Human Biology Chapter 12 (Skeletal), part 1 Final exam practice one rough draft new new
Choose the CORRECT order (1-5) of increasing complexity/organization.
(1) cells, (2) tissues, (3) organs, (4) organ systems, (5) organism
According to the BMI chart, a healthy BMI is in the range of 18.5 to 24.9. 25 to 29.9. 30 or higher. 40 or higher. 50 or higher.
18.5 to 24.9. *A healthy BMI is in the range of 18.5 to 24.9. A BMI in the range of 25 to 29.9 is considered an overweight BMI. A BMI in the range of 30 or higher is considered an obese BMI. A BMI in the range of 40 or higher is considered a morbidly obese BMI. A BMI of 50 or higher is not measured on the BMI chart. Section: 09.06
A species has 29% of its DNA composed of the nucleotide containing guanine (G). What percent does the nitrogen base thymine (T) equal?
21%
A fat contains how many fatty acids?
3
A test for metal toxicity looks at the amount of metal present in the red blood cell membrane. How long ago could this metal poisoning have occurred and still be found in the cell membrane? a few days a week a month 3 months 6 months
3 months *Red blood cells only live about 120 days, so the poisoning would have had to occur within the last 120 days. Section: 06.02
List the three processes involved in the formation of urine in order. 1. tubular secretion; 2. tubular reabsorption; 3. glomerular filtration 1,2,3 3,2,1 1,3,2 2,3,1 2,1,3
3,2,1 *Glomerular filtration is followed by tubular reabsorption and then tubular secretion. Section: 11.03
Arrange the steps of bone repair in order. 1. Remodeling; 2. Bony callus; 3. Hematoma; 4. Fibrocartilaginous callus 1,2,3,4 4,3,2,1 1,2,4,3 3,4,2,1 2,1,4,3
3,4,2,1 *The order of bone repair is hematoma, fibrocartilaginous callus, followed by a bony callus, and remodeling. (section 12.05)
How long does the bony callus in a bone repair last? 1-2 days 3-4 weeks 3-4 months 1-2 years more than 10 years
3-4 months *The bony callus lasts about three to four months. (section 12.05)
How many vertebrae are there? 5 10 18 24 33
33 *There are 33 vertebrae. (section 12.02)
Be has an atomic number of 4 and an atomic mass of 9. How many protons does it have?
4
How many globin chains are found in hemoglobin? 0 1 2 3 4
4 *There are four globin chains in hemoglobin. Section: 06.02
Place the parts of the nephron in order of how filtration would occur. 1. ascending limb of loop; 2. descending limb of loop; 3. proximal convoluted tubule; 4. glomerulus; 5. collecting duct; 6. distal convoluted tubule 4,3,2,1,6,5 1,2,3,4,5,6 2,1,6,4,3,5 1,2,4,3,6,5 6,4,1,2,3,5
4,3,2,1,6,5 *Filtrate moves from the glomerulus to the proximal convoluted tubule, through the descending limb and then the ascending limb, and finally to the collecting duct. Section: 11.02
A solution containing 0.00001 moles of H+ has a pH of
5
How much carbon dioxide is dissolved in the plasma? 0% 1% 5% 7% 10%
7% *About 7% of the carbon dioxide is dissolved in plasma. Section: 06.02
If your pulse is 70 beats per minute, how fast is your heart beating? 140 beats per minute 35 beats per minute 70 beats per minute 120 beats per minute 80 beats per minute
70 beats per minute *Normally, the pulse rate indicates the heart rate because the arterial walls pulse whenever the left ventricle contracts. Section: 05.04
Carbon dating is a common method employed in dating certain kinds of fossils. It is based upon the radioactive decay of an isotope of carbon (C14). Referring to the atomic number of carbon attained from figure 2.1, how many neutrons does C14 have?
8
How many elements occur naturally?
92
What do type A positive and AB negative blood have in common? A and B antigens A antigens and Rh antigens, anti-B antibodies anti-B antibodies and Rh antigens A antigens, anti-B antibodies A antigens
A antigens *Blood type A positive has A antigens, Rh antigens, and anti-B antibodies. Blood type AB negative has A antigens, B antigens, and anti-Rh antibodies. The only thing they have in common is A antigens. Section: 06.05
How is bone repair different from bone development? A hematoma indicates an injury has occurred. Osteoblasts are not involved in bone repair but they are in bone development. Osteoclasts are involved in bone development but not in bone repair. Only spongy bone is built in bone repair while both spongy and compact bone are built in bone development. There is no cartilage involved in bone repair but there is in bone development.
A hematoma indicates an injury has occurred. *In some ways, bone repair parallels the development of a bone except that the first step, hematoma, indicates that injury has occurred. (section 12.05)
What is iodine 131, used in medicine to produce various images of organs and tissues, called?
A tracer
7. What is the maximum number of ATP molecules produced during aerobic respiration?
A. 38
A solution is at equilibrium across a plasma membrane. If 50 molecules were to enter the cell, how many molecules would need to exit the cell in order to maintain the equilibrium?
A. 50
16. If you could remove all the phosphate in the cell, what would happen to the ATP cycle?
A. It would stop when all the ATP had been converted into ADP.
Whose work proved conclusively that spontaneous generation of life from nonlife was not possible?
A. Louis Pasteur
Which of the following protein fibers is used for cellular movement and are extremely thin in size?
A. actin filaments
28. Angela would like to look at living algae from pond water. What type of equipment should she use?
A. compound light microscope
Which of the following processes moves large molecules across a membrane in the opposite direction of the others?
A. exocytosis
In an experiment in the laboratory, a small colored molecule is injected into one cell. Within minutes, the molecule has entered the adjacent cells. What type of junctions connect these cells?
A. gap junctions
Which of the following can cross the plasma membrane because of its selective permeability?
A. gases such as oxygen and carbon dioxide
Which of the following steps in the breakdown of glucose does not require oxygen?
