History quiz: The renaissance begins

Who was the Medici family?

- The Medici's allowed the ideas of humanism to spread through Florence - Lorenzo "the Magnificant": Medici (the most famous of the medici's) used the money to patron artists, architects, and writers. - Was a "Renaissance Man" - excelled at many things (poet, banker, artist)

Italian city states

- The Renaissance Began in Florence, Italy - Started by a family called the Medici - Florence was ruled by the powerful Medici family

Italian City- States: Rome

- The renaissance moved to Rome in the early 1500s - Pope controlled Rome and the Papal States - The popes were patrons to many different artists to decorate the palaces and churches

Italian City-States: Venice

- Venice had a monopoly over the trade with Asia- made Venice $$$$$$ - Venice was the wealthiest Italian-City state in the renaissance - Made fortune by shipbuilding and trade - Venice had a republican form of government, headed by a Dodge - The doge, or duke, controlled the day-to-day activities of the city

Medici

A family who ruled Florence

Republic

A form of government in which citizens elect representatives to rule for them

Dante Aligheri

A great Italian author of the Renaissance who wrote "The Divine Comedy".

Renaissance

A great flowering of culture based on Classical Greek and roman ideas and art that began in Italy in the late Middle Ages.

Humanism

A philosophy that tries to balance religious faith with an emphasis on individual dignity and an interest in nature and human society

Contrast

A strong difference between two or more things

William Shakespeare

An English Renaissance poet and play write whose plays show a deep understanding of human behavior. 1) Romeo and Juliet; 2) Macbeth; 3) Julius Caesar; 4) Hamlet; 5) Tempest; 6) Midsummer Night's Dream

Duomo

An Italian cathedral

Florence

An Italian city-state leading as a culture center during the renaissance

City-State

An independent state consisting of a city and its surrounding territory

What are the 'Classics'?

Ancient Greek and Roman art, literature, writing, and learning.

Jan van Eyck

Arnolfini Wedding - Northern Renaissance Painting

Classical art

Art influenced by the styles and techniques of Ancient Greece and Rome

Where was Italy near?

Close to Byzantine empire (close to old trade routes established by Constantinople) ---- reopening of the silk rode

Humanities

Collectively areas of study that focused on human life and culture such as history, literature, and ethics

Summary of Don Quixote

DQ lived in a small town (La Mancha); While reading a book about a knight he decided to begin pretending he was a knight and told his servant (sancho) they needed to go on a journey. He hallucinates many adventures including fighting an army (a herd of men with sheep), fights monsters (windmills) who have captured the beautiful girl--gets hurt and goes back home--and reads another book and thinks he has to go on another journey.

Why did the Renaissance begin in Italy?

Development of Italian City-States (e.g. Florence, Venice, Genoa, Milan, and Rome)

What is humanism and how was it the backbone of the Renaissance?

Emphasis on humanity and the present life; studying, learning, enjoying--less of a focus on the next life and more a focus on this life. This concept was the backbone of the Renaissance because it allowed people to focus on enjoying their present lives and to spend their money on beautiful things (art, buildings, music, literature). Artists find support from wealthy merchants who pay them to make these works of art.

Why is Florence considered "the cradle" of the Renaissance?

Florence is considered "the cradle" because that's were the Renaissance began.

Currency

Form of money used in a country

Authorized

Having official permission or approval: an authorized dealer authorized access to the computer.

What contributed to this new way of thinking in Europe?

Humanism- The belief that man has beauty, worth, and dignity The decline of the power of the Catholic Church led to the growth of Humanism. The Black death led to the Catholic Church in declining. Another reason why the church decline was because the economy rose and they are focusing more on city states and trade and commerce. All this took place in the city states.

What are patrons of the arts?

Individuals who provide money, shelter, etc. to artists to create works of art.

Where did the Black Death originate?How did it spread to Europe?

It originated from Central Asia, probably China. It spread from infected fleas that lived on rats which went through the silk roads.

What was the Renaissance the rebirth of?

It was a rebirth of interests in classical (Ancient Greek & Roman) Art, literature, writing, and learning

Leonardo Da Vinci

Italian painter, scientist, and engineer. His paintings are notable for their use of the technique of sfumato and include the Virgin of the Rocks, The Last Supper, and the Mona Lisa. He devoted himself to a wide range of other subjects from anatomy and biology to mechanics and hydraulics: his 19 notebooks include studies of the human circulatory system and plans for a type of aircraft and submarine.

