History Unit 5.2

sovereignty

Supreme power or authority.

Charles V

other name for Charles I of Spain

Africa

Prince Henry initiated a program of exploration to find a route to the East Indies, by sailing around _____.

Council of the Indies

Spanish Latin America was governed by the king or the _____.

Cuauhtemoc

an Aztec king and warrior

Tenochtitlan

city of Mexico

Ferdinand Magellan

wanted to sail around the world

church and state

Charles V succeeded in uniting:

conquistador

A Spanish conqueror in North America or South America, especially in Mexico, or Peru under Cortes and Pizarro during the 1500s.

viceroyalty

A Spanish province in Latin America administered by a person appointed by the crown or the Council of the Indies.

friars

A member of certain religious orders of the Roman Catholic Church.

Iberian Peninsula

A peninsula in southwestern Europe consisting of the countries of Spain and Portugal.

mulatto

A person having one white and one Negro parent; being of white and Negro blood.

mestizo

A person of Spanish and American Indian descent.

encomienda

A policy whereby a certain number of Indian slaves were granted to landowners by the king.

1588

A storm, a strong current, and swift vessels helped the British defeat the Armada in:

Moors

An ethnic group of mixed Berber and Arab stock living in northwestern Africa.

Vasco da Gama

By circumnavigating Africa, __________ Gama became the first European to reach the East Indies by sea.

papal line of Demarcation

In 1480, to divide the new lands between Spain and Portugal, the pope drew the first:

Cape of Storms

In 1487 Bartholomew Dias discovered the tip of Africa, which he called the:

Brazil

Portugal's only colony in the New World was:

thirty years war

One of the reasons for the ____________was that Catholics were converting to Lutheranism and taking their lands with them.

lacked resources, population, and size

Portugal had difficulty colonizing because they:

contact Japan and China

Portugal was the first European nation to:

trading

Portugal's main source of economic support came through the business of _____.

iconoclasm

The attacking of cherished beliefs or traditional institutions, whether based on error or superstition.

Catholic

The church was responsible for presenting the gospel to the Indians

peonage

The condition or service of a person doing work that requires little skill (the practice of holding persons to work off debts).

mercantilism

The economic policy which included the idea that all colonies existed for the benefit of the mother country was:

circumnavigate

To sail around.

opulence

Wealth; riches.

much of their territory had been taken over by European powers, Napoleon forced people to flee from Portugal, Spain conquered Portugal, and Portugal did not have enough money or people to compete with other European nations

What are the four reasons for Portugal's decline as a world power?

Sumatra, China, Java, Africa, Japan, the New World

What countries or areas did Portugal contact, colonize, or establish posts in?

peninsular

What was the upper class of Latin America known as?

encomienda, peonage

When the was abandoned because of a declining Indian population, a system of was formed.

Hernando Cortes

conquered the Aztecs

Francisco Pizarro

conquered the Incas

Christopher Columbus

discovered the new world

Atahualpa

the Incan emperor

Quetzalcoatl

the great blond god of the Aztecs

Andes Mountains

the home of the Incas

Counter Reformation

the reconversion of people back to Catholicism