A. glycolysis
How large is a nuclear pore in the nuclear envelope?
A. larger than a ribosome
2. The gel-like fluid substance within a mitochondrion is called the
A. matrix.
Which protein filaments are bundled together to form cilia?
A. microtubules
Which of the following does not utilize active transport?
A. movement of oxygen from the lungs into the blood
30. Which of the following structures are present in both eukaryotes and prokaryotes?
A. plasma membrane
32. The phospholipid bilayer that surrounds/maintains the integrity of a cell is called a
A. plasma membrane.
What components make up the ribosomes?
A. proteins and rRNA
Which of the following diseases would you expect in someone with malfunctioning cilia?
A. recurrent respiratory infections
Which structure in the human body will use flagella to move?
A. sperm
13. If the mitochondrion is the result of endosymbiosis, what membrane of the mitochondrion represents the engulfing vesicle?
A. the outer mitochondrial membrane
What is the main function of the ribosomes in the cell?
A. to synthesize proteins
Which of the following would be a way of finishing this hypothesis about the function of the Golgi apparatus? If the Golgi apparatus is involved in packaging products for secretion, then
A. vesicles must travel from the Golgi to the cell surface
If you do not drink enough water, which hormone will the hypothalamus produce to regulate urine production? renin ADH ANH aldosterone diuretics
ADH *hypothalamus produces ADH if our water intact has been too low. Section: 11.04
If your blood pressure is high because of increased blood volume, what hormone will correct this? renin ADH ANH aldosterone testosterone
ANH *ANH will cause excretion of Na+ followed by excretion of water and result in reduced blood volume. Section: 11.04
Explain the functions of adhesion junctions, gap junctions, and tight junctions in human cells.
Adhesion junctions serve to mechanically attach adjacent cells to each other. This type of junction allows movement of molecules between connected cells. It forms a porous type of barrier. Gap junctions serve to communicate information between cells. It forms a channel that allows for the rapid movement of molecules from one cell to the next. Tight junctions make solid connections between adjacent cells. These cells form a solid barrier.
Which body system does not dump some product into the blood? the urinary system the muscular system the digestive system the respiratory system All body systems dump wastes into the blood
All body systems dump wastes into the blood *All tissues dump wastes into the blood, so all body systems are intimately involved with the blood. Section: 06.06
A species has been discovered that is able to live in boiling hot springs. This organism most likely belongs to the domain
Archaea
When dissecting a specimen, Barry noticed that the arteries were thicker and more elastic than the veins. Why? Veins return blood to the heart against gravity. Arteries contain a greater volume of blood. Veins have valves. Arteries are under greater pressure. Arteries have less smooth muscle than veins.
Arteries are under greater pressure. *Arteries are thicker and more elastic than veins because they are under greater pressure. Section: 05.02
In conducting a review of the literature on the Internet, which of the following sources would be the least reliable?
Astrology and Medicine
What type of hepatitis is usually acquired through blood transfusions or sexual contact? B A C D E
B *Hepatitis B is acquired through sexual contact, blood transfusions, or contaminated needles. Section: 09.04
Robby has type B positive blood. His blood will contain A and Rh antigens, and anti-B antibodies. A but no Rh antigens, and anti-B antibodies. B but no Rh antigens, and anti-A antibodies. B and Rh antigens, and anti-A antibodies. B and Rh antigens, and no antibodies.
B and Rh antigens, and anti-A antibodies. *Robby will possess both B antigens and Rh antigens on his red blood cells, and antibodies against A. Section: 06.05
17. ________ are the fundamental units that make up all living things.
B. Cells
The grainy-looking substance inside the nucleus is composed of
B. DNA and proteins.
Brad placed a drop of blood in some distilled water. What happened in the red blood cells?
B. The cells burst.
1. What are the folds in mitochondrial membranes called?
B. cristae
33. What is the name of the semi-fluid medium inside the cell?
B. cytoplasm
The assisted transport of a molecule across the cell membrane without an expenditure of energy is known as what?
B. facilitated transport
41. Which model currently describes the structure of the plasma membrane?
B. fluid-mosaic model
In the fluid-mosaic model of the plasma membrane, the phospholipid molecules are oriented so that the _____________ heads are facing the outside environment and the ________________
B. hydrophilic, hydrophobic
Often when a person is admitted to the hospital, an intravenous solution of normal saline is begun. Since this does not harm the patient, what is the tonicity of normal saline compared to your blood
B. isotonic
What is the obvious dark-stained structure within the nucleus that contains ribosomal RNA called?
B. nucleolus
The movement of water across a semi-permeable membrane is called
B. osmosis.
Sheree observed an amoeba feeding by engulfing the prey with its false feet or pseudopods. This process is known as
B. phagocytosis.
Which of the following is not a function of the cytoskeleton?
B. process proteins
If a cell lacked ribosomes, it would not be able to
B. synthesize proteins.
What do the SER and RER have in common?
B. the formation of transport vesicles
The reason that metabolizing cells are small in size is because
B. the surface area of a cell must be able to accomplish nutrient/waste exchange.
35. The plasma membrane contains how many layers of phospholipids?
B. two
4. In a metabolic pathway, substrate Z is broken down to form product Y and X. Y is further broken down into products V and W. How many enzymes are required for this metabolic pathway?
B. two
The scientific study of life is called
Biology
All of the ecosystems on the planet together are called the
Biosphere
If fluid is leaving a capillary and entering the tissue, which of the following statements is true? Red blood cells are able to leave the capillary. Plasma proteins are able to leave the capillary. Blood pressure is higher than osmotic pressure. This is the venous end of the capillary. The net pressure is in.
Blood pressure is higher than osmotic pressure. *At the arterial end of the capillary, blood pressure is higher than osmotic pressure, and tissue fluid leaves the capillary and enters the tissue. Section: 05.06
The process of mechanical digestion includes breakdown of food particles by enzymes. physically making food smaller and easier to handle. churning of food in the muscular stomach. hydrolysis of nutrients. Both answer choices B and C are correct.
