Honors Bio Hunt semester 1 final

Which of the following are products of the light reactions of photosynthesis that are utilized in the Calvin cycle?

ATP & NADPH

The scuffle between the snow geese and the foxes.-second answer. Ecosystem in the U.S. where deciduous trees dominant.

Balancing Selection Taiga

What is the genotype of a heterozygous red Tribble?

CRCBK

What is the genotype of a yellow Tribble?

CYCY

What is our ecosystem?-first answer. What is the third step in the recipe for evolution?-second answer.

Chaparral Isolation

A dihybrid cross for any two traits

D.9:3:3:1

Which of the following best describes the flow of information in eukaryotic cells? a. DNA → proteins → RNA

DNA,RNA,Proteins

For the Galapagos tortoise, what natural selection caused the very two different genotypes of saddleback and domed tortoise?

Disruptive Selection

Which step ultimately leads to the most cellular energy produced?

Electron transport chain

If those long carbon and hydrogen chains are by themselves In the cell, then how does the cell use them?

Energy

What is the name of long carbon and hydrogen chains?

Fatty acid

When hydrogen ions are pumped from the mitochondrial matrix across the inner membrane and into the intermembrane space, the process is called ... (first answer). This pumping occurs along the electron transport chain. What is the end result of the electron transport chain? Second answer-fill in both answers.

First answer: Chemiosmosis Second answer: reduction of oxygen

The oxygen consumed during aerobic respiration is involved directly in which process or event? And (second answer to fill in) where does this occur in the cell?

First answer: Electron transportation was t chain second answer: mitochondria inner membrane

Which of the following incorrectly describes the cholesterol of a gene?

Genes are DNA codes that instruct the cell how to construct a polypeptide

What is the first step in the recipe for evolution?-first answer. What causes the Galapagos to be colder than what it should being at the equator. -second answer. Fill in both answers.

Genetic Drift Ocean Currents

Which step shows an investment of ATP-use energy to get energy?

Glycolysis

In the diagram above which graph best depicts the effect of temperature on enzyme activity?

Graph D

Phosphofructokinase is an important control enzyme in the regulation of cellular respiration. Which of the following statements concerning phosphofructokinase is NOT true?

It is a protein. T It is inhibited by ATP T

Which of the following is false about carbon fixation?

It occurs in the cytoplasm of plant cells. F

What amino acid is carried by the tRNA labeled 1?

Know which amino acid is attached to the tRNA labeled 1 in Hunt's image

Each red blood cell has four iron ions in them. How does an iron atom become an iron +2 ion

Lose 2 electrons

Which of the following organelles functions in this compartmentalization? a. Chloroplast

Lysosome

Which of the following disorders/diseases is mismatched?

Malaria-viral infection

In addition to ATP, what are the end products of glycolysis?

NADH & pyruvate

Where does DNA replication occur in meiosis

Nucleus

A cottonwood leaf is which level in the hierarchy of biological organization?

Organ

Which of the following sequences represents the hierarchy of biological organization from the least to the most complex levels?

Organelle, Tissue, Organism,Population, Ecosystem, Biosphere

a. A feature of all cells. b. Found in prokaryotic cells only c. Found in eukaryotic cells only d. Found in plant cells only e. Found in animal cells only

Plasma membrane a ribosomes a Golgi cde cell wall bcd mitochondria cde

Which cellular process and cellular location are incorrect?

Point mutation-cytoplasm (False, because Point mutation is ONLY found in the cytoplasm of prokaryotic cells, and for Eukaryotic the nucleus)

Which of the following enzymes-cellular process is mismatched?

Reverse Transcriptase-Translation

Of the following, which is the most likely route for membrane flow in the endomembrane system? a. Golgi → lysosome → ER→ plasma membrane

Rough ER→vesicles→golgi→ plasma membrane(or lysosomes )

Which of the following is mismatched between an enzyme and its location?

Rubisco-mitochondria

What ecosystem(s) has/have grass as the dominant producer.

Savannas and Chaparrals

Gases, ions, steroids move through which part? Fill in second answer if different.

Steroids and gases go through the membrane and ions go through the channel

The endosymbiotic theory states

That mitochondria and chloroplasts used to be prokaryotes

Which of the following is false about fermentation?

The end result is the same for animals as it is for bacteria. F (Animals produce lactic acid from fermentation, and the reason why people use bacteria in wine is because during fermentation, the bacteria produces alcohol)

Which of the following refers to the polypeptide?

The polypeptide is the gumball-like structures attached peptide bonds which are the thin strands between each polypeptide

Which of the following refers to the structures that are both composed of RNA

The single strand with amino acids attached to one side

Which of the following is NOT characteristic about ribosomes?

They interact with tRNA during protein synthesis-translation in the nucleus.

You are hiking north and pass the last spruce. For miles all you see is hills and grass.

This is a Tundra

Which structure is a glycoprotein?

