HPS113 Final Exam

Defin body composition and how to improve it

Body Composition: Improve:

Define cardiovascular endurance and how to improve it

Cardiovascular Endurance: Improve:

How many moelcules does beta-oxidation create? a. 2 b. 10 c. 36-38 d. 129 e. 200

d. 129

As you feel a client's radial arterial pulse on their wrist (while they are sitting down), you count 7 beats in 6 seconds. What is that person's estimated heart rate? a. 60 bpm b. 50 bpm c. 80 bpm d. 70 bpm

d. 70 bpm

The neural adapation in the skeletal system occurs over the initial ____ weeks of a training program: a. 2 b. 4 c. 6 d. 8 e. 10

d. 8

What does specificity refer to in the field of exercise science? a. the abilitites msot suitable to a physical activity or sport b. the skill used in a certain sport or activity c. the metabolic demands of a physical activity or sport d. all of the above

d. all of the above

What makes regular physical activity so beneficial? a. it promotes disease prevention and injury prevention b. rehabilitates the heart after heart attack c. it can help slow, or even reverse, some diseases such as high cholesterol d. all of the above

d. all of the above

What type of approach leads to skewed results in research? a. testimonial b. rationalistic c. knowledge of authority d. all of above

d. all of the above

What are the substrates for creating ATP? a. carbs and fats b. carbs and protein c. fat and protein d. carbs, fat, and protein

d. carbs, fat and protein

Vo2 max is the greatest amount of oxygen one can use at the cellular level for the whole body. it is representative of an individual's conditioning and is accepted widely as a measure of ______ fitness. a. anaerobic b. cardiac c. respiratory d. cardiorespiratory

d. cardiorespiratory

The ability to shorten is? a. extensibility b. irritability/excitability c. elasticity d. contractility

d. contractility

What is the leading cause of death in the US? a. car accidents b. cancer c. diabetes d. coronary artery disease

d. coronary artery disease

Training intended to reshape a person's body for aesthetic reasons (body builders, models and those wanting to lose or gain weight for a special occasion). a. general training exercise b. health-related exercise c. sport-specified training d. cosmetic exercise

d. cosmetic exercise

Somesports requiring quick, explosive bouts of movement (like gymnastics) are usually more advantageous towards shorter athletes. This means that when comparing muscle concentration, shorter athletes are capable of producing more force due to greater muscle _________. a. volumes b. densitities c. lengths d. cross-sectional areas (CSA)

d. cross-sectional areas (CSA)

The last pulse you hear needs to be recorded, as well. This is the: a. arterial pressure b. systolic pressure c. venous pressure d. diastolic pressure

d. diastolic pressure

determine if the forces applied to the body during an event could have caused an injury or if the trauma was due to another fact a. qualitative b. quantitative c. sports ergonomists d. forensic biomechanics e. clinical biomechanics

d. forensic biomechanics

During aerobic activity venous reutrn increases, which in turn increases end diastolic volume. this stretches the myocardial fibers greater than at rest, leading to a more forceful contraction and greater ventricle emptying along due ot sysolic ejection. what is being described here? a. ejection fraction b. beginning systolic volume c. tommy john's adaptation d. frank-starling mechanism e. cardiac emptying

d. frank-starling mechanism

The resistance is created when an external object is pressed against another surface and force is applied in an attempt to move the object a. gravity b. inertia c. elasticity d. friction e. fluid resistance

d. friction

Exercise undertaken specifically to develop or maintain a sound working bod and reduce the risk of disease for the purpose of healthy longevity. a. cosmetic exercise b. training c. exercise d. health-related exercise

d. health-related exercise

iron plays a large role in oxygen delivery in the body because oxygen attaches to the iron atoms in ______. a. mitochondria b. plasma proteins c. capillary beds d. hemoglobin

d. hemoglobin

The ACSM Risk Stratification has a scoring system. What is the one negativ risk factor? a. family hisotry of mycardial infarction, coronary rvascularisation, or sudden death b. cigarrete smoking c. obesity d. high HDL cholesterol; >60mg/dL

d. high HDL cholesterol; 60mg/dL

The correct order of the scientific method in regard to exercise science is: a. observation, hypothesis, experiments/revision, theory/conclusion b. neither a, c, or d c. observation, experiments/revision, hypothesis, theory/conclusion d. hypothesis, observation, experiments/revision, theory/conclusion