Both answer choices B and C are correct. *The process of mechanical digestion includes physically making food smaller and easier to handle by the churning of food. Section: 09.01
How are excretion and defecation alike? Both are carried out by the urinary system. Both eliminate waste from the body. Both are carried out by the digestive system. Both involve the kidneys. Both involve the colon.
Both eliminate waste from the body. *Excretion removes metabolic waste from the body while defecation removes undigested food and bacteria from the body. Section: 11.01
Why is it necessary to include some carbohydrates in the diet? Carbohydrates are considered a "complete" nutrient. Some carbohydrates contain essential fatty acids. Some carbohydrates contain essential amino acids. Carbohydrates are the only source of energy for the body. Brain cells require glucose.
Brain cells require glucose *Brain cells require glucose and are unable to convert fatty acids to glucose. Section: 09.06
A diet rich in what vitamins may reduce the chance of free radicals that can cause health problems? C and B12 C, E, and A D and C D, C, and E B12, C, and E
C, E, and A *Vitamins C, E, and A are believed to defend the body against free radicals and are therefore termed antioxidants. Section: 09.06
26. The light microscope has a resolving power of
C. 0.0001 mm.
22. If a cell has a volume of 3nm, what are the surface area and the volume of the cell?
C. 54nm2, 27nm3
36. Paleontologists have discovered ancient prokaryotic fossils dated at over 3.5 billion years old. These fossils resemble prokaryotes that are capable of living in extreme conditions such as high temperature and salinity. What domain do these prokaryotes belong to?
C. Archaea
What cell structure is composed of a stack of slightly curved saccules that are important in packaging and secretion?
C. Golgi apparatus
Choose the CORRECT statement about solute concentrations or particles inside and outside the cell.
C. In an isotonic solution the amount of water inside and outside the cell is equal.
Why is glycolysis believed to have evolved early in the history of life?
C. It is present in most every type of cell.
25. Brett needs to distinguish two points that are 0.5 mm apart. What is the easiest way to do this?
C. Use his eyes.
Which of the following is not associated with the cytoskeleton?
C. microbodies
27. What type of microscopy provides a three-dimensional view of the surface of an object?
C. scanning electron microscope
What is the function of cholesterol in the plasma membrane?
C. support
Which type of junctions must there be between cells to form a barrier?
C. tight junctions
Which of the following is a digestive hormone that causes the liver to increase its production of bile and the gallbladder to release stored bile? GIP CCK HCl ATP NAD
CCK *CCK or cholecystokinin causes the liver to increase in production of bile and the gallbladder to release stored bile. Section: 09.04
Which of the following statements most correctly defines homeostasis
Cells and organisms must be able to maintain a fairly constant internal environment.
List, in order, the stages of aerobic cellular respiration.
Cellular respiration begins with glycolysis. The resulting pyruvates are modified and then moved into the citric acid cycle within the matrix of the mitochondria. The resulting NADH molecules from glycolysis are then moved to the electron transport chain in which they deliver electrons. The electrons are passed down the electron transport chain, producing ATP and ultimately combining with oxygen.
What passes through the digestive tract as fiber or roughage?
Cellulose
What is the relationship between Crohn's disease and inflammatory bowel disease? Crohn's disease is one of the most common inflammatory bowel diseases. Inflammatory bowel disease is a type of Crohn's disease. They are two separate diseases but both affect only the colon. In Crohn's disease, the colon is affected, but in inflammatory bowel disease only the small intestine is affected. In Crohn's disease, small pouches form in the muscularis, while in inflammatory bowel disease, inflammation occurs throughout the digestive tract.
Crohn's disease is one of the most common inflammatory bowel diseases. *Crohn's disease is one of the most common inflammatory bowel diseases. Section: 09.05
24. Viruses are not made up of cells. According to cell theory, this means what?
D. Viruses are not living
21. In developing embryos such as a chicken, what restores the amount of surface area needed for exchange requirements?
D. cell division
Which of the following is not a function of the plasma membrane?
D. contains the genetic information
What cellular organelle is especially abundant in phagocytic white blood cells?
D. lysosomes
3. The sum of all of the chemical reactions that occur in a cell collectively are called
D. metabolism.
23. What is the name of a photograph of a specimen obtained with a microscope?
D. micrograph
Centrosomes are associated with
D. microtubules.
18. The size of a metabolizing cell is limited by its
D.surface area to volume ratio
11. Explain what occurs during endocytosis.
During endocytosis a portion of the plasma membrane invaginates and forms a pouch in order to envelop a substance and fluid. As the membrane folds inward it will eventually pinch itself together forming a vesicle containing the substance or fluid inside of the cell.
Which organelle can be likened to a post office?
E. Golgi apparatus
A short chain of sugar attached to a protein molecule on the plasma membrane is called
E. a glycoprotein.
All of the following are possible origins of cell organelles in eukaryotes EXCEPT
E. groups of prokaryotic cells begin to live in a small group sharing products of metabolism.
During a hurricane, salt water invades fresh water marshes causing many of the plants to die. The plants are killed because the salt water solution is __________________ to the plants, drawing water from their cells.
E. hypertonic
10. The first day of football practice was rough on the squad. During practice the players complained of cramps and sore muscles. The reason for their complaints was that there was a __________________ build up in their muscles.
E. lactate
___ glands are considered ductless glands, while ___ glands contain ducts.
Endocrine, exocrine
The cell you are examining under the microscope appears to contain a nucleus. This organism belongs to the domain
Eukarya
Choose the following interest group that should be held most responsible for the future roles of new scientific technologies.
