History Chapter 10

How did Feudalism develop?

The Vikings constantly threatened Europe, people began to turn to local aristocrats, or nobles, to protect them. To survive, they needed a powerful lord. This led to feudalism

What conditions and factors led to the growth of independent medieval cities

Trading allowed them to spread. ?

Who conquered Normandy In 1066?

William of Normandy

King Otto 1

he attempted to rule both Germany and Italy

What did the Parliament do?

it brought representative government to England

Greeks

Orthodox

Russians

Orthodox

Kievan Rus

The first Russian State that ended in 1169

The eastern Slavs were conquered by who? Who conquered them in turn?

Vikings then the Mongols

What did King Henry II do?

he expanded the power of the English monarchy he strengthened the power of the royal quartz and struggles for power over the church

How did the use of iron affect medieval farming?

it made the carruca, and the entire community would buy and share it. It made farming easier

3 Things that describe the relationship between the Lords and Vassals

1. Vassal was pain in fief, or land 2. Most Vassals were knights because they promised to protect that land 3. Lords and Vassals saw themselves as equal

When was the Magna Carta created?

1215

What did the Slavic people of Central Europe do?

They divided into three major groups, each of which formed new kingdoms

Who were the Norseman, and what effect did they have on western Europe?

They were Germanic Vikings that invaded and attacked western Europe

Scandinavia is modern day what?

Finland, Sweden, Norway, and Denmark

What change in crop rotation increased farm yields?

It changed from two-field to three-field

What did the Magna Carta do?

It recognized the rights and obligations of the kings and vassals

Who were the nobility during the Middle Ages?

The kings, dukes, barons, counts, and bishops

Bourgeoisie

middle class. german

When did townspeople gain new rights?

By 110 BC.

Germans

Catholic

What four countries make up the UK?

England, Whales, North Ireland, Scotland

What was the feudal contract?

It was a contract between a vassal and lord that granted and receiving fiefs

King Philip II

he fought English dominance and gained control over several French territories

Italians

Catholic

What three things happened when people moves away from manors?

1. Less dependence on agriculture for survival 2. Rights and freedoms 3. Standardization through guilds

In what ways were knights central to feudalism?

A knight made it up because they protected the land and people from Vikings

Polish

Catholic

Who were the two missionary brothers and what did they do?

Cyril and Methodius They converted eastern Slavic people to Orthodox

What three countries make up Great Britain?

England Scotland Whales

Hanseatic League

German towns alone trade route of Germany and Italy that offered merchants a place to sell their goods safely

What was feudalism, and how did it influence medieval Europe?

It was a political and social order that people began to turn to local land aristocrats to protect them. They found a lord for protection and the people would give them their services in war as a return

How was the Carolingian Empire divided after Charlemagne's death in 814?

It was divided among his three grandsons into three major sections: 1. The Western Frankish land 2. Eastern Frankish land 3. Middle Kingdom

Who created the French Parliament?

King Philip IV

How did increased trade give rise to commercial capitalism

People began to invest in trade and they got a profit for it

Who did Otto catch up disputed with?

Popes in Italy and Lords in German lands

What is one of three contries that spans 2 continents?

Russia. It spans Europe and Asia

Where did Vikings come from

Scandinavia

Who owned the land that the serfs farmed?

The lords

What was the status of medieval vassals?

They were wealthier than other because they were higher on hierarchy

King Louis IX

Tried to bring justice to people and make France more powerful

Where were Europe's main medieval trading centers?

Two Italian cities, Venice and Flanders

How did the concept of Chivalry influence medieval life?

Under he influence of the catholic church, chivalry was the idea of civilized behavior. A knight was supposed to protect and defend the church

What benefits did guilds offer to craftspeople?

separation, set standards and prices

What did King Otto Name his empire?

Holy Roman Empire

What were the rights and responsibilities of lords?

The Lords were supposed protect his serfs, giving them safety to farm land

What was the Status of medieval women?

Women could own property legally, but most remained under the control of their fathers or husbands.