History of Floral Design

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Characteristics of American Period

-Baileys Cyclopedia -Garden Clubs (originated with) -Oriental Influence (simplicity and line) -European Influence (mass --flemish) -oriental and european = geometric -geometric is uniquely American style

Characteristics of the Oriental Period

-Chinese influence -"mother of gardening: for their love of the natural beauty and deep appreciation for flowers and art -development of ceramics to the point of becoming an art form and more affordable by general populous, not just the wealthy -Six cannons of design by Hsieh Ho

Characteristics of Egyptian Period

-earliest known flower arranging -used of flowers in vases -highly stylized arrangements -flowers used for burials, processions, table decorations -arranged flowers found carved on stone relics -flowers = symbolic and religious -in sprouted vases with no visible stems and in regimented rows

Byzantine Art

-eastern Roman Empire -emerged from Rome's decline and lasted until the Fall of Constantinople in 1453 (the capital---now Istanbul) -powerful economic, cultural and military force -legalized Christianity -mosaic and ivory art work

Characteristics of Greek Period

-first commercial florist for everyday garlands -cornucopia, garlands and wreaths -flowers and herbs used for adornment -no vases -olive branches were placed in terracotta -tossed petals on floors and beds -acorns, oak leaves, laurel, ivy, bay and parsley -laurel wreaths were given to Olympic winners, civic leaders, soldiers and poets as a symbol of power, honor, allegiance and dedication

more about the Victorian Period

-first time anyone tried to establish official floristry rules -prim and proper society -tussie mussie and nosegay bouquets became a necessity at social gatherings -language of flowers, giving single-flower bouquets to convey specific meanings

Characteristics of the Roman Period

-imported roses from Egypt to have a year round supply

Kerman Vase Carpet

-named after Kerman; a city in south central Iran (16th and 17th centuries) -allover pattern of stylized flowers and oversized palmettes with vases placed throughout the fields -Damask rose is the most popular motif in their designs -known to be the best: wide range of designs, a broad palette, natural dyes and fibers, great tensile strength, expert color combinations -no two are alike

Characteristics of the Flemish Period

-painters set the floral design styles -Baroque Period ran parallel with Flemish -most floral designs were tall and massive using many flowers of an unrestrained color palette -shape of arrangements tended to be oval and symmetrical -use of accessories like fans, birds, birds nest and butterflies -curved designs, C-curved, S-Hogarth shapes -flowers paired together that would never be found in the natural world -large and flamboyant -included flowers like iris, peony, marigold, hollyhock and rose

More about Flemish/Dutch period

-paintings depict the style of day Ambrosius Bosschaert and de Heem -the procedure for painting these pictures of multi-season flowers -the term Flemish Bouquet is synonymous with mass and lots of different flowers -tulip mania

moribana

-piled up flowers -massive -use of rocks

Characteristics of the Victorian/ Romantic Period

-post holders (tussie mussie) -enhanced the use of personal flowers -the beginnings of our modern day corsages, wedding bouquets and myriad of other personal flowers -named after Queen Victoria -designed showcase full of elaborate arrangements -upper society used flower arrangements to show off their wealth at parties -excessive, opulent, overdone arrangements for homes -typically round or oval -used lots of foliage and flowers kept at lower heights -strong color contrasts and brilliant hues -fruit from the same garden as the flowers was added

Characteristics of the Byzantine Period

-precise dome shape in the architecture of the time -use of elaborate containers -tree like compositions -espaliers -Alice in Wonderland type of floral designs -flowers and fruit were used in garlands

Tulip Mania

-prices for recently introduced tulip reached extraordinarily high levels and then suddenly collapsed -some single tulips sold for more than 10 times the annual income of a skilled craftsworker -generally considered the first recorded spectualtive (economic) bubble

preferred flowers of the ancient greeks

-roses -hyacinths -honeysuckle -violets -lilies -tulips -larkspur -marigolds

Characteristics of Modern Period

-several stages but none lasting longer than 20 years -1890-1910 = Art Nouveau -1920-1930 = Art Deco -1950-1960 = Free Form expression (more like art than nature) -1960-1970 = Geometric Mass Design - tight geometric bouquets combined mass with lines -present = constant state of growth

Persian Influence

-tapestry tugs -papier mache figurines and later vessels

Present Day Floral Design

-thousands of flowers hybrids -flowers available year round -new high tech mechanical aids -creative artists

Chinese mother of gardening

-water, stones, plants -lotus pond -rock as sculpture -pavilions -walls -winding paths

classical period

1. Egyptian 2. Greek 3. Roman 4. Byzantine

Six Principles of Chinese Painting (according to Hsieh Ho)

1. Spirit Resonance = harmony, energy 2. Bone Method = using the brush, texture, form 3. Correspondence to the Object = form, shape, line 4. Suitability to Type = color, tone, values 5. Division and Planning = spacing, depth, rhythm 6. Transmission by Copying = copying from life

Persian Period

1300-1700

Flemish Periods

1600 AD-1775 AD

Victorian/ Romantic Period

1830-1900 AD

Modern (contemporary) period

1890-2000

American Period

1910-present

Roman Period

28 BC to 325 AD

Egyptian period

2800 BC - 28 BC

Byzantine Period

320 AD - 600 AD

Oriental Period

500 BC to present

Japanese Period

580 AD to present

Greek Period

600 BC to 146 BC

Dies Rosationis

After a person dies the family would gather at a rose bedecked grave and lay more roses in remembrance of that person

Characteristics of Japanese Period

Ikebana= "Living Flowers"- Japanese flower arranging -shin, soe, tai, tokonoma, moribana, rikkwa -Usabata = Japanese flower vase

tokonoma

Japanese recessed space for artistic display

sacred to Isis

Nelumbo nucifera Lotus

Tulipomania location

Netherlands, Europe

Sub Rosa

Roman custom of hanging a wreath of white roses from the ceiling, and all things beneath the wreath was to be kept a secret

highest priced tulip

Semper Agustus

breaking

caused by a virus that can be transmitted from one plant to another

tai

earth

shin

heaven

soe

man

original Flemish designs

merely paintings created to satisfy the gardening desires of wealthy merchants -the style eventually became popular in actual fresh flower designs too

rikkwa

standing flowers -1st style of Ikebana -done by Buddhist priests -huge (12-15 feet tall) to be in scale with temple

Egyptians used

the irrigation system which provided water to the crops, flowers and vegetation


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