History Chapter 27
What was disagreed upon by the "Big Three"?
...
When did Truman first come into office? How did he become president?
1935; roosevelt died and truman had to take his place as president.
How many nations signed this charter?
50 of the 51 nations
Baby boom
A cohort of individuals born in the United States between 1946 and 1964, which was just after World War II in a time of relative peace and prosperity. These conditions allowed for better education and job opportunities, encouraging high rates of both marriage and fertility.
What does the term "Cold War" refer to?
A cold war or cold warfare is a state of conflict between nations that doesn't involve direct military action but is pursued primarily through economic and political actions, propaganda, acts of espionage or proxy wars waged by surrogates.
What was the Warsaw Pact?
A collective defense treaty among eight communist states of Central and Eastern Europe in existence during the Cold War.
Affluence
A growing variety of products.
Jack Kerouac
A key author of the Beat movement whose best selling novel, On the Road helped define the movement with it's featured frenzied prose and plotless ramblings.
What is desegregation?
Abolishment of racial segregation
What was the Berlin Airlift? Was it effective? Why or why not?
Airlift by U.S. in 1948 that supplied food and fuel to citizens of West Berlin when the Russians closed off land access to Berlin, it was effective. Because, it helped people get their food and fuel and not as many people were going to die because of starvation.
What happened during the Korean War?
America sided with South Korea, the UN forces landed in the Korean Peninsula and pushed the North Koreans past the 38th Parallel. The Chinese saw the UN forces as a threat, so they helped North Korea and pushed the UN forces back to South Korea, and they held the capital, Seoul.
What was the McCarran Act?
An Act to protect the United States against certain un-American and subversive activities by requiring registration of Communist organizations, and for other purposes.
Who was Joseph Welch?
An attorney for the army who response McCarthy's accusations.
Why might the Arabs not have accepted the UN's new plan for Palestine?
Because they didn't want to have anything to do with the Jews and wanted Palestine to themselves.
Pyongyang
Capital of North Korea
Who was Mao Zedong and why was he significant?
China's communist leader, he was friends with russia and split up china and made Taiwan.
What was "containment" and who created this policy? (Hint: Who was George F. Kennan?)
Created by George F. Kennan. A policy to hold back the Soviets, using military or nonmilitary ways to not let Soviets gain control of other parts of the world
When was the UN created and why?
Established in 24 October 1945 to promote international co-operation. A replacement for the ineffective League of Nations, the organization was created following the Second World War to prevent another such conflict.
Which four countries controlled it?
France, U.S., Great Britain, and the Soviet Union
What was the Servicemen's Readjustment Act? What is another, more common name for it?
GI bill of rights; used to help soldiers and other military workers with money.
After World War II, which European country was divided among four nations and split between East (Communist) and West (Democratic)?
Germany
Allen Ginsburg
He was part of the beat generation. He wrote a poem called the "Howl". He opposed militarism, materialism and sexual repression.
What was HUAC? What does the acronym stand for?
House Un-American Activities Committee, it was an investigative committee of the United States House of Representatives.
How did it help the cause of civil rights?
It helped people get jobs, and some of those people were AA's
Who did Truman's Fair Deal help?
It helped the poor and the farmers
The Affluent Society
John Kenneth Galbraith's novel about America's post-war prosperity as a new phenomenon. Economy of scarcity --> economy of abundance.
Was it the Marshall Plan effective? Why or why not?
Just a bit, because it weakened the communists but not to much.
Inchon
Korean port from which American forces launched a successful attack against the North Korean army during the Korean War
What was the Taft-Hartley Act and why was it significant?
Limited the actions workers could take against their employers, it was significant because it allowed the government to stop any strikes temporarily.
What were the "blacklists"?
List of individuals whose loyalty was suspected
What happened to Joseph McCarthy?
No one liked his views, so the senate voted to censure him on conduct unbecoming a senator
What prompted the Korean War?
North Korea troops invaded South Korea.
Who was Joseph McCarthy and what role did he play in promoting Cold War fears in America?
Republican senator who led the hunt for communists
What was the Rosenberg Trial and why was it significant?
Rosenberg was put to trial for being part of the communist party.
What does the "Hollywood Ten" refer to?
Screenwriters and film directors who went to jail for refusing to answer questions about their political beliefs.
Pusan
Southeastern Port City in South Korea
Where is Yalta located?
Soviet Union, port on the black sea.
What was the Berlin Blockade? What was our response to it?
Stalin blocked Access to Berlin for western nations, our response was to try and get food to them any way we could, the Berlin Airlift
Who were the so-called "Big Three"?
The British Prime Minister: Winston Churchill, Soviet Premier: Joseph Stalin, and the President of the U.S.: Franklin D. Roosevelt
What happened in the Middle East that is still a HUGE problem today?
The Jews and Arabs both claimed Palestine, it was divided into Arab and Jewish states by the UN, the Jews accepted this, but the Arabs didn't.
What was the Marshall Plan?
The Marshall plan was used to help countries with economic troubles.
What independence movements sparked in the world following World War II? (p. 847)
The Philippines gained their Independance, India, Pakistan, and Burma also won their independance
Who were the "Dixiecrats," and who was their candidate?
The States' Rights Party, Henry Wallace.
What was the Yalta Conference and why was it important?
The Yalta Conference was a meeting of British prime minister Winston Churchill, Soviet premier Joseph Stalin, and President Franklin D. Roosevelt early in February 1945 as World War II was winding down.
Seoul
The capital of North Korea taken over many times in the war.
Who were the main leaders in the Korean war?
The communist in North Korea and the Americans in South Korea
Generation gap
The cultural separation between children and their parents
38th Parallel
The place where North and South Korea was split up into two countries.
What is the Truman Doctrine?
The policy of helping countries fight communism. It offered economic aid helping the US hold back the soviet threat of communism.
What was decided at this conference?
The three leaders agreed to demand Germany's unconditional surrender and began plans for a post-war world.
Why do you think the UN divided Palestine into two separate states, Jewish and Arab?
They did this so there would be no conflict between who will own Palestine
Why did many countries under European and American rule try to break free?
They wanted to be free of discrimination
What candidates did he compete against?
Thomas Dewey from New york and A governor in south carolina.
How did Truman feel about it and why?
Truman didn't like it, he vetoed it for the Democrats, but the congress overrode his veto
What happened to General MacArthur? Why?
Truman relieved him of his duty, because MacArthur wanted to bomb China and get the war done with, but Truman didn't want that.
What happened when Truman ran for president in 1948, after his first term had ended?
Truman went against Dewy and was said to win but Truman went around the states talking to people on his train thing, and Truman ended up winning.
What was Truman's Fair Deal?
Was an ambitious set of proposals put forward by U.S. President Harry S. Truman to Congress in his January 1949 State of the Union address.
What was the "iron curtain"? Who coined that phrase?
Was the ideological conflict and physical boundary dividing Europe into two separate areas, was coined up by Winston Churchill
The Organization Man
Written by William Whyte; attacked the way businesses wanted every employee to be just like the others to keep any individual from dominating or being a threat
What was the "Red Scare"?
fear of communists taking over America
Beats (short for "Beatniks")
was a media stereotype prevalent throughout the 1950s to mid-1960s that displayed the more superficial aspects of the Beat Generation literary movement of the 1950s.
White flight
working and middle-class white people move away from racial-minority suburbs or inner-city neighborhoods to white suburbs and exurbs