HSC chapters 1-6

How does an MRI work?

An MRI measures shifts in the relative alignment of photons within hydrogen atoms of water molecules in the body using a magnetic field.

A chronic disease has a sudden onset and short duration.

False

A headache is a sign of a disease.

False

Autoimmunity has no known cause, but it can be easily prevented.

False

Beneficial changed from exertion are affected by the intensity of the activity and the age or weight of each participant.

False

CD 8 T cells are capable of destroying only viruses.

False

Gardasil covers HPV strains 6, 11, 14, and 18.

False

Gram positive rods stains a rosey pink..

False

Incidence of breast cancer are 1 out of 10 women.

False

Kaposi Sarcoma is an AIDS related tumor of the lymph node.

False

MRI is different than other imaging technologies such as X-rays because it uses ionizing radiation that is harmful to the body.

False

MRI's are not useful for the study of neuroanatomy.

False

Morality is the number of cases of a disease in a population.

False

Reverse transcriptase copies DNA into RNA.

False

Saliva can transmit the AIDS virus.

False

Scleroderma can be cured with the use of anti-inflammatory drugs, immunosuppressive drugs, and vasodilators.

False

Symptoms are evidence of disease, observed on physical examinations.

False

The enzyme integrase cuts the protein sheets into segments to aid in the production of viral particles.

False

The herpes virus can be transmitted only if the person has an active herpetic.

False

The most commonly reported sexually transmitted infection if Human Papilloma Virus (HPV).

False

The syphilitic chancre occurs in the second stage of the infection.

False

Ultrasound technology is based on obtaining multiple X-ray images taken at different angles and integrating the images into three-dimensional picture by a computer.

False

Vertical transmission of infectious diseases can occur either directly or indirectly.

False

B-lymphocytes require a "presented" foreign antigen to initiate an immune response.

False.

A remission may last days, months, or years, after which the disease can recur.

True

A significant disturbance in the homeostasis of the body leads to disease.

True

ART therapy is the recommended treatment for an HIV infection.

True

PID is an infection of the tubes and overies.

True

The average risk of HIV infection after needlestick exposure or cut exposure to HIV-infected blood is 0.3%.

True

The inflammatory response is considered non specific immunity.

True

The primary cell in the inflammatory response is the "polly".

True

The source of an infectious agent is known as a reservior.

True

The studies referenced in the "Prolonged Sitting" article found that short bouts of activity were beneficial no matter how intense the activities were.

True

While complement is part of nonspecific immunity, it helps both nonspecific and specific immunity.

True

Sally has a friend who does not get vaccinations because she is afraid she will get Autism. She says that she read a 1998 article by Andrew Wakefield that showed the MMR vaccine is linked to Autism. Based on the provided "MMR vaccination" article, which of the following is the best response Sally could give? a) "Actually, that researcher and article were discredited and a number of studies have been done that failed to find an association between the MMR vaccine and Autism". b) "You're right; I think it is probably best not to get the vaccine. After all, it is bot like you will get Measles anyway since it is eradicated in the USA". c) "You're right; there was a regressive form of autism caused by MMR vaccination that was not identified by prior studies". d) "Actually, that researcher and article were discredited. However, recent studies indicate that people at high risk for autism should not get vaccinated".

a) "Actually, that researcher and article were discredited and a number of studies have been done that failed to find an association between the MMR vaccine and Autism".

Kyle McGregor participated in the ALS Ice Bucket Challenge a few years ago and wonders if the awareness/money raised helped advance ALS treatment. Based on the ALS article you read, you tell him that a) There is no cure for ALS but there is a promising new Immunotherapy that increases the number of T cells in the ALS patients to help slow the disease progression. b) There is a new cure to ALS that resulted directly from the ALS Ice Bucket Challenge funds. c) There are two FDA approved medications for ALS that can cure the disease. d) There is no cure for ALS but there is a promising new Immunotherapy that uses CRISPR DNA editing to fix the genetic mutations that cause people to get ALS.

a) There is no cure for ALS but there is a promising new Immunotherapy that increases the number of T cells in the ALS patients to help slow the disease progression.

