HI 102 PCC Test 1 Goodson
Robert Raikes
"Father of the Sunday School Movement"
Maximilien Robespierre
"The Incorruptible" -headed Reign of Terror -Committee of Public Safety -sought to create a "Republic of Virtue" -The End Justifies the Means -believed that period of extreme terror was needed
Louis XIV
"The Sun King"...five when his father died...king after many forgettable kings
Interregnum
"between kings"
Sans Culottes
"without breeches", long pants (working class)
Articles of Confederation
-America's first attempt at building a national government -unworkable and inadequate
Adoniram Judson
-Burma -Father of American Missions
Invasion of Russia
-Czar Alexander I exits Continental System -Napolean invades (600,000)
James I
-England and Scotland united under him -rude and crude but brilliant
English Bill of Rights
-English parliamentary sovereignty -established English traditional political liberties
James Madison
-Father of the Constitution -said that sovereignty can reside in multiple places
William Carey
-India -Father of Modern Missions
Oliver Cromwell
-Roundhead's greatest general -raised New Model Army
William Laud
-appointed by Charles I as archbishop -tried to make Anglican church more like Roman church
Oliver Cromwell's position in Protectorate
-became "Lord Protector" of Protectorate -strict puritanical rule
Continental System
-forbade the importation of British goods into any European country under French contro
John Wesley
-influenced by Moravians -started Methodism, w/his brother George
Henry IV
1st Protestant leader of France...established Bubonic line of kings -says "Paris is worth a mass"
"Battle of Nations"
Battle of Leipzig
Louis XIV government policy
Bureaucracy form
Eleven Year's Tyranny
Charles I ruled in an absolute, irrepressible monarchy
Treaty of Dover
Charles agreed to obtain toleration for English Catholics and join the Roman church himself
George III
England began to dominate North America under him
Estates General
French king's advisory body
Oath of Allegiance
French priests required to swear oaths of allegiance to the French nation
empire that declined after Thirty Years War
Holy Roman Empire
king that felt threatened by Puritans
James I
king that was the epitome of an absolute ruler
Louis XIV
reigned for over 70 years in France
Louis XIV
Jean Baptiste Colbert
Louis XIV's minister of finance
Flight to Varennes
Louis and his family attempted to flee Paris, caught, Louis' name changes to "King of the French"
Brunswick Manifesto
Louis will be restored to power, if not, Paris will be destroyed
Battle of Waterloo
Napoleon meets his final defeat here
Elba
Napoleon's first abdiction
Austerlitz
Napoleon's greatest victory
Code Napolean
Napoleon's new law codes that he established
St Helena
Napoleon's second abdiction
Legislative Assembly
National Assembly divided itself in 1791...those who had served in National Assembly were ineligible to serve in the Legislative Assembly...had right, moderate, and left
Tennis Court Oath
National Assembly pledged not to adjourn until had adopted a constitution for France
Long Parliament
Parliament sat in session for 13 years
English Civil War
Parliament vs king
Battle of Naseby
Roundheads, led by Cromwell, defeat Cavaliers
Montesquieu
The Spirit of Laws, democracy works best in small society, separation of powers
August 4th Decrees
abolished feudalism
Civil Constitution of the Clergy
adopted by National Assembly, now known as the Constituent Assembly...tried to justify confiscation of church property and establishment of the Church of France
Why do people have double standards when using Constitution?
because behind every double standard is an unconfessed single standard
George I
began Hanoverian line of kings
Jonathon Edwards
best remembered for "Sinner's in the Hands of an Angry God"
Glorious Revolution
bloodless transfer of government
Cardinal Mazarin
chief minister of France before Louis XIV could rule
Voltaire
child prodigy, rationalism (reason, observation)...Critic of Christianity ("Revealed" Religion)...Deism-Natural Religion
three challenges that medieval kings faced
church, nobility, representative bodies
Liepzig
combined forces of Europe defeated Napoleon's new army
Rump Parliament
declared Charles I guilty of treason and had him beheaded
Reform proposals in France
doubling the third estate and vote by head
separation of powers
either generally dispersed or single power based on one person decisions...leg, exec, jud
Peace of Westphalia
ended Thirty Years War
Religious Uniformity in England
everyone in England must belong to the Church of England
Quebec
first permanent French colony in America
Sir Robert Walpole
first prime minister of England
Roundheads
for Parliament...bowl haircuts
Cavaliers
for king...hair in long ringlets
Concordant
formal agreement Napoleon signed w/the pope
William Wilberforce
fought against slavery
Liberty
freedom from arbitrary rule
absolutist
goal is sovereignty; supreme and independent power
George Whitfield
great speaker w/loud, emotional preaching
Louis was executed via
guillotine
John Howard
helped reform state prisons
Nicholas von Zinzendorf
his estate became site for Moravian settlement and missionary activities
Locke's view of govt
individuals create govt to protect individual rights (life, liberty, property)
"Old Regime"
inequality...consisted of first (clergy), second (nobility), and third (everyone else, 98%) estates
Charles I
introduces more absolutism after his father, James I
culottes
knee breeches (aristocratic), urban working class became radicalizing force in the French Revolution
Samuel de Champlain
known as the "Father of New France" (Quebec)
August Francke
known for leadership in German education
Palace of Versailles
large palace Louis had built...one of greatest works of architecture in modern age
Anne
last Stuart Monarch of England because none of her children lived past childhood
Admiral Lord Horatio Nelson
led British at Trafalgar...the greatest naval hero the world has ever known
September Massacres
mass execution of Parisian political prisoners
Age of Absolutism
monarchs aspired to have absolute (unlimited) power during this time
Rousseau
most important figure of Enlightenment...says that science has weakened us; wants humanity to be more simple minded
Protectorate
new government set forth by Cromwell
Consulate
new republic proclaimed by Napoleon...headed by three consuls w/Napoleon as First Consul
Battle of Trafalgar
one of the greatest sea battles in history...British navy destroyed a combined French and Spanish fleet
Sovereignty
one who has the last say; highest appeal is invested in
Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen
proclaimed to the world "Liberty, Equality, Fraternity, or Death"
Sir Isaac Newton
proposes rational view of the universe
Jacobin Clubs
radical political faction...opposed the monarchy
results of Thirty Years War
religious skepticism and rise of France as a world power in Europe
metric system
revolutionist's new system of measuring (old system reminded them of the kings and aristocrats who had established it)
goal of Continental System
ruin England economically
John Smith
says if you don't work you can't eat
"The Living Constitution"
says that Constitution was meant for changing times here in America
Charles II
signed Treaty of Dover
American Revolution was predicated on?
sovereignty
Phillip Spenner
started assemblies of piety
Rousseau's four key ideas
study four key ideas in notes
Bastille
this old castle in Paris was stormed by Parisian mob
Edict of Nantes
toleration for Huguenots in some French towns...Louis XIV later revolts
Louis XV
weak ruler...recognized that Old Regime was in trouble when he was on his death bed
Balance of Power
when one nation rises but others to try to catch up against it
Rousseau's view of what happens when people create govt
when ppl create a govt, they are now a group
John Bunyan
wrote England's greatest allegory, Pilgrim's Progress
John Milton
wrote England's greatest epic, Paradise Lost