Machiavelli

Italian writer famous for "The Prince". He wrote about the skills a leader should have such as: intelligence, boldness, good to be feared, maintain power, and ruthless.

What three geographic factors contributed to the renaissance?

Italy was in the middle of the Mediterranean Sea as a peninsula - It was close to the Silk Road - The crusaders brought back goods and trade to Italy - Marco Polo brought back a book about China

How long did the Renaissance last?

Lasted from 1350 until 1600

Who was Marco Polo? And what did he bring back?

Marco Polo (an Italian) brought back stories of Chinese goods

What is another word for Renaissance? Why was this term used?

Means Rebirth; there was a 'rebirth' of arts and sciences during this time. Emphasis on this life rather than the afterlife.

What are the differences between Medieval and Renaissance art?

Medieval art was flat (2D) and focused on religious subjects with very little use of light and shadow. Also, colors are subdued and lots of gold used. Renaissance art was classically influenced and focused on individuals. It contained perspective and much more realistic figures showing emotions (could be clothed or nude). Renaissance art tried to be as realistic as possible with warm, rich colors.

Michelangelo - artworks 3

Moses

Why were oil painting an improvement over older styles?

Oils come in greater color variety, and the oils dry more slowly allowing more layers and combinations to be made.

What were the effects of the Black Death?

Peasants bought more rights and fair pay because there were less serfs because of the plaque. They got to go into town because of their money.

What is perspective?

Perspective shows depth and shadows. Three-dimensional artworks (not flat); difference between foreground and background

Michelangelo - artworks 2

Pieta

Petrarch

Poet and scholar; encouraged Europeans to look for Latin manuscript; built libraries throughout Europe and wanted people to think and write more.

Secular

Relating to earthly life rather than to religious or spiritual matters

Raphael

School of Athens - focuses on Plato and Aristotle who are debating the way government should work

Michelangelo - artworks 4

Sistine Chapel

Emphasis

Special importance

Botticelli

The Birth of Venus

Donatello

The David

Michelangelo - artworks

The David

What is the "Divine Comedy" about?

The Divine Comedy takes Dante on a journey through Heaven, Hell, and Paradise. In Hell, Dante is taken on a tour by Virgil through the many circles of hell where they discuss sins and their punishments. A great accomplishment of Italian literature.

What is the Duomo and who designed it?

The Duomo is a grand cathedral designed by Filippo Brunelleschi.

Leonardo Da Vinci - artworks

The Last Supper and The Mona Lisa

Why did the Renaissance begin in Italy?

The Renaissance began in the Italian city-states because they had the wealth from the commerce and trade of the Middle Ages. For some time, Venice had outfitted the crusaders and was the conduit for the silk and spice trade from India and China.

Miguel Cervantes

The Spanish Renaissance author of the masterpiece Don Quixote.

Individualism

The belief of the importance of an individual's achievements and dignity

How did the church's beliefs conflict with Renaissance beliefs?

The church believed that humans should focus on religion and the afterlife. Things that brought pleasure should be limited to please God and humanists wanted to enjoy their lives with beautiful art, music, literature. Humanists want to spend their money of worldly objects and the church felt this was inappropriate behavior.

Doge

The doge, or duke, controlled the day-to-day activities of the city

Don Quixote

The hero of a romance by Cervantes, a satirical account of chivalric beliefs and conduct. The character Don Quixote is typified by a romantic vision and naive, unworldly idealism.

How did the Renaissance spread throughout Europe?

The invention of the printing press by Johannes Gutenberg allowed many more printed materials than before. The printed materials allowed these new humanist ideals to be spread much faster and with less expense than before. People were also able to read material in English rather than Latin which allowed them to learn and interpret ideas for themselves. This is another way the church lost power.

New world

The name given by Europeans to the Americans, which we unknown to most of Europeans before the voyages of Christopher Columbus.

Why were the Medici's beloved by the people of Florence?

They were just and fair rulers. They provided money to the arts to make Florence beautiful.

What is fresco?

When paint is combined with wet plaster to be added directly onto walls.

Sir Thomas More

Wrote "utopia." Described a perfect, ideal world. Ruled by reason and logic, and promoted equal rights, tolerance and education. Paid a great price for his ideals.