History of Floral Design
Characteristics of American Period
-Baileys Cyclopedia -Garden Clubs (originated with) -Oriental Influence (simplicity and line) -European Influence (mass --flemish) -oriental and european = geometric -geometric is uniquely American style
Characteristics of the Oriental Period
-Chinese influence -"mother of gardening: for their love of the natural beauty and deep appreciation for flowers and art -development of ceramics to the point of becoming an art form and more affordable by general populous, not just the wealthy -Six cannons of design by Hsieh Ho
Characteristics of Egyptian Period
-earliest known flower arranging -used of flowers in vases -highly stylized arrangements -flowers used for burials, processions, table decorations -arranged flowers found carved on stone relics -flowers = symbolic and religious -in sprouted vases with no visible stems and in regimented rows
Byzantine Art
-eastern Roman Empire -emerged from Rome's decline and lasted until the Fall of Constantinople in 1453 (the capital---now Istanbul) -powerful economic, cultural and military force -legalized Christianity -mosaic and ivory art work
Characteristics of Greek Period
-first commercial florist for everyday garlands -cornucopia, garlands and wreaths -flowers and herbs used for adornment -no vases -olive branches were placed in terracotta -tossed petals on floors and beds -acorns, oak leaves, laurel, ivy, bay and parsley -laurel wreaths were given to Olympic winners, civic leaders, soldiers and poets as a symbol of power, honor, allegiance and dedication
more about the Victorian Period
-first time anyone tried to establish official floristry rules -prim and proper society -tussie mussie and nosegay bouquets became a necessity at social gatherings -language of flowers, giving single-flower bouquets to convey specific meanings
Characteristics of the Roman Period
-imported roses from Egypt to have a year round supply
Kerman Vase Carpet
-named after Kerman; a city in south central Iran (16th and 17th centuries) -allover pattern of stylized flowers and oversized palmettes with vases placed throughout the fields -Damask rose is the most popular motif in their designs -known to be the best: wide range of designs, a broad palette, natural dyes and fibers, great tensile strength, expert color combinations -no two are alike
Characteristics of the Flemish Period
-painters set the floral design styles -Baroque Period ran parallel with Flemish -most floral designs were tall and massive using many flowers of an unrestrained color palette -shape of arrangements tended to be oval and symmetrical -use of accessories like fans, birds, birds nest and butterflies -curved designs, C-curved, S-Hogarth shapes -flowers paired together that would never be found in the natural world -large and flamboyant -included flowers like iris, peony, marigold, hollyhock and rose
More about Flemish/Dutch period
-paintings depict the style of day Ambrosius Bosschaert and de Heem -the procedure for painting these pictures of multi-season flowers -the term Flemish Bouquet is synonymous with mass and lots of different flowers -tulip mania
moribana
-piled up flowers -massive -use of rocks
Characteristics of the Victorian/ Romantic Period
-post holders (tussie mussie) -enhanced the use of personal flowers -the beginnings of our modern day corsages, wedding bouquets and myriad of other personal flowers -named after Queen Victoria -designed showcase full of elaborate arrangements -upper society used flower arrangements to show off their wealth at parties -excessive, opulent, overdone arrangements for homes -typically round or oval -used lots of foliage and flowers kept at lower heights -strong color contrasts and brilliant hues -fruit from the same garden as the flowers was added
Characteristics of the Byzantine Period
-precise dome shape in the architecture of the time -use of elaborate containers -tree like compositions -espaliers -Alice in Wonderland type of floral designs -flowers and fruit were used in garlands
Tulip Mania
-prices for recently introduced tulip reached extraordinarily high levels and then suddenly collapsed -some single tulips sold for more than 10 times the annual income of a skilled craftsworker -generally considered the first recorded spectualtive (economic) bubble
preferred flowers of the ancient greeks
-roses -hyacinths -honeysuckle -violets -lilies -tulips -larkspur -marigolds
Characteristics of Modern Period
-several stages but none lasting longer than 20 years -1890-1910 = Art Nouveau -1920-1930 = Art Deco -1950-1960 = Free Form expression (more like art than nature) -1960-1970 = Geometric Mass Design - tight geometric bouquets combined mass with lines -present = constant state of growth
Persian Influence
-tapestry tugs -papier mache figurines and later vessels
Present Day Floral Design
-thousands of flowers hybrids -flowers available year round -new high tech mechanical aids -creative artists
Chinese mother of gardening
-water, stones, plants -lotus pond -rock as sculpture -pavilions -walls -winding paths
classical period
1. Egyptian 2. Greek 3. Roman 4. Byzantine
Six Principles of Chinese Painting (according to Hsieh Ho)
1. Spirit Resonance = harmony, energy 2. Bone Method = using the brush, texture, form 3. Correspondence to the Object = form, shape, line 4. Suitability to Type = color, tone, values 5. Division and Planning = spacing, depth, rhythm 6. Transmission by Copying = copying from life
Persian Period
1300-1700
Flemish Periods
1600 AD-1775 AD
Victorian/ Romantic Period
1830-1900 AD
Modern (contemporary) period
1890-2000
American Period
1910-present
Roman Period
28 BC to 325 AD
Egyptian period
2800 BC - 28 BC
Byzantine Period
320 AD - 600 AD
Oriental Period
500 BC to present
Japanese Period
580 AD to present
Greek Period
600 BC to 146 BC
Dies Rosationis
After a person dies the family would gather at a rose bedecked grave and lay more roses in remembrance of that person
Characteristics of Japanese Period
Ikebana= "Living Flowers"- Japanese flower arranging -shin, soe, tai, tokonoma, moribana, rikkwa -Usabata = Japanese flower vase
tokonoma
Japanese recessed space for artistic display
sacred to Isis
Nelumbo nucifera Lotus
Tulipomania location
Netherlands, Europe
Sub Rosa
Roman custom of hanging a wreath of white roses from the ceiling, and all things beneath the wreath was to be kept a secret
highest priced tulip
Semper Agustus
breaking
caused by a virus that can be transmitted from one plant to another
tai
earth
shin
heaven
soe
man
original Flemish designs
merely paintings created to satisfy the gardening desires of wealthy merchants -the style eventually became popular in actual fresh flower designs too
rikkwa
standing flowers -1st style of Ikebana -done by Buddhist priests -huge (12-15 feet tall) to be in scale with temple
Egyptians used
the irrigation system which provided water to the crops, flowers and vegetation
