History 1302 Chap. 16

During the Gilded Age, wealthy businessmen believed that the federal government protected their right to.....

"life, liberty, and the people refrained from regulating the economy

1859

*Charles Darwin publishes On the Orgin of Species *Henry Bessemer improves steel production process

1884-1900

1,700 blacks lynched in the South

Plessey -vs- Ferguson

A landmark constitutional law case of the U.S. supreme court decided in 1896. It upheld state racial segregation laws for public facilities under the doctrine of "separate but equal"

Sherman Antitrust-Act

A landmark of federal statute in the history of the U.S. antitrust law passed by congress in 1890 under the presidency of Benjamin Harrison. It outlawed monopolies that prevented free competition in interstate commerce.

Corporation

A legal entity that is separate and distinct from its owners. Corporations enjoy most of the rights and responsibilities that an individual possesses; that is, a corporation has the right to enter into contracts loan and borrow money, sue and be sued, hire employees, own assets and pay taxes.

Vertical Integration

A strategy where a company expands its business operations into different steps on the same path, such as when a manufacture owns its supplier and/or distributor.

Convict Lease

A system of penal labor practiced in the Southern U.S. It provided prisoner labor to private parties. The lessee was responsible for feeding, clothing, and housing the prisoners.

White-Collar Workers

A term for office workers, who use a minimum of physical exertion, as opposed to blue-collar laborers.

1890's

African American disfranchised in the South

1885

Alexander Graham Bell founds American Telephone and Telegraph

1889

Andrew Carnegie publishes "The Gospel of Wealth"

1883

Civil Service Act passed

Laissez-Faire

Describes a system or point of view that opposed regulation or interference by the government in economic affairs beyond the minimum necessary to allow the free enterprise system to operate according to its own laws.

Jim Crow

In 1838, he had became a pejorative expression meaning "Negro." When southern legislatures passed laws of racial segregation directed against blacks at the end of the 19th century, these states became known as "Jim Crow Laws"

1881

James Garfield assassinated

The rise of black-run schools, churches, and businesses in the South was an unintended consequence of....

Jim Crow laws

1870's

John D. Rockefeller takes control of oil refining business

1872

Montgomery Ward established

1870-1910

Number of U.S. white-collar workers triples

1896

Plessy v. Ferguson

The idea that public accommodations for black and white citizens could be "equal but separate" was supported by the...

Plessy v. Ferguson decision

1891

Rural free delivery (RFD) begins

1890

Sherman Antitrust Act passed

Horizontal Integration

The merger of companies at the same stage of production in the same or different industries. When the products of both companies are similar, it is a merger of competitors.

New South

The southern U.S. in the years since the American Civil War

Gilded-Age

The time between the Civil War and WWI during the U.S. population and economy grew quickly, there was a lot of political corruption and corporate financial misdealing and many wealthy people lived very fancy lives.

1876

Thomas Edison establishes research laboratory in Menlo Park, New Jersey

1866

Transatlantic telegraph cable completed

1868

Typewriter invented

1901

U.S. Steel established

1870-1900

U.S. becomes a global industrial power

1860-1890

U.S. gross domestic product quadruples

1886

U.S. railroads adopt standard gauge Santa Clara County v. Southern Pacific Railroad Company

1895

U.S. v. E.C. Knight Company

"The Gospel of Wealth"

an article written by Andrew Carnegie in June of 1899 that describes the responsibility of philanthropy by the new upper class of self-made rich.

Chester A. Arthur

became president after the assassination of James A. Garfield.

The purpose of the "grandfather clauses" in the voting laws of southern states was to permit....

illiterate whites to vote while disenfranchising illiterate blacks

Advocates of the free-market economy argued that the key to success was....

individual merit

The passage of the Sherman Antitrust Act reflected Congress's desire to...

limit, but not eliminate, the ability of big business to dominate the economy

Farmers and other rural residents were able to participate in the new consumer culture of the late nineteenth century thanks to......

mail-order catalogs like Montgomery Ward's

In determining how to make factory employees more productive, efficiency experts were inspired by...

the workings of large-scale industrial machinery

The explosive growth of clubs and societies during the late nineteenth century was a reflection in day-to-day life of the larger.....

zeal for organization