History Chapters 12, 13

Would gradually reduce the tariff of 1832 by about 10% over a period of 8 yrs

Compromise tariff of 1833

Missouri Compromise

Congress agreed to admit Missouri as a slave states but Maine had to be admitted as a separate states to keep it equal

Hartford Convention

Convention in Hartford Connecticut, this group met in secrecy for 3 weeks to discuss grievances and to seek redress for their wrongs -- ended the Federalists

Tariff of 1812

First tariff in American history primarily for protection, not revenue, of the American industries from Britain who tried to dump their warehouses on the US

Who became the only president in US history to be reelected after a term in which major financial panic began

Monroe

What increased in America after the War of 1812? And why?

Nationalism, because they felt as if they defeated the Brits

Stephen Decatur

Naval hero of the war of 1812 and Barbary Coast expeditions -- made the famous toast

What happened in the Battle of Lake Erie?

Oliver Hazard Perry, an American naval officer, built a fleet of green-timbered ships on the shores of Lake Erie managed by seamen. He captured a British fleet and he reported to his superior, "We have met the enemy and they are ours." This was an important victory for America

Who vetoed the handout to provide money for transportation improvements b/c they were unconstitutional?

President Madison

What did Jackson do to bury the bank for good?

Removed deposits from its vaults

Spoils System

Rewarding political supporters with public office

Treaty of Ghent

Signed on Christmas eve, was an armistice btw the US and Brit -- like a draw, both sides agreed to stop fighting and restore conquered territory

McCulloch vs. Maryland

State of Maryland tried to destroy a branch of the bank by imposing a tax on its notes

Did Americans have respect for the indians?

Yes, they wanted to civilize and Christianize them

Specie Circular

a decree that required all public lands to be purchased with metallic money

To a Western debtor, what was the US Bank?

a financial evil

What were some results of increased nationalism in America?

- Washington Irving and James Feinmore Cooper got recognition for the nation's first writers of importance to use American scenes and themes - Revived the Bank of the US - Army expanded

What were some main battles in the War of 1812?

Battle of lake Erie, Battle at Fort McHenry, Battle of New Orleans

Why did New England oppose federally constructed roads and canals

Because such outlets would further drain away population and create competing states

In the War of 1812, why did Americans try to have success on the water?

Because they didn't have a strong Army and Britain did (with Isaac Brock) but America had a better navy so they tried to defeat the Brits there

Rush-Bagot Agreement

Btw Brit and US, severely limited naval armament on the lakes

Where Santa Anna wiped out nearly 200 texans

Alamo

What did the Missouri Compromise seek to accomplish?

maintaining the balance between free and slave states

What was the primary significance of the Monroe Doctrine

outlined the noncolonization and nonintervention mandates regarding the Americas and beyond

The first national financial crisis, the panic of 1819, was caused primarily by

over speculation in western lands

What type of groups did the Whigs attract

people who were alienated by Jackson -- became a wealthy party

where surplus federal funds were places

pet banks

Nicholas Biddle

president of the 2nd bank of the us

As chief justice of the supreme court, John Marshall made a lasting impact in several decisions that

reinforced the doctrine of loose construction regarding the Constitution

What move made the US most fearful of new colonization in its territories in the 1820s

russian expansion beyond alaska

Dartmouth decision

safeguarded business enterprise from domination by the state govt

the texas revolution and independence posed a thorny issue for the US bc

texans sought annexation by the US

In his famed book about his tour through America, Democracy in America, Frenchmen Alexis de Tocqueville was most impressed by

the general equality of the American people

The "Era of Good feelings" refers to what

the presidency of James Monroe

the primary cause of the panic of 1837 was

widespread speculation and get-rich-quick schemes

Why was there an outcry for better transportation?

