HI 102 PCC Test 1 Goodson

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Robert Raikes

"Father of the Sunday School Movement"

Maximilien Robespierre

"The Incorruptible" -headed Reign of Terror -Committee of Public Safety -sought to create a "Republic of Virtue" -The End Justifies the Means -believed that period of extreme terror was needed

Louis XIV

"The Sun King"...five when his father died...king after many forgettable kings

Interregnum

"between kings"

Sans Culottes

"without breeches", long pants (working class)

Articles of Confederation

-America's first attempt at building a national government -unworkable and inadequate

Adoniram Judson

-Burma -Father of American Missions

Invasion of Russia

-Czar Alexander I exits Continental System -Napolean invades (600,000)

James I

-England and Scotland united under him -rude and crude but brilliant

English Bill of Rights

-English parliamentary sovereignty -established English traditional political liberties

James Madison

-Father of the Constitution -said that sovereignty can reside in multiple places

William Carey

-India -Father of Modern Missions

Oliver Cromwell

-Roundhead's greatest general -raised New Model Army

William Laud

-appointed by Charles I as archbishop -tried to make Anglican church more like Roman church

Oliver Cromwell's position in Protectorate

-became "Lord Protector" of Protectorate -strict puritanical rule

Continental System

-forbade the importation of British goods into any European country under French contro

John Wesley

-influenced by Moravians -started Methodism, w/his brother George

Henry IV

1st Protestant leader of France...established Bubonic line of kings -says "Paris is worth a mass"

"Battle of Nations"

Battle of Leipzig

Louis XIV government policy

Bureaucracy form

Eleven Year's Tyranny

Charles I ruled in an absolute, irrepressible monarchy

Treaty of Dover

Charles agreed to obtain toleration for English Catholics and join the Roman church himself

George III

England began to dominate North America under him

Estates General

French king's advisory body

Oath of Allegiance

French priests required to swear oaths of allegiance to the French nation

empire that declined after Thirty Years War

Holy Roman Empire

king that felt threatened by Puritans

James I

king that was the epitome of an absolute ruler

Louis XIV

reigned for over 70 years in France

Louis XIV

Jean Baptiste Colbert

Louis XIV's minister of finance

Flight to Varennes

Louis and his family attempted to flee Paris, caught, Louis' name changes to "King of the French"

Brunswick Manifesto

Louis will be restored to power, if not, Paris will be destroyed

Battle of Waterloo

Napoleon meets his final defeat here

Elba

Napoleon's first abdiction

Austerlitz

Napoleon's greatest victory

Code Napolean

Napoleon's new law codes that he established

St Helena

Napoleon's second abdiction

Legislative Assembly

National Assembly divided itself in 1791...those who had served in National Assembly were ineligible to serve in the Legislative Assembly...had right, moderate, and left

Tennis Court Oath

National Assembly pledged not to adjourn until had adopted a constitution for France

Long Parliament

Parliament sat in session for 13 years

English Civil War

Parliament vs king

Battle of Naseby

Roundheads, led by Cromwell, defeat Cavaliers

Montesquieu

The Spirit of Laws, democracy works best in small society, separation of powers

August 4th Decrees

abolished feudalism

Civil Constitution of the Clergy

adopted by National Assembly, now known as the Constituent Assembly...tried to justify confiscation of church property and establishment of the Church of France

Why do people have double standards when using Constitution?

because behind every double standard is an unconfessed single standard

George I

began Hanoverian line of kings

Jonathon Edwards

best remembered for "Sinner's in the Hands of an Angry God"

Glorious Revolution

bloodless transfer of government

Cardinal Mazarin

chief minister of France before Louis XIV could rule

Voltaire

child prodigy, rationalism (reason, observation)...Critic of Christianity ("Revealed" Religion)...Deism-Natural Religion

three challenges that medieval kings faced

church, nobility, representative bodies

Liepzig

combined forces of Europe defeated Napoleon's new army

Rump Parliament

declared Charles I guilty of treason and had him beheaded

Reform proposals in France

doubling the third estate and vote by head

separation of powers

either generally dispersed or single power based on one person decisions...leg, exec, jud

Peace of Westphalia

ended Thirty Years War

Religious Uniformity in England

everyone in England must belong to the Church of England

Quebec

first permanent French colony in America

Sir Robert Walpole

first prime minister of England

Roundheads

for Parliament...bowl haircuts

Cavaliers

for king...hair in long ringlets

Concordant

formal agreement Napoleon signed w/the pope

William Wilberforce

fought against slavery

Liberty

freedom from arbitrary rule

absolutist

goal is sovereignty; supreme and independent power

George Whitfield

great speaker w/loud, emotional preaching

Louis was executed via

guillotine

John Howard

helped reform state prisons

Nicholas von Zinzendorf

his estate became site for Moravian settlement and missionary activities

Locke's view of govt

individuals create govt to protect individual rights (life, liberty, property)

"Old Regime"

inequality...consisted of first (clergy), second (nobility), and third (everyone else, 98%) estates

Charles I

introduces more absolutism after his father, James I

culottes

knee breeches (aristocratic), urban working class became radicalizing force in the French Revolution

Samuel de Champlain

known as the "Father of New France" (Quebec)

August Francke

known for leadership in German education

Palace of Versailles

large palace Louis had built...one of greatest works of architecture in modern age

Anne

last Stuart Monarch of England because none of her children lived past childhood

Admiral Lord Horatio Nelson

led British at Trafalgar...the greatest naval hero the world has ever known

September Massacres

mass execution of Parisian political prisoners

Age of Absolutism

monarchs aspired to have absolute (unlimited) power during this time

Rousseau

most important figure of Enlightenment...says that science has weakened us; wants humanity to be more simple minded

Protectorate

new government set forth by Cromwell

Consulate

new republic proclaimed by Napoleon...headed by three consuls w/Napoleon as First Consul

Battle of Trafalgar

one of the greatest sea battles in history...British navy destroyed a combined French and Spanish fleet

Sovereignty

one who has the last say; highest appeal is invested in

Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen

proclaimed to the world "Liberty, Equality, Fraternity, or Death"

Sir Isaac Newton

proposes rational view of the universe

Jacobin Clubs

radical political faction...opposed the monarchy

results of Thirty Years War

religious skepticism and rise of France as a world power in Europe

metric system

revolutionist's new system of measuring (old system reminded them of the kings and aristocrats who had established it)

goal of Continental System

ruin England economically

John Smith

says if you don't work you can't eat

"The Living Constitution"

says that Constitution was meant for changing times here in America

Charles II

signed Treaty of Dover

American Revolution was predicated on?

sovereignty

Phillip Spenner

started assemblies of piety

Rousseau's four key ideas

study four key ideas in notes

Bastille

this old castle in Paris was stormed by Parisian mob

Edict of Nantes

toleration for Huguenots in some French towns...Louis XIV later revolts

Louis XV

weak ruler...recognized that Old Regime was in trouble when he was on his death bed

Balance of Power

when one nation rises but others to try to catch up against it

Rousseau's view of what happens when people create govt

when ppl create a govt, they are now a group

John Bunyan

wrote England's greatest allegory, Pilgrim's Progress

John Milton

wrote England's greatest epic, Paradise Lost


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