History 2310 Exam 1
North china
"China's sorrow" hot in summer, cold in winter, little rainfall
When did the Indus Valley civilization disappear?
1500 BCE, flooding drove them out
Aryan appearance
2000 BCE
When were the largest pyramids built?
2575-2566
When was Egypt unified under one government?
3150 BC
Caste System
A Hindu social class system that controlled every aspect of daily life
Hieratic Script
A cursive form of Egyptian hieroglyphics which was used by the priests.
Mahabharata
A long Hindu epic that includes the Bhagavad-Gita, tells story of great war
Brahman
A single spiritual power that Hindus believe lives in everything
South China
Abundant rainfall, mild winters, hot summers, land of double and triple crops
Ancient Semitic language
Amharic, tigrinya
Minoan Civilization
An advanced civilization that developed on the island of Crete around 2500 B.C.E.
Egyptian climate
Regular annual flood that irrigates and enriches soil
Pharoah's role
Represented the gods on earth
What language did aryans speak
Rig-Veda
Babylon
Ruled by Hammurabi
Assyrian reputation
Ruthless militarianism
Minoan Civilization
Sophisticated in trading
Chaldean Empire
Southeast corner of mesopotamia
Anyang
Splendorous, remains of Shang found here
Dravidian languages
Spoken in south India, unrelated to indo-european
Zoroastrianism existance
Still exists
Babylon location
Sumer and Akkad
What are notable achievements of egypt
System of mathematics, medicine, calendar
Zoroaster
The founder of Persia's classical pre-Islamic religion, Zoroastrianism., Persian prophet
Kushite Kingdom location
Where the blue Nile and white nile met
Is early Chinese historical traditions reliable
Yes
Tutankhamen
Young pharaoh whose intact burial tomb was found in 1922
ideograph
a character that joins two or more pictographs to represent an idea
Hyksos
a group of nomadic invaders from southwest Asia who ruled Egypt from 1640 to 1570 B.C.
Pictograph
a symbol that stands for an object, sun or moon
Knossos
an ancient Minoan city on the island of Crete, home of the gods
Fertile Crescent
an arc-shaped region in Southwest Asia, with rich soil
Oracle bones
animal bones carved with written characters which were used for telling the future, used to ask questions of the gods
anthropomorphic
attributing human characteristics or qualities to objects, animals, or gods
Akhenaten
early ruler of Egypt who rejected the old gods and replaced them with Aten, the sun god.
Vaisyas
farmers, craftspeople, and traders
Hammurabi's Code
first written code/set of laws that all were expected to obey, dealt with indebtedness, breach of marriage, harsh punishments
Scribes
people trained to write using the earliest forms of writing before literacy was widespread
Aryan Religion
polytheistic, sang hymns
Ramses II
ruler of Egypt who many scholars think was the pharaoh of the Exodus, Moses's story
Sudras
unskilled laborers, servants
Cuneiform
writing that uses wedge-shaped characters
What info is found in Linear B records?
Only used by professional scribes
Medes
People who helped to destroy the Assyrian empire
Darius I
Persian emperor who organized and expanded the empire, usurped the throne
Zoroastrianism
Persian monotheistic religion founded by the prophet Zarathustra.
How did the Egyptian government function
Pharaoh was supreme leader of government and religion
Chinese writing
Pictographic script, consists of symbols or graphs
Egyptian religion
Polytheistic, mostly anthromorphic
Semitic languages
Arabic, hebrew
Mycenae
Architecture, art and religion assimilated and adapted to be more militaristic
How were aryans different from native dasa
Aryans were fair skinned while dasas were dark skinned
Why were the pyramids built?
As tombs
Why are indo-European languages important
Basis for many languages
When did the Mycenaean civilization disappear?
Beginning around 1200 BC. Mycenaean center were devastated by roving warriors
Polytheistic
Belief in many gods
Monotheistic
Belief in one god
Rig-Veda
Book of hymns, written in sanskrit
Linear A
Bronze Age Cretan script, not greek
Linear B
Bronze Age script used for early form of Greek
Nebuchadnezzar
Chaldean king who rebuilt Babylon
logograph
Combining either pictograph or ideograph to indicate meaning and a symbol to give a key to pronunciation
How did people gain control of H2O
Constructing system of canals, drainable ditches, & reservoirs. Crops yielded bigger harvests
Oracle bones
Corroborated with much of later info from them
Mesopotamian civilization
Developed ironworking, glassmaking, flood control, water storage
Sir Arthur Evans
Discovered Knossus on Crete
Heinrich Schliemann
Discovered Troy
Indo-European Languages
Distinct, Greek, Hittite, Persian, Sanskrit
Kushite Kingdom
Established after the disintegration of egypt
Civilized Society
Established trade
Why are the Hittites interesting
Expanded territories into an empire that rivaled Europe, thrived on ironworking
Aryans
Fair complexioned invaders in northwestern India
Mycenae
First Greek state
Sargon the Great
Founded a dynasty that dominated the cities of Sumer for 2 centuries
King Cyrus of Persia
Founded persia
Mesopotamian religion
Gods were personifications of natural forces: goddess of fertility, storm gods
Drawbacks of Shang writing system
Hard to decipher
Negative features of Mesopotamia's climate
Hot, dust bowl, flooding, swamps
Upanishads
Indian mystical and philosophical works, written between 800 and 400 B.C.E.
Who were the aryans related to?
Indo-Europeans
What did the later Greeks believe about Troy and the Trojan war
It was about the wealth of Troy not Helen
Croesus
King of Lydia, defeated by King Cyrus
Agamemnon
King of Sparta, agreed to fight Troy for his brothers wife that was abducted
Indus Valley Civilization
Known for uniformity and individualization
Hittite Empire
Located in Anatolia (Asia Minor)
How was life different in the so-called dark ages
Many people died in the times of trouble just before and after the Dorian invasion
Mycenaean Civilization
Modeled after Minoan
Government in Shang period
Monarchy, feudal, king delegated power to noblemen each ruling over a state
Where is Mycenae
Near mikines in greece
Egyptian Geography
Nile valley, barren desert
Can we decipher Indus writing?
No
Assyria
Northern Mesopotamia
Neolithic Revolution
The switch from nomadic lifestyles to a settled agricultural lifestyle is this revolution.
prehistoric
The time or period before recorded or written history.
Kshatriyas
The warrior and aristocrat varna of the caste system.
what did the Egyptians believe about life after death?
They believed in an afterlife
Why did the Egyptians practice mummification
To preserve the body for afterlife
Prakrit
Unrefined