d. hypothesis, observation, experiments/revision, theory/conclusion

Which chemical creates the "burning" sensation one feels in his/her muscles when exercising at a high intensity? a. NADH b. FADH c. creatine phosphate d. lactate e. pyruvate

d. lactate

Living in high altitudes to build up red blood cells in the body naturally, then experiencing a saturation of O2 at lower levels when training/competing is called: a. train low, live lower b. train high, live higher c. live low, train high d. live high, train low e. athletic doping

d. live high, train low

Which type of bone is this? a. flat b. short c. irregular d. long e. sesamoid

d. long bone

what type of movement analysis instrumentation utilizes specifically placed marker sot create a frame, or identifies segments to track movement, so biomechanics can analyze range of motion, gait, segment length, joint center, body position, or balance? a. force plates b. VO2 max c. electromyography d. motion capture

d. motion capture

Which adaptation occurs first in the skeletal system before any other major adaptations occur? a. vascular b. bone mineral density c. muscular d. neural

d. neural

What body system is infromation/awareness about the movement and position of the body and it's peripheral movement in space. This information is provided by kinesthetic receptors in muscles, joints, skin, and vestiublar receptors. This system also enhances the body's balance, facilitates correct movement (accuracy, consistency), and decreases risk of injury? a. cardiovascular b. pulmonary c. endocrine d. proprioception

d. proprioception

Hip flexion, knee extension, or a bicep curl a. frontal plane b. frontal movement c. sagittal plane d. sagittal movement e. transverse plane f. transverse movement

d. sagittal movement

what is the name of a muscle that restricts and controls the movement (as a protective measure) during high force or fast speed movements? a. agonist b. antagonist c. synergist d. stabilizer

d. stabilizer

To hold a bowl of soup in your hand, you _____ your forearm from the anatomical position. To pour out your soup into the sink, you _____ your forearm. a. pronate, supinate b. flex, extend c. extned, flex d. supinate, pronate e. none of the above

d. supinate, pronate

All movement produced by the musculoskeletal system creates a rotation about an axis or joint center. Therefore, one must define all force produced by the body as _______. a. velocity b. acclereration c. work d. torque

d. torque

Allows movement in three planes about thee axes a. Nonaxial Joints b. Uniaxial c. Biaxial d. Triaxial

d. triaxial

Ensuring you have a low level of ______ reduces the risk of certain conditions such as heart disease, high blood pressure and type II diabetes. a. adipose fat b. muscular fat c. subcutaneous fat d. visceral fat

d. visceral fat

How many vertebrae are located in the lumbar section a. 12 b. 5 c. 7

b. 5

What are the two aerobic systems to make the primary chemical, which provides the body with energy? a. creatine phospahte and krebs cycle b. Krebs cycle and electron transport chain c. creatine phosphate and glycolysis d. electron transport chain and glycolysis e. beta-oxidation and gluconeogenesis

b. Krebs cycle and electron transport chain

What primary chemical prvides the human body with energy? a. adenosine diphosphate (ADP) b. adeonsine triphosphate (ATP) c. pyruvate d. lactic acid e. NADH (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide)

b. adenosine triphostphae (ATP)

Acclimatization: the adjustments caused as a result to the ______ environment a. artifical b. ambient

b. ambient

Even in steady-state aerobic activity, any increase in workload will call upon ______ pathways until the proper systems can meet those demands; if they are not met, workload must decrease or stop. a. aerobic b. anaerobic

b. anaerobic

what is the name of a muscle that acts in an opposing way to the main muscle involved in a movement and is capable of slowing or stopping a movement? a. agonist b. antagonist c. synergist d. prime mover

b. antagonist

Consists of the skull, vertebral column, ribs, and sternum a. appendicular skeleton b. axial skeleton

b. axial skeleton

What form of stretching increases injury risk? a. static b. ballistic c. PNF d. dynamic

b. ballistic

This type of research establishes truths that apply to everyone? a. applied b. basic c. advanced d. animal

b. basic

Which anthropometric measurement conducts a safe, electrical signal from the device through the body, flowing through hydrated tissue and not through fat? (this device calculates body fat % based on the height, weight, and age of the user) a. skinfold assessment b. bioelectrical impedance analysis c. body max index d. body density e. body fat percentage