Through phospholipid bilayer, its the purple blob with the carbohydrates attached

What is the main use officially in cholesterol?

To make cell membrane

What is the main use of these molecules in the cell on page 11?

To make more proteins

What is the main use of this molecule in the cell on page 10?

To make proteins

From the plant's perspective, what is the primary function of the light reactions of photosynthesis?

To provide ATP & NADPH to the Calvin Cycle

What cell process most directly utilizes this molecule in the cell on page 10?

Transcription

Which of the following is NOT true about the function or structure of neurons or muscle cells? a. Neurons have unique cellular structures called dendrites and axons.

True

A paramecium living in a pond with a high amount of phosphate and nitrate ions and other nutrients uses its contractile vacuole and cell membrane to maintain homeostasis. The paramecium population has lived in the pond for decades. As a result, the paramecium population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. There appears to be no net movement of water in or out of the cell. Whatever water moves in an equal amount moves out and vice versa. Paramecium feed mainly on bacteria and algae. Water fleas-a small crustacean- and small fish in turn feed on the paramecium.

Use on next questions

Which of the following best describes the bonding that takes place within a water molecule or within a nucleotide and/or the bonding that takes place between different water molecules or different nucleotides?

Water uses hydrogen bonds

What is the relationship between DNA, a gene, and a chromosome?

a. A chromosome contains hundreds of genes that are composed of DNA. A chromosome is a long chain made of genes which are made of DNA

what do both the mitochondria and chloroplast have in common?

a. Chemiosmosis b. ATP synthase c. Both have electron transport chains that can produce ATP. d. Both have inner and outer membrane & a phospholipid bilayer e. Have their own DNA and reproduce independently from their host cell

What organelle and cellular process best applies with this molecule? a. Chloroplast and photosynthesis b. Mitochondria and anaerobic respiration c. Endoplasmic reticulum and exocytosis d. Golgi and exocytosis

a. Chloroplast and photosynthesis

What is the relationship between chromatids, chromosomes, and chromatin? (All the answers below are correct, so read up on facts about CHROMOSOMES)

a. Chromatin are chromosome wound up around proteins in the nucleus. b. Chromatids are copied chromosomes. c. Chromatids and chromatin are chromosomes at different stages in the life of the cell.

Which of the following enzymes-cellular processes is mismatched? (All pair below are correct, need to memorize them because they're going to switch)

a. DNA polymerase-DNA replication b. RNA polymerase-Transcription c. Phosphofructokinase-Glycolysis d. Rubisco-Calvin Cycle

Which of the following is NOT true about E.coli? a. E.coli is the genus and species name of the virus. F (googled it and E.coli is a BACTERIA) b. E.coli are most closely related to prokaryotic cells. T c. Overall, they play a positive role in their ecosystem. T d. They have no endoplasmic reticulum. T e. They are involved in a symbiotic relationships and rely on other organisms to live. T

a. E.coli is the genus and species name of the virus. F (googled it and E.coli is a BACTERIA)

The element P is present in (what if N?) a. Hemoglobin (For Nitrogen) b. Antibodies(For nitrogen) c. Glucose d. tRNA (For Phosphate and Nitrogen) e. sucrose

a. Hemoglobin (For Nitrogen) b. Antibodies(For nitrogen) d. tRNA (For Phosphate and Nitrogen)

Which of the following is NOT true about the importance of oxygen (O2)?

a. It is used by most organisms as the last electron acceptor in the electron transport chain? b. Oxygen is utilized in the mitochondria. c. Oxygen is utilized to make ATP All true

Which cellular process and function are incorrect?

a. Nondisjunction-when chromatids fail to separate during meiosis (Its CHROMOSOMES, not chromatids, which is ½ of a chromosome) b. Point mutation- a change/ mistake of a nucleotide in a DNA sequence c. Mitosis-the reproduction of cells from a zygote to a fetus d. Transpiration-the release of water from the plant's stomata

The lowest level of biological organization that can perform all the activities required for life is the

a. Organelle-for example, a chloroplast Cell Most chemical reactions within cells are regulated by organic catalysts called Enzyme

Which of the following is evidence of the endosymbiotic theory as it relates to mitochondria and chloroplasts?

a. They both have their own DNA. b. They both have their own ribosomes. c. They both can divide by fission.

What is the main purpose of this molecule in the cell? What element is at position 5 on the molecule? Fill in both answers for this question if you choose 2 different letters. a. To provide energy a. H b. To become part of a protein b. C c. To be incorporated into the cell membrane c. O d. To be part of the genetic code d. N

a. To provide energy b. C

All prokaryotes are unicellular organisms? Choose a or b. Then determine the converse statement and choose c or d about the converse statement. a. True b. false c. true d. false

a. True d. false

What type of cell/organism is a paramecium? a. A protozoan b. An animal-like Protist c. Eukaryote

b. An animal-like Protist

What is the final action in the export of a protein? a. Transpiration d. endocytosis b. Exocytosis e. facilitated diffusion c. Phagocytosis

b. Exocytosis

Since the population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, which of the following is false? a. The population must be large and no mutations can take place. b. Genetic drift can take place but the population must remain in isolation. c. Random mating must take place and the water must remain relatively stable. d. No natural selection nor gene flow can take place.

b. Genetic drift can take place but the population must remain in isolation.

