HISTORICAL ANTECEDENTS
Traditional Indian medication
had a very extensive pharmacopoeia and varieties of herbal remedies and drugs
Islamic World
had become a civilization of colossal expansive
Roman empire
strongest political and social entity in the west
Materia Medica
made up of assorted botanica, zoological and mineralogical ingredients
Magnetic iron ore
magnetize a floating needle to indicate direction
India (Indus-Hindu civilization)
mainly in the northwestern regions of south Asia
Start of middle ages
marked by massive invasions and irrigations
Flexible bamboo pole
speedily enchanted transport of heavy loads
Colosseum
stage for individual gladiatorial contest which held 50,000 spectators
Gunpowder and cannons
-appeared around the 9th century A.D
Newspapers
-gazzettes -contribution of ancient Greeks -contained announcements of the Roman Empire
Code of Ur-Nammu (Sumer)
-oldest surviving law in the world -earliest existing legal text
Cuneiform
A form of writing developed by the Sumerians using a wedge shaped stylus and clay tablets.
-arabic system of numbers -arabs interest in pseudo-science of alchemy -first use glass lenses for magnification -first to manufacture black powder -produce the first gun
Contributions of Arab
Small stones/sand, water
Greeks used ____________, ________ to sound the alarm
large complicated mechanisms
Greeks used _______________ to time the alarm
Printing press
Invented by Johann Gutenberg -utilized wooden machines that extracted juices from fruits
sexagesimal
Is a numeral system the people of Sumer used that has a numeral base of 60
Nebuchadnezzar
King of Babylon who ordered the construction of Hanging Gardens of Babylon and Ishtar Gate
Babylon
One of the most powerful cities of the ancient world under Hammurabi
SHANG
The dominant people in the earliest Chinese dynasty for which we have written records (ca. 1750-1027 B.C.E.). Ancestor worship, divination by means of oracle bones, and the use of bronze vessels for ritual purposes were major elements of this culture.
Sumer
a civilization known for innovations in language, governance, architecture
Egypt
a desert country thriving on an agricultural economy
Medieval times
age of exploration
beginning of the 12th century A.D
all barrier guns and cannons are constructed at the beginning of __________________
Greece
an archipelago in the southeastern part of Europe
taxation system
an important component of the achaemenid state administration
Sumer
ancient civilization founded in the Mesopotamia region of fertile crescent situated between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers
babylonia
ancient region bordering the Tigris and Euphrates rivers (Southern Iraq)
Neo-babylonian empire
babylon became a beautiful architecture
First gun in Arab civilization
bamboo tube reinforced with iron that used a charge of black powder to shoot an arrow
Wheeled vehicle made of solid wooden wheels
greatest mechanical invention (sumerian civilization)
Greece
birthplace of western philosophy
Chinese people
civilization that discovers the use of toilet paper, chopsticks, silk production, gun powder, use of coal fuel, water wheel, wheel barrow, Flexible bamboo pole, technology of copper coinage, artistry of wallpaper porcelain, tea production
-Construction layout of its cities which feature water wells, bathrooms, wastepipe/drains in nearly every house -medicines in mathemetics -traditional indian medication -positive and negative quantities, square and cube roots, mathematical implication of zero and infinity, value of pi upto 9 decimals -indian surgeons success in various operations -iron pillar of delhi -Stupa -Great technology
contributions of Indus-hindu civilization
Roman empire
cradle of politics and governance
Romans
created the first books or codex and roman numeral
Olympics
dedicated to the Olympian gods
Greeks
designed mathematical models and mathematical systems to explain the planetary positions and movements on geometrical determinants and logical deductions
Earthquake weathercock
detects earthquake occurence
Astrolabe
device for predicting the positions of sun, moon, planets and the stars.
Escapement
device use to regulate clocks
Pharmacology
discovery of healing drugs and herbs
Medieval times
divided into the so called dark ages and middle ages
arabs interest in pseudo-science of alchemy
encouraged the Arab to mix and manipulate chemical elements and conduct experiments to transform base metals into gold
Antecedents
factors that paved the way for the presence of advanced and sophisticated scientific and technological innovations today
Vitruvius
first described the odometer
Sulfuric acid
first discovered by Abu Bakr Muhammad Ibn Jakarta Al-Razi
Babylonian Map of the World
first map of the world
City of Ururk
first true city in the world
Qanat
gently sloping underground channel that carries water from an aquifer or water well to houses and fields
Persian Civilization (persian)
has contributed the first regular postal system in the world
Persian Civilization (persian)
has contributed the uniform style of gold and silver coinage
Chariot races and gladiator fights
held at principal stadium (circus maximus)
Islamic world
imposed a unity of religion and culture on much of southwest Asia and North Africa
Hieroglyphics
individual objects or actions
Pi sheng
invented/developed the first movable type printer made from pottery
Watermills
invention of Greeks, commonly used in agricultural process in the milling of grains which is a necessary form of food processing
Archimedes
inventor of odometer
Egyptian writing
is in symbols or hieroglyphics
Chinese Civilization
known as middle kingdom, located on the far east of asia
Sumer
known as the creators of civilization
Babylon
largest city in the vast Babylonian empire
Egypt
located in northeastern part of African continent
synthesis of the scientific and technological knowledge
most influential muslim intellectual contribution
Ziggurat
mountain of god of sumer
Great technology
needed in the fields of weapony, navigation, mass food and farm production and health
Chinese civilization
oldest civilization in China
Anaximander
one of the first pioneer of cartographers to create map of the world
Chopsticks
oriental tableware consisting of a pair of sticks used to eat food with
Medieval times
period from 450 A.D to 1450 A.D
Medieval times
period of history between ancient and modern time
First 365-day calendar
possibly devised by IMHOTEP
Antecedents
precursor to the unfolding or existence of something
Circus maximus
principal stadium where chariot races and gladiatorial fights held and accommodated 300,000 people
Arabia
rocky peninsula in southwest asia
Ziggurat
sacred place of Sumer's chief god
Cuneiform
set of word pictures depicted in symbols made of triangular marks
Bookkeeping
simple but adequate system of double-entry accounting
sexagesimal
system of counting and a form of place notation
Romans
they also build large churches, aqueducts, amphitheaters, residential houses
Egyptians
they calculated time by means of waterclock
Persian Civilization (persian)
they contributed the taxation system
Greeks
they invented the alarm clock
Chinese people
they practice apothecaries and acupuncture
Egyptian
they studied heaven (sky) to record time, forecast seasons, predict annual flooding of river nile
Egyptian
they wrote with the ink and brushes on paper made of papyrus reeds
Stupa
used as commemorative monument associated with strong sacred relics
Odometer
used to measure distance traveled
Acupun
used to treat illness/pain by picking the patient's body with needles
Egyptian Calendar
was based on the phases of the moon consisting 29 1/2 days
Zodiacal map of Sumer
was used for practical mathematical and observational purposes.
Iron pillar of delhi
world's first iron pillar
Pantheon
world's largest domed buildings
Great wall of china
world's longest man made structure built to keep invaders from the north out of China, started by the Qin Dynasty, expanded by the Han Dynasty,