b. bioelectrical impedance analysis

________ is a limited measurement in that it does not account for muscle, bone, & fat mass, all compared to each other a. lean mass index b. body mass index c. bone mass index d. fat mass index e. bone-lean-fat mass index

b. body mass index

When ______ are depleted (also known as having hypoglycemia), one may experience drowsiness, irritability, or feel shaky. However, symptoms usually subside when blood glucose levels return to normal a. protein b. carbohydrates c. fats

b. carbohydrates

What is not one of the three main nervous systems throughout the body? a. central b. cardiovascular c. autonomic d. peripheral

b. cardiovascular

muscle insertion is defined as a muscle's _________ attachment a. proximal b. distal

b. distal

From the anatomical position, newborn babies can touch the _____ part of their foot to their shins. Babies later learn to walk on the _____ aspect of their feet. a. volar, dorsal b. dorsal, plantar c. proximal, distal d. plantar, dorsal

b. dorsal, plantar

What does DEXA stand for? a. density energy x-ray assessment b. dual energy x-ray absorptiometry c. dual electron x-ray absorptiometry d. density electron x-ray assessment

b. dual energy x-ray absorptiometry

When a muscle lengthens while developing tension, this type of contraction is called? a. concentric b. eccentric c. isometric

b. eccentric

what type of instrumentation uses skin surface electrodes to record the electrical signal produced by motor untis' nerve impulses during various muscle actions? a. bioelectrical impedance analysis b. electromyography c. force plates d. motion capture analysis

b. electromyography

Abduction dumbell raises or "snow angels" a. frontal plane b. frontal movement c. sagittal plane d. sagittal movement e. transverse plane f. transverse movement

b. frontal movement

What are the unit measurements for BMD? a. grams b. grams/cm2 c. cm2 d. cm2/g

b. grams/cm2

a movement force is considered mechanically advantagenous when the ratio of the muscle moment arm to the resistive force arm is _____? a. equal to 1 b. greater than 1 c. less than 1 d. none of the above

b. greater than 1

What region is the waist area? a. android region b. gynoid region c. androgynous region

b. gynoid region

What type of joint is this? a. ball-and-socket b. hinge c. condyloid

b. hinge

What plane of movement is this? a. sagittal b. horizontal c. frontal

b. horizontal

Which fats have been cahnged by a process from its natural form and can: (1) raise bad cholesterol levels; (2) lower good cholesterol levels; (3) increase one's risk of heart disease; and (4) inrease one's risk of type 2 diabetes? a. monounstaturated and polyunstaturated fats b. hydrogenated oils and trans fats c. saturated fats d. both a and b are correct e. none of the above are correct

b. hydrogenated oils and trans fats

Which has not been proven in humans: a. hypertrophy b. hyperplasia c. atrophy

b. hyperplasia

______ occurs when the muscle fibers of a muscle increase in size, creating a larger cross-section area (CSA); this yields a posititve relationship between CSA and strength a. hyperplasia b. hypertrophy c. hyperplasticity d. atrophy

b. hypertrophy

water conducts temperature extremely well, which is why cold water can be so dangerous: body temperature will drop fast, leading to shivering, fatigue and _______. a. hyperthermia b. hypothermia

b. hypothermia

A body in motion tends to stay in motion, and a body at rest tends to stay at rest unless acted on and overcome by an external force a. gravity b. inertia c. elasticity d. friction e. fluid resistance

b. inertia

What is Hunter's Response: a. thermogenesis via shivering b. intermittent/cyclical vasodilation and vascoconstriction of peripheral body parts c. muscular endurance adaptation due to increased muscle fiber cross-sectional area d. the body's ability to decrease altitude sickness

b. intermittent/cyclical vasodilation and vascoconstriction of peripheral body parts