Which of the following is false about this molecule? a. It has many isomers. b. It is produced by carbon fixation c. It is used in both anaerobic and aerobic respiration. d. The chemical energy in the covalent bonds is transferred to chemical energy in ATP

b. It is produced by carbon fixation

What trophic level does the paramecium belong to? a. Producer c. decomposer b. Primary consumer d. secondary consumer

b. Primary consumer

What is the main function of a red blood cell? a. To receive and transmit electrochemical signals. b. To transport oxygen. c. To fertilize an egg. d. To fight pathogens by producing antibodies. e. To remove waste in the blood.

b. To transport oxygen.

What is the end product of transcription?

b. polypeptide

Which of the following statements best summarizes the structural differences between DNA and RNA? a. RNA is a protein, whereas DNA is a nucleic acid. b. RNA has ribose sugar and DNA has deoxyribose sugar c. DNA is a double helix and RNA is one strand D. DNA has thymine and RNA has uracil

c. DNA is a double helix and RNA is one strand

Which of the features is unique only to sperm cells? a. High abundance of mitochondria (muscle cells have it too) b. Presence of antibodies c. Haploid nucleus

c. Haploid nucleus

What type of movement describes water movement through the cell membrane? a. Diffusion d. active transport b. Facilitated diffusion e. endocytosis c. Osmosis

c. Osmosis

What is the function of glycoproteins? a. They are involved in facilitated diffusion. b. They are involved in active transport. c. They serve as identity markers for the cell or are involved in cell adhesion. d. They provide energy for the cell membrane.

c. They serve as identity markers for the cell or are involved in cell adhesion

All living things: a. Can grow and develop by mitosis. b. Utilize energy to conduct cellular activities and (first part is true but don't know what second part is) c. Utilize DNA as the genetic code d. Are highly organized and can reproduce by meiosis.

c. Utilize DNA as the gentic code

What is the tonicity of the paramecium cell? a. Hypotonic b. hypertonic c. isotonic

c. isotonic

Polysaccharides, lipids, and proteins are similar in that they a. Are synthesized from monomers by the process of hydrolysis. b. Are synthesized as a result of peptide bond formation between monomers. c. All contain nitrogen in their monomer building blocks. d. Are synthesized from monomers by dehydration reactions.

d. Are synthesized from monomers by dehydration reactions.

Which type of molecule is NOT found in the cell membrane? a. Sugars b. protein c. cholesterol d. DNA

d. DNA

Which of the following is NOT an important property of a red blood cell? a. Its biconcave shape to increase its surface area. b. The elasticity of the membrane. c. The ability to bind 02 d. Its reliance on mitochondria (RBC at maturity expels all organelles for more room for hemoglobins) e. The loss of organelles to fit more hemoglobin.

d. Its reliance on mitochondria (RBC at maturity expels all organelles for more room for hemoglobins)

What is the main function of a B-cell? a. To receive and transmit electrochemical signals. b. To transport oxygen. c. To fertilize an egg. d. To fight pathogens by producing antibodies. e. To remove waste in the blood.

d. To fight pathogens by producing antibodies.

Which of the following is mismatched about free versus attached ribosomes and the proteins that are synthesized? First answer-use left column. Where are free ribosomes found? Second answer here-use right column. a. Integral proteins-attached a. cytoplasm b. Enzymes-free b. Golgi c. Antibodies-attached c. ER d. hemoglobin-attached d. cell membrane

d. hemoglobin-attached a. cytoplasm

All of the following are part of a prokaryotic cell except a. DNA b. A cell wall c. Ribosomes d. nucleus E. None of the above

d. nucleus

Which of the following is NOT true about viruses? a. They all require a host cell to reproduce. b. They have a wide variety of shapes. c. Viruses that infect bacteria are called phages. d. They don't belong to any category of living things. e. Reverse transcriptase changes their DNA into RNA. (→ RNA to DNA)

e. Reverse transcriptase changes their DNA into RNA. (→ RNA to DNA)

Water's high specific heat a. Makes it a great solvent b. Is due to the hydrogen bonding between water molecules. c. Maintains homeostasis in cells and blood d. Both a & c are correct e. A, b, & c are correct

e.A,B, &C

Which process in eukaryotic cells will proceed normally whether oxygen (O2) is present or absent? And (second answer to fill in) where does this occur in the cell?

first answer: Glycolysis second answer: cytoplasm

What cellular process is depicted

meiosis

In the diagram above which enzyme would most likely be in a typical cell within your body?

°Enzyme D, because normal Optimum in cells are 6-8, keep a temperature of 20°-30