Everyone
ANH is a hormone produced by the hypothalamus and secreted by the posterior pituitary. True False
F *ANH is produced by the atria of the heart. ADH is produced by the hypothalamus and secreted by the posterior pituitary. Section: 11.04
Parts of the nephron are lined with epithelial cells containing large numbers of mitochondria to assist in diffusion. True False
F *Diffusion is a passive process and does not require energy. The mitochondria assist in active transport. Section: 11.02
After running a marathon, it is best to drink water to restore what was lost due to heavy sweating. True False
F *It is best to drink sports drinks that contain sodium and water, both of which are lost due to heavy sweating. Section: 11.04
Each nephron has its own collecting duct. True False
F *Several nephrons enter the same collecting duct. Section: 11.02
Today, obesity is often defined as having a body mass index of 20 or greater. True False
F *The body mass index for obesity is 30 or greater. Section: 09.06
The kidneys help to maintain blood pressure by monitoring the pH of the blood. True False
F *The kidneys help to maintain blood pressure by monitoring the water-salt balance of the blood. Section: 11.01
A nephron is a two-way system with glomerular filtrate traveling back and forth within the nephron. True False
F *The nephron is a one way system. Filtrate moves from the glomerular capsule through the proximal convoluted tubule to the loop of Henle to the collecting duct. Section: 11.02
The reabsorption of water in the kidneys always precedes the reabsorption of salt. True False
F *The reabsorption of salt in the kidneys always precedes the reabsorption of water. Section: 11.04
The renal pyramids are located within the renal pelvis. True False
F *The renal pyramids are located within the renal medulla. Section: 11.02
The success rate for a kidney transplant from even a relative is fairly low. True False
F *The success rate for a kidney transplant from a relative is 97%. Section: 11.05
The urethra in females is much longer than in males. True False
F *The urethra in males averages 20 cm long, while in females it measures 4 cm long. Section: 11.01
The kidneys excrete metabolic wastes, including urea, a by-product of glucose metabolism. True False
F *Urea is a by-product of amino acid metabolism. Section: 11.01
Humans evolved from apes.
False
Humans have identified and named almost all of the almost 15 million species on Earth.
False
Organisms are composed of multiple cells.
False
Blood clotting requires 12 clotting factors and calcium ions (Ca2+) to ensure that plasma and the formed elements leave the blood vessels. True False
False *Blood clotting requires 12 clotting factors and calcium ions (Ca2+) to ensure that plasma and the formed elements remain in the blood vessels. Section: 06.04
Blood clotting requires 6 clotting factors and calcium ions (Ca2+) to ensure that plasma and the formed elements remain in the blood vessels. True False
False *Blood clotting requires at least 12 clotting factors along with calcium ions (Ca2+) to ensure that plasma and the formed elements remain in the blood vessels. Section: 06.04
Blood pressure plays a major role in returning venous blood to the heart. True False
False *Blood pressure plays only a small role in returning venous blood to the heart. Venous return is dependent on the skeletal muscle pump, the respiratory pump, and valves in veins. Section: 05.04
Diastolic pressure is when the heart atria are relaxing. True False
False *False, the diastolic pressure is when the heart ventricles are relaxing. Section: 05.04
The hepatic portal vein carries blood from the liver to the digestive tract. True False
False *False, the hepatic portal vein carries blood from the digestive tract to the liver. Section: 05.05
All of the accessory organs of the digestive system send secretions to the small intestine. True False
False *Only the gallbladder and pancreas send secretions to the small intestine. Section: 09.01
The cardiovascular system consists of the heart, blood vessels, and skeletal muscles. True False
False *Skeletal muscles are not considered part of the cardiovascular system. Section: 05.01
Tissue fluid leaving the arterial end of the capillary is balanced by tissue fluid entering the venous end of the capillary. True False
False *Some tissue fluid does not re-enter the capillary and is collected by the lymphatic system. Section: 05.06
White blood cells are like red blood cells in that they only live for a matter of days. True False
False *Some white blood cells may only live for a few days but others can live for months or even years. Section: 06.03
Substances that are nonfilterable in the glomerulus exit the nephron through the afferent arteriole. True False
False *Substances that are nonfilterable in the glomerulus exit the nephron through the efferent arteriole. Section: 11.03
A person will have antibodies against any blood antigens different from their own, regardless of whether they have had a transfusion or not. True False
False *The antibodies against blood antigens develop whether or not a person ever has a transfusion. Section: 06.05
Gas exchange is the only function of blood. True False
False *The blood has many functions, of which gas exchange is only one. Section: 05.01
The cardiac muscle is supplied with nutrients from the blood within the heart itself. True False
False *The cardiac muscle receives oxygen and nutrients from the coronary arteries. Section: 05.03
The glottis closes off the larynx so the bolus of food enters the esophagus and not the trachea. True False
False *The epiglottis closes off the larynx. Section: 09.02
The gallbladder produces bile. True False
False *The liver produces bile which is stored in the gallbladder. Section: 09.04
All veins carry oxygen-poor blood. True False
False *The pulmonary veins carry oxygen-rich blood so this is not a true statement. Section: 05.05
The walls of veins are thinner, so they cannot expand as greatly as arteries can. True False
False *The walls of veins are thinner, so they can expand to a greater extent than can arteries. Section: 05.02
The ABO antigens and Rh antigens are the only blood groups considered before a transfusion. True False
False *There are other blood group incompatibilities possible, so before blood can be safely transfused it is necessary to physically combine donor blood with recipient blood on a glass slide and check for agglutination. Section: 06.05
A blood pressure of 90/40 is considered normal. True False
False *This would be considered hypotension. Normal blood pressure is 120/80. Section: 05.04
The BMI is useful because it tells you how much of your weight is due to adipose tissue regardless of your fitness, bone structure, or gender. True False
False The BMI only gives you an idea of how much of your weight is due to adipose tissue. This can vary depending on your fitness, bone structure, or gender. Section: 09.06
If blood clotting doesn't occur correctly what could happen? Formed elements and plasma would not remain in the blood. Red blood cells would increase in concentration. The Ca2+ concentration in the blood would increase. The blood pressure of the individuals would increase. Fluid would accumulate in the body.