Ability to respond to a stimulus is? a. extensibility b. irritability/excitability c. elasticity d. contractility

b. irritability/excitability

Overconsumption of protein can overstress what organs? a. heart b. kidneys c. bones d. liver

b. kidneys

with chronic adaptations to cardiovascular (endurance) training, cardiac muscles in the heart will increase in size, allowing for a more forceful ejection of blood from each beat, increasing resting and working stroke volume. this adaptation is why we see ________ resting heart rate after consistent training. a. higher b. lower c. no change

b. lower

Positive or Negative lifestyle choice: chronic sleep deprivation a. positive b. negative

b. negative

Positive or Negative lifestyle choice: drinking alcohol excessively a. positive b. negative

b. negative

Positive or Negative lifestyle choice: poor diet a. positive b. negative

b. negative

Positive or Negative lifestyle choice: sedentary lifestyle a. positive b. negative

b. negative

Positive or Negative lifestyle choice: smoking a. positive b. negative

b. negative

During bone remodeling, which osteocyte is responsible for laying down new bone tissue for rebuilding (a "bone-forming" cell)? a. osteoporosis b. osteoblasts c. osteoclasts d. osteopenia

b. osteoblasts

What type of joint is this? a. saddle b. pivot c. irregular

b. pivot

What body system is the exchange of gases between blood and alveoli? It also houses specialized cells in the lungs that are thin enough for the diffusion of gas particles, but not blood cells themselves a. cardiovascular b. pulmonary c. endocrine d. proprioception

b. pulmonary

analysis that relies on mathematical data related to space, time, motion, force, or energy; collected in a numerical fashion a. qualitative b. quantitative c. sports ergonomists d. forensic biomechanics e. clinical biomechanics

b. quantitative

Which type of bone is this? a. flat b. short c. irregular d. long e. sesamoid

b. short

which piece of equipment gives real-time feedback of oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide exhalation a. sphygmanometer b. spirometer c. borb scale d. HR monitor

b. spirometer

Which term listed below describes the following: "involves skilled movement organized in game contexts, where players try to achieve a goal in a manner specified by rules and usually involving competition"? a. training b. sport c. exercise d. functionality

b. sport

__________ is the maximal force made by a muscle or muscle group generated at a specific velocity. a. explosiveness b. strength c. power d. endurance

b. strength

which theme of biomechanics is defined as how forces affect tissues of the body? a. function b. structure c. both a and b d. none of the above

b. structure

You take a client's blood pressure: First, you applied the cuff superficially to the brachial artery, and applied the stethoscope directly on top of the brachial artery at the elbow crease. Next, you closed off the dial and pumped the bulb repeatedly to increase the pressure to about 180-220 mmHg. Last, you start to let out some of the prssure from the dial - very gradually. The first sound you hear as the pulse begins to flow is sepcifically called the _____ pressure. a. arterial pressure b. systolic pressure c. venous pressure d. diastolic pressure

b. systolic pressure

______ muscle fibers have the greatest affinity to increase in CSA a. type I b. type II

b. type II

Permit movement in only one plane about one axis a. Nonaxial Joints b. Uniaxial c. Biaxial d. Triaxial

b. uniaxial

Both ________ and ________ are required concepts of research methods and refer to accurate instrumentation and reproducible results under the same conditions, respectively. a. validity and specificity b. validity and reliability c. reliability and validity d. specificity and reliability

b. validity and reliability

Physical activity is defined as any _____ movement. a. involuntary b. voluntary c. random d. skilled

b. voluntary

What is not one of the thee main nervous systems throughout the body? a. central b. voluntary c. autonomic d. peripheral

b. voluntary

How many vertebrae are located in the thoracic section a. 12 b. 5 c. 7

a. 12

How many molecules does the krebs cycle create? a. 2 b. 10 c. 36-38 d. 129 e. 200

a. 2

The average person's total cholesterol should not exceed ______. a. 200mg/dL b. 240mg/dL c. 180mg/dL d. 150mg/dL

a. 200mg/dL

What is a normal bone mineral density score? a. above -1 b. above 0 c. below -1 d. below -2.5

a. above -1

What region is the hip area? a. android region b. gynoid region c. androgynous region

a. android region

Includes the shoulder girdle (clavicles and scapulae), bones of arms, wrists, hands, pelvic girdle, legs, ankles, and feet a. appendicular skeleton b. axial skeleton

a. appendicular skeleton

What kind of research is specific, targeted, and eliberate to certain populations? a. applied b. basic c. advanced d. animal

a. applied

Accilmation: the adjustments casued by exposure to the ______ environment. a. artifical b. ambient

a. artifical

What is the term(s) used for the amount of blood pumped by the heart in liters per minute? a. cardiac output b. cardiac strength c. cardiac volume d. cardiac endurance

