History 2310 Exam 1

North china

"China's sorrow" hot in summer, cold in winter, little rainfall

When did the Indus Valley civilization disappear?

1500 BCE, flooding drove them out

Aryan appearance

2000 BCE

When were the largest pyramids built?

2575-2566

When was Egypt unified under one government?

3150 BC

Caste System

A Hindu social class system that controlled every aspect of daily life

Hieratic Script

A cursive form of Egyptian hieroglyphics which was used by the priests.

Mahabharata

A long Hindu epic that includes the Bhagavad-Gita, tells story of great war

Brahman

A single spiritual power that Hindus believe lives in everything

South China

Abundant rainfall, mild winters, hot summers, land of double and triple crops

Ancient Semitic language

Amharic, tigrinya

Minoan Civilization

An advanced civilization that developed on the island of Crete around 2500 B.C.E.

Egyptian climate

Regular annual flood that irrigates and enriches soil

Pharoah's role

Represented the gods on earth

What language did aryans speak

Rig-Veda

Babylon

Ruled by Hammurabi

Assyrian reputation

Ruthless militarianism

Minoan Civilization

Sophisticated in trading

Chaldean Empire

Southeast corner of mesopotamia

Anyang

Splendorous, remains of Shang found here

Dravidian languages

Spoken in south India, unrelated to indo-european

Zoroastrianism existance

Still exists

Babylon location

Sumer and Akkad

What are notable achievements of egypt

System of mathematics, medicine, calendar

Zoroaster

The founder of Persia's classical pre-Islamic religion, Zoroastrianism., Persian prophet

Kushite Kingdom location

Where the blue Nile and white nile met

Is early Chinese historical traditions reliable

Yes

Tutankhamen

Young pharaoh whose intact burial tomb was found in 1922

ideograph

a character that joins two or more pictographs to represent an idea

Hyksos

a group of nomadic invaders from southwest Asia who ruled Egypt from 1640 to 1570 B.C.

Pictograph

a symbol that stands for an object, sun or moon

Knossos

an ancient Minoan city on the island of Crete, home of the gods

Fertile Crescent

an arc-shaped region in Southwest Asia, with rich soil

Oracle bones

animal bones carved with written characters which were used for telling the future, used to ask questions of the gods

anthropomorphic

attributing human characteristics or qualities to objects, animals, or gods

Akhenaten

early ruler of Egypt who rejected the old gods and replaced them with Aten, the sun god.

Vaisyas

farmers, craftspeople, and traders

Hammurabi's Code

first written code/set of laws that all were expected to obey, dealt with indebtedness, breach of marriage, harsh punishments

Scribes

people trained to write using the earliest forms of writing before literacy was widespread

Aryan Religion

polytheistic, sang hymns

Ramses II

ruler of Egypt who many scholars think was the pharaoh of the Exodus, Moses's story

Sudras

unskilled laborers, servants

Cuneiform

writing that uses wedge-shaped characters

What info is found in Linear B records?

Only used by professional scribes

Medes

People who helped to destroy the Assyrian empire

Darius I

Persian emperor who organized and expanded the empire, usurped the throne

Zoroastrianism

Persian monotheistic religion founded by the prophet Zarathustra.

How did the Egyptian government function

Pharaoh was supreme leader of government and religion

Chinese writing

Pictographic script, consists of symbols or graphs

Egyptian religion

Polytheistic, mostly anthromorphic

Semitic languages

Arabic, hebrew

Mycenae

Architecture, art and religion assimilated and adapted to be more militaristic

How were aryans different from native dasa

Aryans were fair skinned while dasas were dark skinned

Why were the pyramids built?

As tombs

Why are indo-European languages important

Basis for many languages

When did the Mycenaean civilization disappear?

Beginning around 1200 BC. Mycenaean center were devastated by roving warriors

Polytheistic

Belief in many gods

Monotheistic

Belief in one god

Rig-Veda

Book of hymns, written in sanskrit

Linear A

Bronze Age Cretan script, not greek

Linear B

Bronze Age script used for early form of Greek

Nebuchadnezzar

Chaldean king who rebuilt Babylon

logograph

Combining either pictograph or ideograph to indicate meaning and a symbol to give a key to pronunciation

How did people gain control of H2O

Constructing system of canals, drainable ditches, & reservoirs. Crops yielded bigger harvests

Oracle bones

Corroborated with much of later info from them

Mesopotamian civilization

Developed ironworking, glassmaking, flood control, water storage

Sir Arthur Evans

Discovered Knossus on Crete

Heinrich Schliemann

Discovered Troy

Indo-European Languages

Distinct, Greek, Hittite, Persian, Sanskrit

Kushite Kingdom

Established after the disintegration of egypt

Civilized Society

Established trade

Why are the Hittites interesting

Expanded territories into an empire that rivaled Europe, thrived on ironworking

Aryans

Fair complexioned invaders in northwestern India

Mycenae

First Greek state

Sargon the Great

Founded a dynasty that dominated the cities of Sumer for 2 centuries

King Cyrus of Persia

Founded persia

Mesopotamian religion

Gods were personifications of natural forces: goddess of fertility, storm gods

Drawbacks of Shang writing system

Hard to decipher

Negative features of Mesopotamia's climate

Hot, dust bowl, flooding, swamps

Upanishads

Indian mystical and philosophical works, written between 800 and 400 B.C.E.

Who were the aryans related to?

Indo-Europeans

What did the later Greeks believe about Troy and the Trojan war

It was about the wealth of Troy not Helen

Croesus

King of Lydia, defeated by King Cyrus

Agamemnon

King of Sparta, agreed to fight Troy for his brothers wife that was abducted

Indus Valley Civilization

Known for uniformity and individualization

Hittite Empire

Located in Anatolia (Asia Minor)

How was life different in the so-called dark ages

Many people died in the times of trouble just before and after the Dorian invasion

Mycenaean Civilization

Modeled after Minoan

Government in Shang period

Monarchy, feudal, king delegated power to noblemen each ruling over a state

Where is Mycenae

Near mikines in greece

Egyptian Geography

Nile valley, barren desert

Can we decipher Indus writing?

No

Assyria

Northern Mesopotamia

Neolithic Revolution

The switch from nomadic lifestyles to a settled agricultural lifestyle is this revolution.

prehistoric

The time or period before recorded or written history.

Kshatriyas

The warrior and aristocrat varna of the caste system.

what did the Egyptians believe about life after death?

They believed in an afterlife

Why did the Egyptians practice mummification

To preserve the body for afterlife

Prakrit

Unrefined