Because attempts to invade Canada failed because of bad transportation

Panic of 1819

Brought deflation, depression, bankruptcies, bank failures, unemployments, overcrowded debtors' prisons

What were the 5 civilized tribes

1. Cherokees 2. Creeks 3. Choctaws 4. Chickasaws 5. Seminoles

What were the 3 parts of the American System

1. Strong banking system 2. Protective tariff (revenues from the tariff would provide funds for part 3) 3. A network of roads and canals

Election of 1840 made 2 major changes

1. triumph of a populist democratic style 2. formation of a 2 party system

Martin Van Buren

8th pres, people felt let down by him, had alot of enemies, said no to Whig reforms when the govt was struggling

The South Carolina Exposition

A pamphlet written by John C. Calhoun to protest against the tariff (in SC) -- wanted the nullification of the tariff

Monroe Doctrine

Adams got Monroe to agree with his way of thinking that Brit was trying to trick them

Florida Purchase Treaty

After Andy Jackson went crazy taking over Florida, Spain gave up Florida to the US

What was the result of the Battle of New Orleans?

Americans were ecstatic, AJ became a national hero, unleashed a wave of national and self-confidence for America

When NY tried to grant to a private concern a monopoly of waterborne commerce btw NY and NJ

Gibbons vs. Ogden

Where a band of about 400 Texans surrounded and defeated Mexican army soldiers

Goliad

American System

Henry Clay's plan for developing a profitable home market

Why was The Era of Good Feelings a misnomer?

It started off good, but later there were issues of the tariff, the bank, internal improvements, and sale of public lands were being hotly contested + there was a slavery conflict

Nullification Crisis

John C. Calhoun (SC) & others pushed for nullification of the tariff in S. Carolina; showed the divide b/w north & south

Who was the chief justice at the time?

John Marshall

Explain the corrupt bargain that occurred in the the election in 1828?

John Quincy Adams was elected president with Henry Clay as secretary of state, Andrew Jackson's supporters were upset bc they believed Adams bribed Clay with the position so he could be president

In the west, authorized a buyer to purchase 80 virgin acres at a minimum of $1.25 an acre in cash

Land Act of 1820

Trail of Tears

Many Indians died trying to relocate to Oklahoma

Who was hit the hardest in this panic?

The west because the Bank of US forced Western banks to the wall and foreclosed mortgages on countless farms

What were some issues brought up during the Hartford Convention?

They demanded financial assistance from Washington to compensate for lost trade and constitutional amendments requiring a 2/3's vote in Congress before an embargo, new states admitted, or war declared...wanted to abolish the 3/5 slave clause...wanted to limit presidents to a single term...prohibit election of 2 successive presidents from the same state

Indian Removal Act

Transplanted all indian tribes then resident east of the Mississippi

Which two countries came to share the world's longest unfortified boundary?

US and Canada

What happened at the Battle of New Orleans?

Victory over the British with the help of Andrew Jackson

Tariff of Abominations

What Southerners called the Tariff in 1828, they hated it bc they thought that the tariff discriminated against them, on imports of wool and other raw materials -- it supported the North and West but opposed the Old South

Era of Good Feelings

When James Monroe became pres.

Fletcher vs. Peck

When a Georgia legislature, swayed by bribery, granted 35 mil acres in the Yazoo River country to private speculators. The decision was that it was a contract and the constitution forbids "impairing" contracts

Bank War of 1832

When many people were against the bank, Congress renews charter for Bank of US, Jackson vetoes bc he felt it was unconstitutional

What happened at the Battle at Fort McHenry?

When the Brit invaders set fire to the public buildings including the Capitol and the White House, Americans at Baltimore held firm when the Brit fleet hammered Fort McHenry with their cannon but could not capture the city. Francis Scott Key watched the bombardment and was inspired to write the Star-Spangled Banner.