a. cardiac output

What body system delviers oxygenated and nutrient-rich blood working tissue (via the arteries to the capillaries), while also returning deoxygenated blood and other waste products from the capillaries to the veins back to the heart. This system does this in one continuous cycle. a. cardiovascular b. pulmonary c. endocrine d. proprioception

a. cardiovascular

The _________ prioritizes and creates an appropriate responds plan a. central nervous system b. autonomic nervous sytem c. cardiovascular nervous system d. peripheral nervous system

a. central nervous system

While standing upright with correct posture, which type of force is acting on the spinal column due to gravity? a. compression b. shear c. tensile d. bending

a. compression

When a muscle shortens while developing tension, this type of contraction is called? a. concentric b. eccentric c. isometric

a. concentric

Training intended to reshape a person's body for aesthetic reasons (body builders, models, and those wanting to lose or gain weight for a special occasion). a. cosmetic exercise b. training c. exercise d. health-related exercise

a. cosmetic exercise

Qualitative analysis is _______ in nature a. descriptive b. numerical

a. descriptive

According to the equations below, power and velocity are ______ related, in that as one approaches maximal (or near-maximal) power production, the speed to cover the distance while producing the force is high/fast. a. directly b. inversely (opposite) equations: power = work/time work = force x distance velocity (speed) = distance/time

a. directly

Your ankle is _____ compared to your knee, and your neck is _____ compared to your head (in the anatomical position). a. distal, proximal b. plantar, palmar c. proximal, distal d. volar, dorsal

a. distal, proximal

Rate-pressure product, or ________ = HR x Systolic BP, is used to assess and estimate the work of the heart during physical activity a. double product b. single product c. triple product d. mean arterial pressure (MAP) e. fick equation

a. double product

Ability to stretch in response to a force is? a. extensibility b. irritability/excitability c. elasticity d. contractility

a. extensibility

Which type of bone is this? a. flat b. short c. irregular d. long e. sesamoid

a. flat

Splits the body into anterior and posterior sections a. frontal plane b. frontal movement c. sagittal plane d. sagittal movement e. transverse plane f. transverse movement

a. frontal plane

which theme of biomechanics is defined as how the body produces, maintains, or reduces force during movement? a. function b. structure c. both a and b d. none of the above

a. function

The force that attracts the body toward the center of the earth a. gravity b. inertia c. elasticity d. friction e. fluid resistance

a. gravity

During the neural adaptation in the skeletal system, motor units innervating muscle fibers will do all but the following: a. increase muscle fiber cross-sectional area b. increase recuirtment of muscle fibers c. increase rate of firing d. increase synchronization of firing

a. increase muscle fiber cross-secional area

The chemical mention above (ATP) allows: a. myosin to form cross-bridges with actin sites b. pulls the actin towards the midline of the sarcomere c. breaks the phosphate bonds, releasing energy d. releases the cross bridges and reforms the phosphate bonds

a. myosin to form cross-bridges with actin site

Allow only a gliding/sliding type of movement of one bone over another a. Nonaxial Joints b. Uniaxial c. Biaxial d. Triaxial

a. nonaxial joints

________ is the amount of oxygen consumed by the body's tissue, and the deamnd of working muscle tissue for oxygen increases during bouts of aerobic exercise a. oxygen uptake b. oxygen efficiency

a. oxygen uptake

When we train in the heat or are exposed to heat regularly, the body will adapt to deal with that specific stress. What happens as s result? a. plasma levels in the blood increase b. plasma levels in the blood decrease c. the body's sweat response and sweat rate will decrease d. the content of the sweat will contain more sodium chloride and potassium (to maintain the electrolytes)

a. plasma levels in the blood increase

Positive or Negative lifestyle choice: adequate rest a. positive b. negative

a. positive

Positive or Negative lifestyle choice: proper hydration a. positive b. negative

a. positive

Positive or Negative lifestyle choice: regular exercise a. positive b. negative

a. positive

Positive or Negative lifestyle choice: well balanced diet a. positive b. negative

a. positive

_________ is the rate of time it takes to do work, with work being the product of the average exerted force on an object, and the distance that object moves in a given direction. a. power b. strength c. endurance d. velocity

a. power

muscle origin is defined as a muscle's _________ attachment a. proximal b. distal

a. proximal

analysis that observes and describes a subject's movements, such as walking gait or throwing motion; it also analyzes the motion of prosthetics/orthotics a. qualitative b. quantitative c. sports ergonomists d. forensic biomechanics e. clinical biomechanics

