History-120 chapter-7

The Articles of Confederation granted the national government limited powers. Identify the statements that describe the conflicts sparked by governance under this first written constitution.

- Wealthy property owners saw their rights constrained by poorer local majorities. - Indebted farmers, threatened with the loss of land because of failure to meet tax or mortgage payments, pressed state governments for relief.

Artisans like the pewterers, represented in the image below, supported ratification of the new Constitution for which of the following reasons?

-Federalists argued that adoption of the Constitution would stimulate and improve the economy. -The Constitution would protect the commerce on which sales of their crafts depended.

Identify the aims and accomplishments of the New Jersey Plan within the Continental Congress.

-Smaller states, fearing the political dominance of more populous states like Massachusetts and Pennsylvania, supported this plan -It called for a single-house Congress in each state that would cast one vote

Identify the states that participated in the slave trade in the years after the ratification of the Constitution.

-South Carolina -Georgia

Identify the basic political principles outlined in the Constitution.

-federalism, or the division of power, which is the relationship between the state and the national government -a system of checks and balances that prevents any branch of national government from dominating the other two

Despite his own personal and intimate relationship with Sally Hemings, Thomas Jefferson articulated a variety of claims about race in his book Notes on the State of Virginia. Identify Jefferson's beliefs below.

African-Americans were inferior to whites in intellect in a way that no democratic society could change. He believed the bitter experience of slavery made blacks incapable of being loyal to the nation. While he believed Indians and Americans would eventually merge into a single people, he did not believe in a similar merger of blacks and whites. He believed the best solution to issues of race in America was to remove blacks from the country.

Identify the statements that describe the congressional land use policies in the West during the postwar period.

Congress had an interest in keeping the settlement process somewhat regulatedLand sales could become a key source of revenue to the federal government

Identify the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation.

Each state, regardless of size, possessed only one vote in the single legislative body. Congress had the power to coin money but was unable to levy taxes. Amendment of the Articles was achieved only with the unanimous consent of all of the states.

James Madison viewed the addition of a Bill of Rights to be a very important and necessary check against future abuses of power by the national government.

False

As ratification debates went on, those for and against ratification of the Constitution (Federalists and Anti-Federalists, respectively) coalesced into distinct groups. Match each of the following characteristics to the group it best describes.

Federalist represented the interests of merchants and the commercial class argued that the country's large size and diversity of interests would be its strength found support from cosmopolitan areas Anti-Federalist represented the interests of the rural farmer and the "common citizen" argued for a federal government only strong enough to do its tasks without interfering with state and local initiatives

Review the following video with author Eric Foner titled "Racial Division Between Slaves and Free Men." Afterward, choose the statement that best summarize the author's argument.

Following the Revolution, racial difference became the primary argument for the continuation of the practice of slavery.

Read the following passage titled The History of the American Revolution (1789) by David Ramsay, a member of the Continental Congress from South Carolina. Select the sections of the passage in which Ramsay argues that the American experiment in government is based upon Enlightenment values of reason, liberty, and "experience."

In America alone, reason and liberty concurred in the formation of constitutions In this happy peculiarity they placed the science of politics on a footing with the other sciences, by opening it to improvements from experience, and the discoveries of future ages.

Which statements describe the laws mandated by the Northwest Ordinance of 1787?

It prohibited slavery in the Old Northwest. It created at least three states out of the Northwest Territory. It pledged "the utmost good faith" would be observed toward local Indians and that their land would not be taken without consent.

Fill in the blanks to complete the passage describing the debates over the power of the federal government.

Proponents of a stronger federal government by the 1780s believed that property rights were foundational to the American system. They believed that too much public liberty could harm the nation by endangering private liberty.

The ratification of the Constitution had a tremendous effect on late eighteenth-century America. Identify the statements that describe the long-term consequences.

Slavery remained deeply entrenched in American life and politics It made a domestic economy possible

Fill in the blanks to complete the passage describing members of the founding generation.

The men that attended the Constitutional Convention were mostly lawyers, merchants, and planters. Most of them had spent time at college, and generally believed that for the United States to succeed, the influence of direct democracy must be somewhat restrained by the government.

The U.S. Constitution was a unique combination of political principles. Identify the features below that describe the principles embodied in the Constitution.

checks and balances federalism

Which of the following best describe the American identity in the early federal period?

embracing the ideals of equality and democracy inherently associated with skin color

What were the effects of the Constitution? Move the correct answers to the image of the Constitutional Convention of 1787.

made possible a national economic market by giving Congress the power over tariffs, interstate commerce, and coining money, among others created national political institutions reduced the powers of the states

The Constitution represents a compromise between those founders who wanted to expand democracy and those who wanted to ensure the federal government had enough authority to keep control of the population. Determine which of the following aspects of the new Constitutional federal government expanded democracy or authority, respectively.

the expansion of authority Under the new Constitution, the president was charged with enforcing the law and commanding the military. Supreme Court judges were to be appointed by the president, and the president was to be decided by a committee of electors known as the electoral college. the expansion of democracy The Constitution left it to individual states to determine their own rules for who could vote, but imposed neither property nor religious qualifications. Members of the House of Representatives were to be decided by popular vote.