San Jacinto

Where Sam Houston's small army lured Santa Anna, near the site of modern day Houston

Which of the following statements does NOT describe the Hartford Convention of 1814? a. It strengthened the position of the Federalist party b. it sought to remove the 3/5's compromise from the Constitution c. it included the threat of secession by northern states d. it featured demands for Washington to help compensate New England merchants for wartime financial losses e. it sought a 2/3's vote in Congress for embargoes, admitting new states and declaring a war

a. It strengthened the position of the Federalist party

Encouraged by the Russian tsar, the 1814 Treaty of Ghent? a. ended the fighting and restored the territories b. forced Britain to compensate America for impressments and confiscated property during the war c. demonstrated America's decisive victory against the British d. granted Britain a neutralized Indian buffer zone in the Great Lakes e. gave part of Main to Britain

a. ended the fighting and restored the territories

John Quincy Adams was largely a unpopular president for all of the following reasons EXCEPT that he a. replaced existing officeholders with his political supporters b. supported federal construction of roads and a national university c. sought to curb land speculation in the West d. was seen has having stolen the 1824 election e. was unwilling to court or campaign for public approval

a. replaced existing officeholders with his political supporters

What was the Cherokee strategy for dealing with white enrichment?

accomodation

Force or "Blood" Bill

authorized the president to use army and navy if necessary to collect federal tariff duties

Which of the following was NOT true of the battle of New Orleans? a. It made Andrew Jackson a national hero b. It occurred two weeks before the war ended c. It restored America's sense of honor d. Its outcome triggered the British to blockade America's coastline e. It was Britain's most devastating loss in the war

b. It occurred two weeks before the war ended

Which of these statements about the election of 1828 is NOT true? a. the two main contenders were both republicans b. adams refused to engage in the negative campaign tactics that jackson used c. jackson's campaign depicted him as the champion of the common man d. it revealed a shift in political power toward new states west of the eastern seaboard e. the vote in the middle states was split between both candidates

b. adams refused to engage in the negative campaign tactics that jackson used

Andrew Jackson

became president next, 1st president from the West, he was vulgar and crazy, opposite of conservative

The election of 1832 changed the face of American politics by

beginning the tradition of nominating conventions

Although globally unimportant, the War of 1812 was vitally important to the US for all of the following reasons EXCEPT that it a. inspired a new nationalism in the US b. yielded a greater respect for America's military might from the rest of the world c. increased naval presence to protect the Great Lakes d. stimulated the development of American manufacturing e. led to Indian treaties that ceded large sections of the region north of the ohio river to the US

c. increased naval presence to protect the Great Lakes

Which of the following did NOT lead to the US acquisition of Florida from Spain? a. revolutions in central and south america b. rumors that seminole indians and fugitive slaves were using Florida as refuge c. raids by andrew jackson d. america's offer to purchase the state from Spain for 5 mil e. a treaty in which America agreed to cede Texas claims in exchange for Florida

d. america's offer to purchase the state from Spain for 5 mil

Southerners hated the so called tariff of abominations for all of the following reasons except that they a. felt that it favored the south b. feared that would lead the federal govt to interfere with slavery c. had little manufacturing and had to purchase the items affected by the tariff d. thought that it would stall their thriving economy e. felt that that govt was overstepping its authority

d. thought that it would stall their thriving economy

What was the main diff btw the Whigs and the Democrats

democrats favored states' rights, whigs sought federal involvement, including tariffs, schools, internal improvements, and a national bank

The three decisive battles that turned the War of 1812 around, in the Americans' favor were? a. Montréal, Detroit, and Niagara b. Louisiana, Kentucky, and Tennessee c. Erie, New England, and New Orleans d. New England, Baltimore, New Orleans e. New York, Washington, and New Orleans

e. New York, Washington, and New Orleans

All of these factors pushed new settlers toward the West beginning in the late 1820s, EXCEPT a. nonslaveholding southerners seeking land and improved social status b. the rapid development of transportation netowrks along the canals and other inland waterways c. northeasterners seeking to tap the region as a profitable outlet for the East Coast d. soil depletion, particularly in tobacco country e. promises of free government land

e. promises of free government land

Stephen Austin

founder of Texas, supported Texas through the revolution with Mexico

What was the major significance of the spoils system as employed by Andrew jackson

it became an important tool of the emerging two party system