a. qualitative

Overall, a muscle's potential corss-bridge sites are most optimally aligned when the muscle is at a _________ length. a. resting b. lengthened c. shortened d. all of the above e. B and C are correct

a. resting

What type of joint is this? a. saddle b. pivot c. irregular

a. saddle

What plane of movement is this? a. sagittal b. horizontal c. frontal

a. sagittal

When administering a skinfold assessment, what type of fat are we analyzing? a. subcutaneous b. visceral c. both a and b d. none of the above

a. subcutaneous

Please define "bone mineral density" (BMD): a. the quantity of mineral (main calcium) deposited in a given area of bone; measured in grams per centimeter squared (g/cm2) b. a measurement of bone mineral found in a specific area; measured in grams (g)

a. the quantity of mineral (mainly calcium) deposited in a given area of bone; measured in grams per centimeter squared (g/cm2)

A high school athlete runs cross-country in the fall and in the spring runs the 5,000m for track and field. What type of muscle fiber(s) are they primarily using? a. type I b. type II c. neither type I or type II d. both type I and type II

a. type I

Adaptations of the two aerobic systems aim to make them run more efficiently. What is the correct example of this? Once adapted... a. a weight lifter can bench press more weight than pre-adaptation b. a hockey player can sprint to the puck faster than pre-adaptation c. a runner or cyclist is able to exercise at the same pre-adaptation workout intensity- and yet go farther and/or faster

c. a runner or cyclist is able to exercise at the same pre-adaptation workout intensity- and yet go farther and/or faster

Permits movement in two planes about two perpendicular axes a. Nonaxial Joints b. Uniaxial c. Biaxial d. Triaxial

c. biaxial

What measurement discovers the relationship between weight and height (kg/mg2)? a. skinfold assessment b. bioelectrical impedance analysis c. body max index d. body density e. body fat percentage

c. body max index

Exercise science is "the study of movement in regards to _____," what? a. sports and training perfromance b. health and functionality c. both a and b d. none of the above

c. both a and b

What are the two anaerobic pathways to make the primary chemcial, which provides the body with energy? a. creatine phospahte and krebs cycle b. krebs cycle and electron transport chain c. creatine phosphate and glycolysis d. electron transport chain and glycolysis e. beta oxidation and gluconeogenesis

c. creatine phosphate and glycolysis

Ability to recoil when stretch force is removed and muscle reutrns to its resting length is? a. extensibility b. irritability/excitability c. elasticity d. contractility

c. elasticity

Resistance derived from the stretching of a band, spring, bow, or rod. As the components are stretched, resistance increases a. gravity b. inertia c. elasticity d. friction e. fluid resistance

c. elasticity

What body system supports the normal homeostatic function of the human body and helps the body respond to external and internal stimuli? a. cardiovascular b. pulmonary c. endocrine d. proprioception

c. endocrine

Two mechanisms regulate stroke volume: end-dialistic volume (EDV) and catecholamines such as: a. serotonin and dopamine b. gaba-aminobuteric acid and ATP c. epinephrine and norepinephrine d. acetylcholine and serotonin

c. epinephrine and norepinephrine

Concentric muscle action results in muscle shortening when contractile forces _______ resistive forces. a. are less than b. equal c. exceed

c. exceed

A form of physical activity people engage in to improve their physical performance, their health, or regain performance ability that has been reduced as a result of injury, disease, or aging a. cosmetic exercise b. training c. exercise d. health-related exercise

c. exercise

which of the following instruments can detect cahnges in accleration, groun reaction forces, and pressure changes produced during movement? a. electromyography b. wingate testing c. force plates and transducers d. isokinetic testing

c. force plates and transudcers

What plane of movement is this? a. sagittal b. horizontal c. frontal

c. frontal

when we can no longer bring our core body temperature back down (when exercising in hot conditions), we may experience heat illnesses such as heat cramps, heat exhaustion, and heat stroke. which one of the words underlined is extremely dangerous and requires emergency action? a. heat cramps b. heat exhaustion c. heat stroke

c. heat stroke

Which of the following is the good type of cholesterol? a. low density lipids b. adipose tissue c. high density lipids d. none of the above

