History of Rock and Roll (MU 1133) Chapter 2

How was Buddy Holly influential as a songwriter

He wrote songs in different forms

Elvis's first single for RCA was

Heartbreak Hotel

The country and western chart was originally called

Hillbilly

How was Elvis's image and music used to appeal to a wider audience?

His time in the military was used to turn him into a good boy

Although he covered many rhythm and blues songs, ______ played a central role in establishing rock and roll in mainstream pop in the 1950s.

Pat Boone

The song helped launch Elvis Presley's career at Sun Records.

That's All Right (Mama)

radio show hosted by Alan Freed

The Moondog Show

Which of the following statements about Buddy Holly is FALSE

Which of the following statements about Buddy Holly is FALSE

crossover success for Jerry Lee Lewis

Whole Lotta Shakin' Goin' On

A crossover song is:

a song or record appearing on multiple music charts

Gene Vincent and Eddie Cochran were particularly popular with

audiences in England

Early in his career, Elvis was marketed as a:

country and western artist

The practice of payola involved:

creating business friendships with disc jockeys by offering gifts

Elvis is often thought of as a song stylist because he

did not write his own songs but chose which material he would record.

The emergence of rock and roll in the 1950s can be attributed to the relationship between DJs and

indie record labels

The "whitening" of rhythm and blues was marked by

lyrics changed to dance references instead of sexual innuendos

Which of the following was a trademark of Little Richard's music

maniacal singing

original marketing term for rhythm and blues

race records

The congressional hearings on the payola scandal focused on

radio stations that played rock and roll

All of the following are elements of Chuck Berry's music EXCEPT

songs geared toward adult black listeners

As a song, "Roll Over Beethoven" celebrates

teenagers listening to rhythm and blues.

The success of crossover artists significantly reduced

the crossover potential for the original artists

Whom did ASCAP represent during the payola scandal

traditional pop songwriters

"That'll Be the Day" was the first hit for

Buddy Holly

All of the following were artists with Sun Records EXCEPT

Buddy Holly

____ often performed a trademark "duck walk" during guitar solos.

Chuck Berry

Alan Freed began his career in

Cleveland

Elvis Presley's manager

Colonel Tom Parker

To which independent label was Little Richard signed

Specialty

Which of the following was NOT a major record label in the 1950s

Sun

Chuck Berry's first hit on Chess Records

"Maybellene"

the American Society of Composers, Artists, and Performers

ASCAP

received coauthor credit for the song "Maybellene"

Alan Freed

Two high-profile individuals associated with the payola scandal were

Alan Freed and Dick Clark

The Rock and Roll Party was

Alan Freed's radio show in New York

All of the following are examples of crossover artists EXCEPT

Big Joe Turner

Who took control of American popular music as the first wave of rock and roll ended?

Big record companies

Which 1950s movie featured Bill Haley's "(We're Gonna) Rock around the Clock"?

Blackboard Jungle

Which song was the first million-selling single for Sun Records?

Blue Suede Shoes

female rockabilly singer

Brenda Lee

(T/F) Along with Buddy Holly, Ritchie Valens and Little Richard were killed in the same plane crash.

False

(T/F) Cover versions of rhythm and blues songs by white artists very rarely performed better on the pop charts than the rhythm and blues originals.

False

(T/F) Elvis is best thought of as a master songwriter who wrote in a variety of pop genres

False

(T/F) Elvis's recordings with RCA helped establish a style that came to be called "rockabilly."

False

(T/F) It was a common practice for major record labels to watch the country and western charts for hits and then cover those songs for the pop market.

False

Little Richard's aggressive piano playing and "wild man" image were a direct contrast to

Fats Domino

Why did Sam Phillips sell Elvis's contract

He needed the money for the company

Explain how payola was beneficial to indie record labels as well as independent radio stations.

It allowed for the indie songs to be aired since major companies weren't paying DJs to promote their music

Why did rhythm and blues artists often opt for a flat fee for their recordings?

It was the only thing they could work with since the record companies did not have a lot of money and were too financially unstable for royalties to be a safe bet

Which Sun Records singer was dubbed the "female Elvis"?

Janis Martin

The first rock-and-roll artist to cultivate the "wild man" persona was

Little Richard

_____ was probably the most flamboyant performer in the early years of rock and roll.

Little Richard

All of the following events affected the first wave of rock and roll EXCEPT

Pat Boone having the first rock-and-roll hit song

Elvis Presley's contract was bought by

RCA Records

was a regional radio show in Memphis hosted by Dewey Phillips

Red, Hot, and Blue

Whom did BMI represent during the payola scandal

Rock and Roll

Explain why the act of payola was NOT deemed an illegal activity

Rules covering gifts having to be acknowledge did not cove exchanging money for airtime

The "slapback echo" was a rockabilly feature pioneered by

Sam Phillips

Who started Sun Records in Memphis?

Sam Phillips

song originally performed by Big Joe Turner

Shake, Rattle, and Roll

ESSAY: How did the music industry cope with the sudden growth of rock and roll in the 1950s? What steps were taken by both independent and major labels to ensure they remained viable in the changing musical climate?

The music industry was not ready for the growth of rock and roll. The major record companies didn't acknowledge the development of it and were hurt when people started listening to rock and roll music. The independent companies played regionally since regional stations were overlooked and often ignored since money came from the cities. The independent stations had an advantage in the increase of rock and roll since they were already playing it on their stations. For that stations that were not playing it already, they payed DJs to play their records on the air and promote them, so their music would not fall out of style. Major record labels sued to regain their advantage over smaller companies.

What is the purpose of music-industry periodicals such as Cashbox and Billboard?

They were charts that showed what was selling and used to predict future trends

(T/F) Before Elvis signed a major record deal, major labels were NOT interested in rock and roll

True

(T/F) Both Buddy Holly and Chuck Berry wrote music that was intended for a pop audience with influences of country and western and rhythm and blues.

True

(T/F) Both independent and major record labels used payola

True

(T/F) Fats Domino, Chuck Berry, and Little Richard were all artists recorded on independent labels

True

(T/F) Most of rock's originators and many of the independent labels they worked for were out of the music business by 1960.

True

(T/F) To many teenagers, Alan Freed was the father of rock and roll

True

(T/F) White artists covering Little Richard's music left out much of the sexual innuendo in his lyrics

True

trademark of Buddy Holly

vocal hiccup

As a result of the payola scandal, Alan Freed

was run out of the music business