent conductor of cold C. poor conductor of heat D. poor conductor of cold

C. poor conductor of heat

The area in front of a fire feels warm on a cold evening. What are the processes that cause the person in front of the fire to feel warm? A. conduction and convection B. radiation and conduction C. radiation and convection D. radiation, convection, and conduction

C. radiation and convection

Which material is most likely to expand if exposed to freezing temperatures? A. iron B. wood C. water D. plastic

C. water

Which describes what can happen as a result of radiation? A. A piece of wood burns in a fire. B. A shirt is hot after having been ironed. C. A can of soup is heated in a pot on a stove. D. A car's inside temperature rises to over 100 degrees on a sunny day.

D. A car's inside temperature rises to over 100 degrees on a sunny day.

Which best describes the process of convection? A. Convection is the primary way heat travels through rays. B. Convection is the primary way heat travels through metals. C. Convection is the primary way heat travels through appliances. D. Convection is the primary way heat travels through liquids and gasses.

D. Convection is the primary way heat travels through liquids and gasses.

Which statement best describes how winter weather can damage roads? A. Snow and ice can cause car accidents, which damage roads. B. Rain, ice, and snow can cause the painted lines on roads to fade. C. Cold temperatures can cause road materials to expand, creating potholes. D. Water can get into cracks in roads, then freeze and expand, making the cracks worse.

D. Water can get into cracks in roads, then freeze and expand, making the cracks worse.

Which is the best choice for the handle of a frying pan? A. Metal, because it conducts heat. B. Wood, because it conducts heat. C. Metal, because it does not conduct heat. D. Wood, because it does not conduct heat.

D. Wood, because it does not conduct heat.

Bill stands in a swimming pool and notices that the water around his feet is a lot cooler than the water near the surface. Which process causesthis difference in temperature? A. convection B. evaporation C. radiation D. conduction

D. conduction

57. How does heat energy from the sun reach Earth? A. conduction B. convection C.insulation D. radiation

D. radiation

Which most often occurs when a pot of water boils? A.condensation B.freezing C. melting D.evaporation

D.evaporation

Which would most likely turn gas into a liquid? A. cooling B.boiling C.warming D.freezing

A. cooling

Which is the best example of radiation? A. warming hot dogs over a fire B. boiling water on a stove-top burner C. burning a piece of paper with a candle flame

A. warming hot dogs over a fire

Plastic does not conduct heat like many metals. Which product made from plastic best takes advantage of this characteristic? A. table B. a cooler C. bucket D. hairbrush

B. a cooler

Jennifer is planning to make an iron statue for her front yard. Which would help Jennifer shape the iron most easily? A. cutting the iron B. cooling the iron C.heating the iron D.painting the iron

C.heating the iron

What happens to metal railroad tracks during the heat of a summer day? A.decrease in weight B. increase in weight C. decrease in length D.increase in length

D.increase in length

Ceramic materials do not melt easily. Which best describes a practical use for ceramics that takes advantage of this characteristic? A.an ice cube tray B. a statue in a garden C. pottery in a museum D.tiles on the outside of a space shuttle

D.tiles on the outside of a space shuttle