c. high density lipids

The immune system's white blood cells (lymphocytes) ____ when the body undergoes low-intensitiy exercises. However, _____ can over-stress the body;s ability to fight disease and infection. a. decrease, under-training b. stay the same levels, overtraining c. increase, overtraining d. decrease, overtraining

c. increase, overtraining

What type of joint is this? a. saddle b. pivot c. irregular

c. irregular

Which type of bone is this? a. flat b. short c. irregular d. long e. sesamoid

c. irregular

What type of muscle action occurs when the contractile force of muscles is in equilibirum with the resisitive forces? a. isokinetic b. isotonic c. isometric d. isoequilibirum

c. isometric

When muscle length does not change during a contraction, this type of contraction is called? a. concentric b. eccentric c. isometric

c. isometric

_____ is a measure of a person's lean muscle mass and includes height, but does not include fat mass a. android/gynoid ratio b. bone-lean-fat mass index c. lean muscle index d. body mass idnex e. lean muscle and bone mineral content

c. lean muscle index

During bone remodeling, which osteocyte is responsible for eroding away damaged bone cells (breaking down and reabsorbing bone)? a. osteoporosis b. osteoblasts c. osteoclasts d. osteopenia

c. osteoclasts

During exhalation the diaphragm and intercostal muscles _____, decreasing the space in the chest, which forces air out. a. contract b. shorten c. relax d. lengthen

c. relax

Splits the body into left and right halves a. frontal plane b. frontal movement c. sagittal plane d. sagittal movement e. transverse plane f. transverse movement

c. sagittal plane

which type of muscle is involuntarily controlled? a. cardiac b. smooth c. skeletal d. both a and b

c. skeletal

What is the Z-score of very close to "-2" mean? a. this means the client's score is over 2x smaller than the average score b. this means the client's score is over 2x larger than the average score c. this number means the client falls below the population mean by almost two standard deviations d. this number means the client falls above the population mean by almost two standard deviations e. this number means the client falls either above or below the population mean by almost two standard deviations

c. this number means the client falls below the population mean by almost two standard deviations

Why is using peer-reviewed sources important? a. to make researching more difficult b. it is a course requirement c. to ensure valdiation of source integrit d. none of the above

c. to ensure validation of source integrit

_____ simply means bringing air intot he lungs and back out; also known as breathing a. inspiration b. expiration c. ventilation d. cellular respiration

c. ventilation

Recall, most activities have aspects of anaerobic and aerobic demands. this means: a. we focus on the strongest system of the activity when designing a training program b. we focus on one system for a season and then the other system for the next season when implementing a training program c. we factor in all needs of an activity when designing a training program

c. we factor in all needs of an activity when designing a training program

What assessment most appropriately evaluates the creatine phosphate system? a. Vo2 max b. submaxiaml single-stage test c. wingate d. margaria-kalamen test e. YMCA bench press test

c. wingate

The first sound you hear as the pulse begins to flow is specifically called the _______ pressure.

Systolic

What is the correct equation for measuring cardiac output? a. HP x BP b. 220 - age c. systolic BP/diastolic BP d. Q x a-vO2 difference e. HR x stroke volume

e. HR x stroke volume

biomechanics employs which of the following disciplines, in order to improve health, performance, motor skills, and rehabilitation a. physics b. engineering c. biology d. pyschology e. all of the above

e. all of the above

The valsalva maneuver is used to increase rigidity of the torso, by increasing intra-abdominal pressure. However, there are risks invovled that all should be made well aware of: a. blood flow to the heart is decreased b. blood pressure to the head increases dramatically, then decreases dramatically c. This can potentially lead to passing out ("blacking out") or rupturing blood vessels d. B and C are correct e. all of the above are correct

e. all of the above are correct

Eccentric muscle action is defined as muscle legenthing due to contractile forces _______ resistive forces. a. exceeding b. equaling c. are in equilibrium d. B and C are correct e. being less than

e. being less than

what is/are the name(s) of a muscle, whose primary role is the one most durectly invovled in a movement? a. antagonist b. agonist c. prime mover d. synergist e. both b and c

e. both b and c

help surgeouns determine the best implantations for their clients, or assist rehab specialists in choosing the best prostheses or orthotics to optimize a client's recovery, rehabilitation and avoid overuse of joints, ligaments, and/or muscles a. qualitative b. quantitative c. sports ergonomists d. forensic biomechanics e. clinical biomechanics