Formed elements and plasma would not remain in the blood. *If blood clotting doesn't occur correctly the formed elements and plasma would not remain in the blood. The concentration of red blood cells would decrease due to the loss of cells. The Ca2+ concentration in the blood would decrease. The blood pressure of the individuals would decrease due to the loss of blood. Fluid would not accumulate in the body. Section: 06.04
Which of the following characteristics of water is most responsible for the sinking of the Titanic?
Frozen water is less dense than liquid water.
Which substance is removed from the blood during tubular secretion? H+ Na+ Aldosterone water Cl-
H+ *H+ are removed from the blood during tubular secretion. Na+ is reabsorbed into the blood. Aldosterone is excreted by the kidneys into the bloodstream. Water is reabsorbed into the blood. Cl- is reabsorbed into the blood. Section: 11.03
Which molecule is secreted from the peritubular capillary network into the convoluted tubules? water salt H+ nutrients plasma proteins
H+ *H+ is actively secreted from the peritubular capillary network into the convoluted tubules. Section: 11.03
An element has its outermost orbital full and contains more than 2 electrons. Which element is this?
He
Which of the following statements is a hypothesis?
If students buy the university meal plan, then they will eat more vegetables.
Why is bile a yellowish-greenish color? It contains pancreatic juices. It contains bilirubin. It contains biliverdin. It contains chlorophyll. It contains cholesterol.
It contains bilirubin. The yellowish-green color of bile is primarily due to the presence of bilirubin. Section: 09.04
Elizabeth takes a prescription drug that dilates her arterioles. What does this do to her blood pressure? Why? It falls because this increases the cross-sectional area of the vessels. It rises because this increases the cross-sectional area of the vessels. It falls because this decreases the cross-sectional area of the vessels. It rises because this decreases the cross-sectional area of the vessels. It stays the same because venules, not arterioles, control blood pressure.
It falls because this increases the cross-sectional area of the vessels. *When arterioles dilate blood pressure falls because of the increase in the cross-sectional area of the vessels. Section: 05.02
Why do some people not drink beverages with caffeine right before bedtime? It increases the flow of urine and causes you to go to the bathroom during the night. It decreases the flow of urine and can cause kidney stones. It may affect the ability to sleep but caffeine has very little effect on the urinary system. It can cause a headache if consumed late at night. It can lead to diarrhea.
It increases the flow of urine and causes you to go to the bathroom during the night. *Caffeine is a diurectic and increases the flow of urine. Section: 11.04
While glucose is filtered out at the glomerulus, none is excreted in the urine. What happens to the glucose? It is reabsorbed at the distal convoluted tubule. It is secreted at the proximal convoluted tubule. It is reabsorbed at the proximal convoluted tubule. It is secreted at the distal convoluted tubule. It is reabsorbed from the collecting duct.
It is reabsorbed at the proximal convoluted tubule. *Nutrients such as glucose and amino acids are reabsorbed at the proximal convoluted tubule. Section: 11.03
What effect does cellular respiration have on the pH of the blood? It does not affect the pH. It raises the pH. It lowers the pH. Increases the amount of hydrogen ions in the blood. Decreases the amount of hydroxide ions in the blood.
It lowers the pH. *Cellular respiration produces carbon dioxide which combines with water to form carbonic acid, thereby lowering the pH of the blood. Section: 11.04
Which of the following is not a function of the liver? It helps regulate blood cholesterol levels. It secretes digestive enzymes into the small intestine. It removes iron and certain vitamins from the blood and stores them. It removes poisonous substances from the blood and detoxifies them. It produces bile.
It secretes digestive enzymes into the small intestine *The pancreas secretes digestive enzymes into the small intestine. Section: 09.04
Why is the pancreas both an endocrine and an exocrine gland? It secretes bile through the pancreatic duct and insulin into the blood. It secretes insulin through the pancreatic duct and bile into the blood. It secretes secretin through the pancreatic duct and insulin into the blood. It secretes pancreatic juice through the pancreatic duct and insulin into the blood. It secretes insulin through the pancreatic duct and secretin into the blood.
It secretes pancreatic juice through the pancreatic duct and insulin into the blood. *As an exocrine gland it secretes pancreatic juice through the pancreatic duct. As an endocrine gland it secretes insulin into the blood. Section: 09.04
Jason broke his finger playing football, while Sean tore the cartilage in his knee playing basketball. Which one will heal faster and why? Jason, bones have a blood supply and heal faster Jason, fingers bear less weight than knees do Sean, cartilage has a blood supply and heal faster Sean, knees can be immobilized easier than fingers Jason, fingers require fewer nutrients to repair because they are small
Jason, bones have a blood supply and heal faster *Cartilage is lacking a blood supply and this makes it slow to heal. (section 12.01)
Which of the following is not a basic characteristic of all living things?
Living things contain a nucleus and organelles.
Viruses are not considered alive. Which of the following characteristics of living things do they lack?
Living things grow and develop.
In which of the following scenarios would hemolytic disease of the newborn be a possibility? Mom is Rh negative and dad is Rh positive. Both mom and dad are Rh negative. Both mom and dad are Rh positive. Mom is Rh positive and dad is Rh negative. Mom is blood type O and dad is blood type B.
Mom is Rh negative and dad is Rh positive. *Hemolytic disease of the newborn is only a possibility when mom is Rh negative and dad is Rh positive making the fetus Rh positive. The blood type of the parents does not play a role in hemolytic disease. Section: 06.05
What is the symbol for sodium?
Na
What type of tissue receives sensory input, integrates data, and conducts impulses?
Nervous tissue
Jeremy has type O negative blood. What type blood could he receive in a transfusion? O negative only A positive, A negative, B positive, and B negative A positive and B positive AB positive only AB negative only
O negative only *Jeremy cannot receive A positive or negative, B positive or negative, or AB positive or negative blood because he has antibodies against both A and B antigens. Section: 06.05
Ray is considered a universal donor. His blood type is O negative. A negative. B negative. AB negative. Rh negative.
