Honors Biology Final Review (Mr.Hunt)
The ability for mice to run normally is a dominant trait. Mice with this trait are called running mice(R). The recessive trait causes mice to run in circles only. Mice with this trait are called waltzing mice. Hair color is also inherited in mice. Black (B) is dominant over brown hair. After crossing a heterozygous running, heterozygous black mouse with what is the probable ratio?
1:1:1:1
If a man with blood type AB marries a woman, what is the probability that their child will be type AB?
25%
In the diagram above which graph best depicts the effect of temperature on enzyme activity?
30-70 C, just right
A dihybrid cross for any two traits.
9:3:3:1
A pea plant heterozygous for smooth seeds and purple flowers is crossed with a plant. What is the probability that the offspring will be heterozygous smooth, heterozygous purple?
9:3:3:7
Which of the following refers to the polypeptide?
A polypeptide is a chain of amino acids. Amino acids bond together with peptide bonds in order to form a polypeptide.
Of the following, what do both the mitochondria and chloroplast have in common?
ATP synthase
Which step shows an investment of ATP-use energy to get energy?
ATP->ADP
Which of the following refers to the structures that are both composed of RNA?
Although there are multiple types of RNA molecules, the basic structure of all RNA is similar. Like DNA, each RNA strand has the same basic structure, composed of nitrogenous bases covalently bound to a sugar-phosphate backbone . However, unlike DNA, RNA is usually a single-stranded molecule.
What element is at position 5 on the molecule?
C
Which of the following are products of the light reactions of photosynthesis that are utilized in the Calvin cycle?
CO2 and glucose
What is the genotype of a heterozygous red Tribble?
CR CBK
What is the genotype of a yellow Tribble?
CY CY
Which type of molecule is NOT found in the cell membrane?
DNA
Which of the following enzymes-cellular processes is mismatched? (1)
DNA polymerase-DNA replication RNA polymerase-Transcription Phosphofructokinase-Glycolysis
Which of the following best describes the flow of information in eukaryotic cells?
DNA->RNA->proteins
Which of the following is NOT true about E.coli?
E.coli is the genus and species name of the virus, they have no endoplasmic reticulum, they are involved in a symbiotic relationships and rely on other organisms to live
In animal cells, hydrolytic enzymes are packaged into vesicles to prevent general destruction of cellular components. Which of the following organelles functions in this compartmentalization?
Golgi
Where does DNA replication occur?
II
In addition to ATP, what are the end products of glycolysis?
NADH and pyruvate
Which of the following enzymes-cellular process is mismatched?
Reverse Transcriptase-Translation
transposon
a chromosomal segment that can undergo transposition
What is the relationship between DNA, a gene, and a chromosome?
a chromosome contains hundreds of genes that are composed of DNA
savanna
a grassy plain in tropical and subtropical regions, with few trees
What type of cell/organism is a paramecium?
a protozoan, an animal-like protist, and eukaryote
transposase
an enzyme that binds to the end of a transposon and catalyzes its movement to another part of the genome
transgenic
an organism that contains genetic material into which DNA from an unrelated organism has been artificially introduced
The scuffle between the snow geese and the foxes.
balancing selection
The lowest level of biological organization that can perform all the activities required for life is the..?
cell
genetic drift
change in the frequency of an existing gene variant in a population due to random sampling of organisms
What is our ecosystem?
chaparral
When hydrogen ions are pumped from the mitochondrial matrix across the inner membrane and into the inter membrane space, the process is called...(first answer). This pumping occurs along the electron transport chain. What is the end result of the electron transport chain?
chemiomosis; reduction of oxygen
What is the relationship between chromatids, chromosomes, and chromatin?
chromatin are chromosome wound up around proteins in the nucleus chromatids are copied chromosomes chromatids and chromatin are chromosomes at different stages in the life of the cell
Where are free from ribosomes?
cytoplasm
disruptive selection
describes changes in population genetics in which extreme values for a trait are favored over intermediate values
Which of the following statements best summarizes the structural differences between DNA and RNA?
different sugar bases
ocean current
directed movement of ocean water that flows in one of the Earth's oceans
Which step ultimately leads to the most cellular energy produced?
electron transport chain
The oxygen consumed during aerobic respiration is involved directly in which process prevent? And (second answer to fill in) where does this occur in the cell?
electron transport chain; cristae, mitochondria inner membrane
If those long carbon and hydrogen chains are by themselves in the cell, then how does the cell use them?
energy
In the diagram above which enzyme would most likely be in a typical cell within your body?
enzyme D, keeping the temperature at 20-30 and the pH is normal
Most chemical reactions within cells are regulated by organic catalysts called..?
enzymes
What is the final action in the export of a protein?
exocytosis
Then determine the converse statement and choose c or d about the converse statement.
false
Look at the long carbon and hydrogen chains. What is the name of this molecule by itself?
fatty acids
in vitro fertilization
fertilisation where an egg is combined with sperm outside the body, in vitro
What is the main use of this molecule in the cell? (phospholipid)
for the cell membrane
Plasma membrane, ribosomes, Golgi, cell wall, mitochondria, etc.?
found in eukaryotic cells only
tertiary consumer
fourth trophic level after producers, primary consumers, and secondary consumers
What is the main use of this molecule in the cell? (nucleic acid)
genetic code
What is the first step in the recipe for evolution?
genetic drift
Since the population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, which of the following is false?