e. clinical biomechanics

(1) Resistive force of an object moving through a liquid or gas, or (2) fluid or gas moving around (or past) an object a. gravity b. inertia c. elasticity d. friction e. fluid resistance

e. fluid resistance

From the anatomical position, your spinal columb is ______ to your arms, and your ears are ______ to your nose. a. lateral, medial b. proximal, distal c. medial, inferior d. inferior, superior e. medial, lateral

e. medial, lateral

Which type of bone is this? a. flat b. short c. irregular d. long e. sesamoid

e. sesamoid

Splits the body into upper and lower parts a. frontal plane b. frontal movement c. sagittal plane d. sagittal movement e. transverse plane f. transverse movement

e. transverse plane

Looking right or left over one's shoulder a. frontal plane b. frontal movement c. sagittal plane d. sagittal movement e. transverse plane f. transverse movement

f. transverse movement

T/F: Forensic biomechanic experts cna help determine if the force aplied ot the body during some event could have caused an injury

true

T/F: How force is produced, maintained, or slowed during physical activity is called function

true

T/F: the primary goal of ergonomics is to improve efficiency and safety for workplace comployees. this may include modifying the environment in which one works or designing new ways to enhance performance of physical activity

true

Mechanical or physiological: movement (major bones provide rigid between joints and sites for muscle attachment)

mechanical

Mechanical or physiological: protection of internal organs

mechanical

Mechanical or physiological: support for weight bearing

mechanical

Biomechanics differ from other physical activity professional in that they must utilize elements: list two out of the five discipline elements

physics, engineering, psychology, biology, anatomy

Mechanical or physiological: blood cell production (produced by bone marrow)

physiological

Mechanical or physiological: storage (of essential minerals such as calcium and phosphorous)

physiological

T/F: It is beneficial for professionals from different subdisiciplines to work together to combine their knowledge - in order to formulate sound research, which benefits many people!

True

T/F: Pulmonary system is the exchange of gases between blood and alveoli?

True

What type of joint is this? a. ball-and-socket b. hinge c. condyloid

a. ball-and-socket

what is the name of the muscle that assists indierctly with the principal muscle's movement? a. agonist b. synergist c. stabilizer d. antagonist

b. synergist

Consists of exercise perfromed for the express purpose of improving athletic, military, work-related, or recreation-related performance. a. cosmetic exercise b. training c. exercise d. health-related exercise

b. training

What type of joint is this? a. ball-and-socket b. hinge c. condyloid

c. condyloid

which is an anaerobic activity. a. running a marathon b. swimming for 30 mins c. plyometric drills (3 sets of 8 reps) d. cycling for 5 mins

c. plyometric drills

work to improve performance and prevent injuries by analyzing a client's movements such as: running analysis; jump form; and or throwing skills. may design specific equipment and test how the body responds to those devices a. qualitative b. quantitative c. sports ergonomists d. forensic biomechanics e. clinical biomechanics

c. sports ergonomists

What is the bone mineral density score for osteoporosis? a. above -1 b. above 0 c. below -1 d. below -2.5

d. below -2.5

Define flexibility and how to improve it

Flexibility: Improve:

List the 2 main themes of biomechanics

Function and Structure

Define muscular endurance and how to improve it

Muscular Endurance: Improve:

Define muscular strength and how to improve it

Muscular Strength: Improve:

What are the disciplines in order? word bank: biology, sports medicine, biomechanics, chemistry, mathematics, engineering, exercise and sport psychology, motor learning and control, physiology, psychology, exercise physiology and biochemistry, physics

Parent Disciplines: Mathematics, Physics, Engineer, Psychology, Biology, Chemistry, Physiology Subdisciplines: Exercise Physiology & Biochemistry, Biomechanics, Motor Learning & Control, Sports Medicine, Exercise and Sport Psychology

A 50 year old asks you to find his/her max heart rate. What would your calcuation estimate? a. 194 bpm b. 40 bpm c. 170 bpm d. 218 bpm

c. 170 bpm

How many molecules does the electron transport chain create? a. 2 b. 10 c. 36-38 d. 129 e. 200

c. 36-38

which of the lever classifications is the most numerous in the human body? a. 1st class levers b. 2nd class levers c. 3rd class levers d. 4th class levers

c. 3rd class levers

How many vertebrae are located in the cervical section. a. 12 b. 5 c. 7

c. 7