History Chapter 10
How did Feudalism develop?
The Vikings constantly threatened Europe, people began to turn to local aristocrats, or nobles, to protect them. To survive, they needed a powerful lord. This led to feudalism
What conditions and factors led to the growth of independent medieval cities
Trading allowed them to spread. ?
Who conquered Normandy In 1066?
William of Normandy
King Otto 1
he attempted to rule both Germany and Italy
What did the Parliament do?
it brought representative government to England
Greeks
Orthodox
Russians
Orthodox
Kievan Rus
The first Russian State that ended in 1169
The eastern Slavs were conquered by who? Who conquered them in turn?
Vikings then the Mongols
What did King Henry II do?
he expanded the power of the English monarchy he strengthened the power of the royal quartz and struggles for power over the church
How did the use of iron affect medieval farming?
it made the carruca, and the entire community would buy and share it. It made farming easier
3 Things that describe the relationship between the Lords and Vassals
1. Vassal was pain in fief, or land 2. Most Vassals were knights because they promised to protect that land 3. Lords and Vassals saw themselves as equal
When was the Magna Carta created?
1215
What did the Slavic people of Central Europe do?
They divided into three major groups, each of which formed new kingdoms
Who were the Norseman, and what effect did they have on western Europe?
They were Germanic Vikings that invaded and attacked western Europe
Scandinavia is modern day what?
Finland, Sweden, Norway, and Denmark
What change in crop rotation increased farm yields?
It changed from two-field to three-field
What did the Magna Carta do?
It recognized the rights and obligations of the kings and vassals
Who were the nobility during the Middle Ages?
The kings, dukes, barons, counts, and bishops
Bourgeoisie
middle class. german
When did townspeople gain new rights?
By 110 BC.
Germans
Catholic
What four countries make up the UK?
England, Whales, North Ireland, Scotland
What was the feudal contract?
It was a contract between a vassal and lord that granted and receiving fiefs
King Philip II
he fought English dominance and gained control over several French territories
Italians
Catholic
What three things happened when people moves away from manors?
1. Less dependence on agriculture for survival 2. Rights and freedoms 3. Standardization through guilds
In what ways were knights central to feudalism?
A knight made it up because they protected the land and people from Vikings
Polish
Catholic
Who were the two missionary brothers and what did they do?
Cyril and Methodius They converted eastern Slavic people to Orthodox
What three countries make up Great Britain?
England Scotland Whales
Hanseatic League
German towns alone trade route of Germany and Italy that offered merchants a place to sell their goods safely
What was feudalism, and how did it influence medieval Europe?
It was a political and social order that people began to turn to local land aristocrats to protect them. They found a lord for protection and the people would give them their services in war as a return
How was the Carolingian Empire divided after Charlemagne's death in 814?
It was divided among his three grandsons into three major sections: 1. The Western Frankish land 2. Eastern Frankish land 3. Middle Kingdom
Who created the French Parliament?
King Philip IV
How did increased trade give rise to commercial capitalism
People began to invest in trade and they got a profit for it
Who did Otto catch up disputed with?
Popes in Italy and Lords in German lands
What is one of three contries that spans 2 continents?
Russia. It spans Europe and Asia
Where did Vikings come from
Scandinavia
Who owned the land that the serfs farmed?
The lords
What was the status of medieval vassals?
They were wealthier than other because they were higher on hierarchy
King Louis IX
Tried to bring justice to people and make France more powerful
Where were Europe's main medieval trading centers?
Two Italian cities, Venice and Flanders
How did the concept of Chivalry influence medieval life?
Under he influence of the catholic church, chivalry was the idea of civilized behavior. A knight was supposed to protect and defend the church
What benefits did guilds offer to craftspeople?
separation, set standards and prices
What did King Otto Name his empire?
Holy Roman Empire
What were the rights and responsibilities of lords?
The Lords were supposed protect his serfs, giving them safety to farm land
What was the Status of medieval women?
Women could own property legally, but most remained under the control of their fathers or husbands.