O negative. *Blood type O negative is the universal donor because it has no antibodies against A, B, or Rh factors. Section: 06.05
________ observations are supported by factual information while _______ observations involve personal judgment.
Objective/subjective
A complex individual that consists of organ systems is known as a/an
Organism
How are osteocytes and osteoblasts related? Osteocytes become osteoblasts as the bone matures. Osteoblasts become osteocytes as the bone matures. Osteocytes and osteoblasts have the same function, but osteocytes work in the adult and osteoblasts work in the fetus. Osteocytes and osteoblasts work opposite each other. One builds up bone while the other absorbs it. Osteocytes are mature bone cells while osteoblasts are a form of bone cancer.
Osteoblasts become osteocytes as the bone matures. *When an osteoblast is surrounded by calcified matrix, it becomes an osteocyte. (section 12.05)
What two hormones are involved in regulating the blood calcium level? calcitonin and renin renin and aldosterone renin and PTH aldosterone and PTH PTH and calcitonin
PTH and calcitonin *PTH stimules osteoclasts while calcitonin has the opposite effect. (section 12.05)
Which of the following is an example of correlation without causation?
People who commit crimes also consume bread.
In a swamp, all of the alligators would represent a/an
Population
Which of the following activities is not recommended for prevention of cardiovascular disease? Know your cholesterol level. Take antioxidant vitamins (A, E, and C). Raise the LDL intake. Use olive and canola oil rather than butter/cream. Exercise moderately.
Raise the LDL intake. *Raising the low density lipoprotein level (LDL) is not recommended for the prevention of cardiovascular disease. Section: 05.07
Jena and Seth could have a child with hemolytic disease of the newborn. Jena must be Rh negative. Rh positive. a carrier for anemia. blood type A. blood type O.
Rh negative. There is a danger of hemolytic disease of the newborn when the mother is Rh negative, the father is Rh positive, and the baby is Rh positive. Therefore, Jena must be Rh negative. The blood type of the mother has nothing to due with the risk of hemolytic disease. Anemia and hemolytic disease are not related at all. Section: 06.05
Robby could not produce the enzyme adenosine deaminase. As a result, he suffered from mononucleosis. cystic fibrosis. sickle cell anemia. SCID. Graves disease.
SCID *SCID, severe combined immunodeficiency disease, results from the lack of adenosine deaminase. Section: 06.03
Which type of cell is neuroglia found outside of the brain?
Schwann cells
Which of the following statements explains the atomic bomb and the benefit of nuclear physics to cancer therapy?
Science and technology are not risk free.
Due to the compression of her intervertebral disks, Carla had several of her lumbar vertebrae fused together. How does this affect Carla? She will have limited movement in that area. She will not be affected at all. She will need assistance in walking. She will be unable to stand upright. She will be unable to lie flat on her back.
She will have limited movement in that area. *The intervertebral disks allow the vertebrae to move as we bend forward, backward, and from side to side. If the vertebrae are fused together, this type of movement will be limited. (section 12.02)
Recent studies of an oyster-rich bay indicated a high coliform count. What should the fisheries officers do? Nothing. A high coliform count is normal. Nothing. This is good for oyster production. Shut down the bay. This is harmful to humans who eat the oysters. Shut down the bay. This is harmful to the oysters. Nothing. A high coliform count would be beneficial to humans who ate the oysters.
Shut down the bay. This is harmful to humans who eat the oysters. *The officers should shut down the bay because this indicates fecal contamination of the water which could be harmful to people eating the oysters. Section: 09.05
Examine the section of the periodic table in Figure 2.1. Which element will behave similarly to C?
Si
An enlarged prostate gland can lead to kidney stones in males. True False
T *An enlarged prostate gland, urinary tract infections, pH imbalances, or an intake of too much calcium can lead to kidney stones. Section: 11.05
Approximately 99% of the water that is filtered in the glomerulus is reabsorbed. True False
T *Approximately 180 liters of water are filtered per day and only 1.8 liters are excreted. Section: 11.03
Constipation can be treated by adding fiber to the diet. True False
T *Diets that lack whole grain foods (and therefore fiber) can lead to constipation. Bulk laxatives, containing fiber, can reverse the situation. Section: 09.05
When a nutrition label states that something has "0" grams of trans fat, this might not mean there are no trans fats in the food. True False
T *If the amount of trans fats are less than 0.5 grams per serving, it can be listed on the label as "0 trans fat" even though there are some trans fats present. Section: 09.06
Tubular reabsorption requires both passive and active modes of reabsorption. True False
T *Molecules like glucose and Na+ are actively absorbed whereas other molecules like Cl- are passively reabsorbed. Section: 11.03
The kidneys are much more powerful than the acid-base buffer and the respiratory center mechanisms in controlling blood pH. True False
T *Only the kidneys can rid the body of a wide range of acidic and basic substances and adjust the pH. Section: 11.04
Swallowing consists of both a voluntary phase and a reflex action. True False
T *Swallowing has a voluntary phase. However, once food or drink is pushed back far enough, swallowing becomes a reflex action. Section: 09.02
The kidneys interact with every other organ system of the human body in maintaining homeostasis. True False
T *The kidneys play a major role in homeostasis in the body and interact with every other organ system. Section: 11.04
The urethra is controlled by two sphincters, one composed of smooth muscle and one composed of skeletal muscle. True False
T *The smooth muscle sphincter is involuntarily controlled while the skeletal muscle one can be voluntarily controlled. Section: 11.01
The kidneys convert vitamin D and thereby assist calcium homeostasis. True False
T *This is another function of the kidneys. Vitamin D promotes calcium absorption from the digestive tract. Section: 11.01
Why does glucose appear in the urine of a diabetic? The volume of urine is too great to filter. No glucose is filtered into the glomerular filtrate. The kidneys produce glucose in diabetes. The carriers for glucose reabsorption reach their maximum rate of transport. The ascending limb of the loop of Henle secretes glucose into the urine.