genetic drift can take placebo the population must remain in isolation
Which process in eukaryotic cells will proceed normally whether oxygen (02) is present or absent? And (second answer to fill in) where does this occur in the cell?
glycolysis; cytoplasm
Which of the following is mismatched about free versus attached ribosomes and the proteins that are synthesized?
hemoglobin-attached
Which of the features is unique only to sperm cells?
high abundance of mitochondria
Water's high specific heat...?
is due to the hydrogen bonding between water molecules, maintains homeostasis
What is the third step in the recipe for evolution?
isolation selection
What is the tonicity of the paramecium cell?
isotonic
Which of the following is false about this molecule?
it has many isomers, it is produced by carbon fixation, it is used in both anaerobic and aerobic respiration, the chemical energy in the covalent bonds is transferred to chemical energy in ATP
Phosphofructokinase is an important control enzyme in the regulation of cellular respiration. Which of the following statements concerning phosphofructokinase is NOT true?
it is a protein and it is inhibited by ATP are true
Which of the following is NOT true about the importance of oxygen (02)?
it is used by most organisms as the last electron acceptor in the electron transport chain oxygen is utilized in the mitochondria oxygen is utilized to make ATP
Which of the following is false about carbon fixation?
it occurs in the cytoplasm of plant cells
isolation
lack of interbreeding or little genetic mixing between organisms of the same species
Each red blood cell has four iron ions in them. How does an iron atom become an iron +2 ion?
lose 2 valence electrons
Which of the following disorders/diseases is mismatched?
malaria-viral infection
What cellular process is depicted?
mitosis
Which cellular process and function are incorrect?
mitosis-the reproduction of cells from a zygote to a fetus
directional selection
mode of natural selection in which an extreme phenotype is favored over other phenotypes
All of the following are part of a prokaryotic cell except?
nucleus
What causes the Galapagos to be colder than what it should be at the equator?
ocean current
Which of the following is NOT true about the function or structure of neurons or muscle cells?
only neurons transmit electrical signals
A cottonwood leaf is which level in the hierarchy of biological organization?
organ
Which of the following sequences represents the hierarchy of biological organization from the least to the most complex levels?
organelle, tissue, organism, population, ecosystem, biosphere
What type of movement describes water movement through the cell membrane?
osmosis
Gases, ions, steroids move through which part?
phospholipid
Which cellular process and cellular location are incorrect?
point mutation-cytoplasm
What is the end product of transcription?
polypeptide
What trophic level does the paramecium belong to?
primary consumer
What is the main use of these molecules in the cell?
proteins
Which structure is a glycoprotein?
purple and green on top on the cell
balancing selection
refers to a number of selective processes by which multiple alleles are actively maintained in the gene pool of a population
Of the following, which is the most likely route for membrane flow in the endomembrane system?
rough ER -> vesicles -> Golgi -> plasma membrane
Which of the following is mismatched between an enzyme and its location?
rubisco-mitochondria
What ecosystem(s) has/have grass as the dominant producer?
savannas and chaparrals
geology/migration
seasonal movement of animals from one region to another
taiga
sometimes swampy coniferous forest of high northern latitude, between Siberia and North America
Polysaccharides, lipids, and proteins are similar in that they...?
synthesized from monomers by dehydration reactions
The element P is preset in what (what if N)?
tRNA
Ecosystem in the U.S. where deciduous trees dominant.
taiga
The endosymbiotic theory states?
that the mitochondria and chloroplasts used to be prokaryotes
Which of the following is NOT an important property of a red blood cell?
the elasticity of the membrane, the ability to bind 02
Which of the following is false about fermentation?
the end result is the same for animals as it is for bacteria
natural selection/mutations
the process whereby organisms better adapted to their environment tend to survive and produce more offspring
transposition
the transfer of genetic material between organisms other than by vertical gene transfer
Which of the following is NOT characteristic about ribosomes?
they are made up of rRNA and proteins they are found in all organisms including bacteria they interact with tRNA during protein synthesis-translation in the nucleus
Which of the following is evidence of the endosymbiotic theory as it relates to mitochondria and chloroplasts?
they both have their own DNA they both have their own ribosomes they both can divide by fission
Which of the following is NOT true about viruses?
they don't belong to any category of living things, reverse transcriptase changes their DNA into RNA
What is the function of glycoproteins?
they serve as identity markers for the cell or are involved in cell adhesion
What is the main function of a B-cell?
to fight pathogens by producing antibodies, to remove waste in the blood
From the plants perspective, what is the primary function of the light reactions of photosynthesis?
to produce energy-rich glucose from carbon dioxide and water
What is the main purpose of this molecule in the cell? (glucose)
to provide energy
What is the main function of a red blood cell?
to transport oxygen
What cell process most directly utilizes this molecule in the cell?
transcription
All prokaryotes are unicellular organisms?
true
Your hiking north and pass the last spruce. For miles you see is hills and grass.
tundra
What amino acids is carried by the tRNA labeled 1?
tyrosine
All things...?
utilize energy to conduct cellular activities, utilize DNA as the g
tundra
vast, flat, treeless Arctic region of Europe, Asia, and North America in which the subsoil is permanently frozen
chaparral
vegetation consisting chiefly of tangled shrubs and thorny bushes
Which of the following best describes the bonding that takes place within a water molecule or within a nucleotide and/or the bonding that takes place between different water molecules or different nucleotides?
waterless hydrogen bonds