People who harbor an infections agent but do not have signs or symptoms are known as ______________. a) carries b) fomites c) prions d) reservoir

a) carriers

Treatment aims to __________ a disease or reduce the severity of its signs and symptoms. a) cure b) exacerbate c) prevent d) relapse

a) cure

When a disease always occurs at low levels in a population, it is said to be _______. a) endemic b) epidemic c) pandemic d) pathodemic

a) endemic

An important aspect of any disease is its _______, or cause. a) etiology b) idiopathic c) pathogenetic

a) etiology

Which of the following is a potential benefit to boosting the number of memory immune cells? a) Having more memory cells lets you remember more information so you can pass your exam. b) Can help prevent recurrence of infection by "remembering" what dangerous cells look like and stimulating the immune system if those cells appear. c) The memory immune cells can produce a greater volume and more types of cytokines and cytotoxic substances to fight the infectious cells. d) The memory immune cells can remember the most effective methods of fighting each infection. e) None of these are potential benefits to boosting the number of memory immune cells.

b) Can help prevent recurrence of infection by "remembering" what dangerous cells look like and stimulating the immune system if those cells appear

________ uses radioactive materials to create contrast in the body and help form images of the structure and function of organs. a) Computed tomography b) Nuclear medicine c) Radiography d) Ultrasound

b) Nuclear medicine

Which of the following makes MRSA more complicated to treat than some other bacterial infections? a) It is highly infectious and can spread through droplets in the air across a room. b) The bacteria that cause MRSA are often resistant to common antibodies. c) MRSA never presents with any symptoms d) The treatments used for MRSA cannot be given to children because of their severe side effects. e) The first symptoms of MRSA in children are typically life threatening symptoms.

b) The bacteria that cause MRSA are often resistant to common antibodies.

The human papillomavirus is linked to ________ cancer. a) brain b) cervical c) skin d) thyroid

b) cervicaal

A period of ______ occurs when signs and symptoms grow more severe. a) complication b) exacerbation c) relapse d) remission

b) exacerbation

__________ refers to a visual examination of the external surface of the body, its movements, and posture for abnormalities or evidence disease. a) auscultation b) inspection c) palpation

b) inspection

Studies referenced in the "Prolonged Sitting" article showed that short activity had which of the following effects: a) increased glucose, insulin, and triglyceride (fat) levels b) reduced glucose, insulin, and triglyceride (fat) levels c) there was no effect of short bouts of activity

b) reduced glucose, insulin, and triglyceride (fat) levels

A Type I allergic reaction is triggered by _________, the immunoglobulin responds to the presence of allergens. a) IgA b) IgD c) IgE

c) IgE

All of the following are likely consequences of anti-vaccination trends .. a) Outbreaks of vaccine preventable disease, such as Measles. b) A disease in Autism diagnoses c) Increased Pertussis, Flu, and Measles incidence in infants below vaccination age d) Re-emergence of diseases previously eradicated in the USA. e) Decrease in herd immunity protection of non-immune individuals due to high immunity rates in general population)

c) Increased Pertussis, Flu, and Measles incidence in infants below vaccination age

Which of the following cell types is most directly affected by Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)? a) Liver cells b) Stomach cells c) Nerve cells d) Skin cells

c) Nerve cells

_______ can cause dehydration, nausea, disorientation, hallucinations, seizures, and convulsions. a) Hypersensitivity b) Hyposensitivity c) Very high fevers d) Very low fevers

c) Very high fevers

The helper T-cells clones stimulate antibody production by ___________. a) B cells b) complement cells c) plasma cells d) T cells

c) plasma cells

By eliminating known ________ for a disease, a person may reduce the chance of developing that disease. a) categories b) etiology c) risk factors d) sequela

c) risk factors

During the gram stain process, ________. a) thick-walled cells turn orange and thin-walled cells become yellow. b) thick-walled cells turn pink and thin-walled cells become purple. c) thick-walled cells turn purple and thin-walled cells become pink. d) thick-walled cells turn yellow and thin-walled cells become orange.

c) thick-walled cells turn purple and thin-walled cells become pink.

The human immunodeficiency virus infects and kills _________. a) antibodies b) B cells c) cytotoxic T cells d) helper T cells

d) helper T cells

CD8 T effector immune cells help fight infection in all the following ways except: a) turning into memory cells b) producing cytokines and cytotoxic substances to fight malignant cells. c) multiplying quickly and "marching" to the site of the infection d) providing a physical barrier between the body and the environment to prevent infection.

d) providing a physical barrier between the body and the environment to prevent infection.

Of all methods, _____ may be the most effective way to protect personal and public health from infectious diseases, such as the elimination of smallpox. a) antibiotics b) fomites c) nosocmials d) vaccinations

d) vaccinations

HPV wart removal includes: a) surgical excision b) laser c) freezing d) podophyllin e) All of the above

e) All of the above

Linda is a preschool teacher and has recently read all about MRSA in an article entitled "What to know about MRSA in children". She wants to make sure she prevents MRSA in her classroom. Which of the following are steps she can take yo prevent MRSA? a) Teaching the children a "hand washing song" b) Having all the kids dry their hands on the shared washcloth after hand washing. c) Using colorful, fun songs d) Bringing the children to the bathroom after they eat, since then they can wash excess food off their hands. e) Both "a" and "c"

e) Both "a" and "c"

Gonorrhea infection sites include all but. a) cervix, tubes and ovaries b) joints c) heart valves d) meninges e) kidney

e) kidney