The carriers for glucose reabsorption reach their maximum rate of transport. *Because the level of glucose is so high in the blood and the carriers for glucose reabsorption reach their maximum rate of transport, excess glucose remains in the urine. Section: 11.03
What happens to the excess fluid that leaves the capillaries at the venous end? The excess fluid is collected in the lymphatic capillaries. There is no excess fluid, 100% always returns to the capillary beds. The excess fluid is excreted by the kidneys. The excess fluid is reabsorbed by the intestines. The excess fluid will accumulate in the cells causing them to rupture.
The excess fluid is collected in the lymphatic capillaries. *The excess fluid is collected in the lymphatic capillaries. There is always some fluid left over since 100% does not return to the venous capillaries. It is not excreted or reabsorbed by the kidneys. It doesn't accumulate in the cells causing them to rupture. Section: 05.06
Why does urine have an acidic pH? The kidneys filter and excrete H+ from the blood. The kidneys produce H+ in the process of filtering the blood. The blood has an acidic pH and the kidneys produce urine similar to the pH of the blood. There is a high concentration of HCl acid in the urine producing an acidic substance. The kidneys absorb H+ ions and excrete bicarbonate ions.
The kidneys filter and excrete H+ from the blood. *The kidneys remove and excrete excess H+ from the blood in order to maintain a blood pH of 7.4. Section: 11.04
Choose the most correct statement concerning capillaries. Networks of capillaries are called capillary nets. Almost all capillaries are open at the same time. The only site of nutrient, gas exchange, and waste exchange is the capillaries. Pre-capillary sphincters contract to increase capillary flow. The walls of capillaries contain smooth muscle.
The only site of nutrient, gas exchange, and waste exchange is the capillaries. *The only site of nutrient, gas exchange, and waste exchange is the capillaries. Section: 05.02
Which of the following statements is not true regarding the region of primary ossification of a bone? Osteoblasts are derived from the newly formed periosteum. Bone formation spreads from the center to the ends of the bone. As the cartilage models calcify, the chondrocytes die off. The region of primary ossification is where osteoclasts are laid down on the outside of the bone. A band of cartilage remains between the primary ossification center and each secondary center.
The region of primary ossification is where osteoclasts are laid down on the outside of the bone. *The region of primary ossification is where osteoblasts lay down spongy bone in the interior of the bone. (section 12.05)
A person who sits for hours on a long airplane flight will have problems will blood pooling below the knees. Why? The valves in the leg veins don't work above a certain altitude. Blood pressure drops on long airplane flights. The respiratory pump is not helping blood return to the heart. The capillaries expand at high altitudes. The skeletal muscle pump below the knees is not helping blood return to the heart.
The skeletal muscle pump below the knees is not helping blood return to the heart. *The skeletal muscle pump functions every time a muscle contracts. If the person is not moving, the muscles do not contract, and the blood pools in the lower extremities. Section: 05.04
On a warm day in April, Tina jumped into the swimming pool. To her surprise the water was really cold. Which property of water did she discover?
The temperature of liquid water rises and falls slowly.
Which of the following is not a basic theory of biology?
Theory of gravity
Why does blood move slower in the capillaries compared to the arterioles? Capillaries are much wider than arterioles. Blood pressure is much higher in capillaries than in arterioles. There are many more capillaries than arterioles. Precapillary sphincters close shunting blood into capillaries. Capillaries are present in muscles while arterioles are not.
There are many more capillaries than arterioles. *There are many more capillaries than arterioles and the increase in cross-sectional area causes a decrease in blood flow. Section: 05.04
Which of the following is not a characteristic of infectious mononucleosis? It is caused by an Epstein-Barr virus. Symptoms include fever, sore throat, and swollen lymph glands. There is uncontrolled white blood cell proliferation. Active EBV can be passed in saliva. The virus remains within a person's body for the rest of his/her life.
There is uncontrolled white blood cell proliferation *Mononucleosis is caused by the Epstein-Barr virus, which does not involve uncontrollable white blood cell proliferation. Section: 06.03
Why is He over Ne in the periodic table? (Refer to Figure 2.1)
They both have a full outermost orbital.
How are fats, phospholipids, and steroids alike?
They do not dissolve in water.
Which function of the skeletal system requires the leg bones to be extremely strong? They support the entire body. They protect soft body parts. They produce blood cells. They store minerals and fat. They permit flexible body movement.
They support the entire body. *The skeletal system supports the entire body. This requires the leg bones to be very strong in order to provide the support. (Section 12.01)
Which of the following statements is an objective observation?
This package is larger than that one.
What type of epithelial tissue is found in the urinary bladder and allows it to stretch?
Transitional epithelium
Only humans have a language that allows us to communicate information and experiences symbolically.
True
Technology is the application of scientific knowledge to the interests of humans.
True
To make all subjects think they are receiving the same treatment, patients in the control group can receive a placebo.
True
Blood plays an important role in homeostasis. True False
True *Blood is involved in regulation of many important functions, including body temperature, osmotic pressure, and acid-base balance. Section: 06.01
There is a hormone produced by the stomach that feeds back and acts on the stomach. True False
True *Gastrin produced from the lower stomach feeds back to stimulate the upper part of the stomach to produce digestive juice. Section: 09.04
Hemophilia is a genetic clotting disorder. True False
True *Hemophilia, which results in a deficiency in a clotting factor, is inherited and is therefore a genetic disorder. Section: 06.04
Generally, there are no symptoms of hypertension. True False
True *Hypertension is sometimes called a silent killer, because there are no symptoms present. Section: 05.07
At the arterial end of a capillary, blood pressure is more important than osmotic pressure to cause water to exit the capillary. True False
True *It is true that at the arterial end of a capillary, blood pressure is more important than osmotic pressure to cause water to exit the capillary. Section: 05.06
The cardiovascular system is composed of the heart and the blood vessels. True False
True *It is true that the cardiovascular system is composed of the heart and the blood vessels. Section: 05.01
Smooth muscles in the stomach are capable of mechanical digestion. True False
True *Mechanical digestion occurs in the mouth by chewing and by peristalsis of the smooth muscles in the stomach. Section: 09.01
Red blood cells are unable to undergo mitosis. True False
True *Red blood cells do not have a nucleus so they cannot undergo mitosis. Section: 06.02
The blood from the digestive tract travels through two different veins before reaching the inferior vena cava. True False
True *The blood from the digestive tract travels through the hepatic portal vein and the hepatic vein before reaching the inferior vena cava. Section: 05.05
The stomach is bounded on both ends by a sphincter. True False
True *The lower gastroesophageal sphincter and the pyloric sphincter are found at either end of the stomach. Section: 09.03
Excess tissue fluid becomes lymphatic fluid that eventually enters the blood stream. True False
True *The lymphatic system helps maintain blood volume by collecting excess tissue fluid and returning it to the blood. Section: 06.06
The secretions of digestive juices are controlled by the nervous system as well as by digestive hormones. True False
True *The parasympathetic nervous system stimulates gastric secretions along with digestive hormones. Section: 09.04
If mom has already developed anti-Rh antibodies during her first pregnancy, a RhoGAM shot will not help her second pregnancy. True False
True *The purpose of a RhoGAM shot is to prevent the formation of anti-Rh antibodies. If they are already formed, the shot will not help. Section: 06.05
The small intestine is longer than the large intestine. True False
True *The small intestine is about 18 feet in length while the large intestine is only about 4 1/2 feet in length. Section: 09.03
Tissue fluid contains lower amounts of protein than does plasma. True False
True *Tissue fluid tends to contain all components of plasma, except much lower amounts of proteins, which are too large to readily pass out of the capillary. Section: 05.06
The most abundant component of plasma is water. True False
True *Water makes up 91% of plasma. Section: 06.01
Hormones produced by the endocrine system regulate blood volume and blood cell formation. True False
True The endocrine system assists the cardiovascular system by producing hormones that regulate blood volume and blood cell formation. Section: 06.06
The systemic circuit contains more blood at any one time than does the pulmonary circuit. True False
True The systemic circuit is a much larger circuit and contains many more blood vessels. It contains more blood than does the pulmonary circuit. Section: 05.05
Which of the enzyme-substrate pairings is incorrect? Nuclease-DNA Lipase-fat Pepsin-protein Amylase-starch Trypsin-carbohydrates
Trypsin-carbohydrates *Trypsin is an enzyme secreted by the pancreas that digests proteins. Section: 09.03
Which of the following will not reduce dietary lipids? Remove skin from poultry. Broil rather than fry. Use butter instead of herbs and spices. Use lemon juice instead of salad dressing. Avoid packaged foods that contain hydrogenated fats.
Use butter instead of herbs and spices. *Using butter instead of herbs and spices is not recommended for reducing dietary lipids. Section: 09.06
William noticed blood mysteriously climbing up a capillary tube. This is an example of which property of water?
Water molecules are cohesive.
If a person is dehydrated, how will this affect nutrient exchange at the capillaries? It will have no effect. Water will not leave the arterial end of the capillary and enter the tissues. Oxygen will not leave the capillary and enter the tissues. Carbon dioxide will not leave the tissues and enter the capillary. Plasma proteins will be able to leave the capillary and enter the tissues.
Water will not leave the arterial end of the capillary and enter the tissues. *If a person is dehydrated, this will increase their osmotic pressure (more solutes dissolved in the liquid fraction of the blood). This would result in less water leaving the capillaries and entering the tissues. Section: 05.06
What is a stent? a cylinder of expandable metal mesh time spent in recovery after coronary bypass surgery a treatment for phlebitis an instrument that regulates the heartbeat a treatment to lower blood pressure
a cylinder of expandable metal mesh *A stent is a cylinder of expandable metal mesh that is positioned inside a coronary artery. Section: 05.07
Joining small molecules (monomers) together to form longer chains (polymers) requires a process called
a dehydration reaction.
The tentative explanation to be tested is called
a hypothesis.
What is located within the glomerular capsule? the renal cortex the loop of Henle several collecting ducts a knot of capillaries the peritubular capillary network
a knot of capillaries *The glomerulus, a knot of capillaries, is located inside the glomerular capsule. Section: 11.02
A combination of two or more atoms of the same type is called
a molecule.
When two amino acids combine via a dehydration reaction,
a peptide bond is formed.
When an ATP molecule is used to supply energy, which of the following occurs?
a phosphate bond is broken
What is a canaliculus? the large cavity inside a long bone a stress plate in spongy bone a fibrous connective covering of bone a small channel in the matrix of bone a type of bone forming cell
a small channel in the matrix of bone *Tiny canals called canaliculi (sing., canaliculus) run through the matrix of bone. (section 12.01)
The epithelial lining of the small intestine is modified for what function?
absorption
The stripes in skeletal muscle are due to the presence of
actin and myosin filaments.
Fish have scales that enable them to live in a water environment. This is an example of
adaptation
Which joint action allows for the body part to move towards the midline? adduction abduction flexion pronation eversion
adduction *Adduction is the movement of a body part to the midline of the body. Abduction is the movement of the body part away from the midline. Flexion is the increase in the joint angle. Pronation is when the hand faces downward. Eversion is when the sole of the foot turns outward. (section 12.04)
What is one of the earliest signs of nephron damage? burning upon urination extreme pain albumin or formed elements in the urine the absence of urination edema
albumin or formed elements in the urine *One of the first signs of nephron damage is albumin, white blood cells, and/or red blood cells in the urine. Section: 11.05
What are the most abundant plasma proteins that also establish the osmotic pressure of the plasma? fibrinogens gamma globulins astrocytes albumins hemoglobin
albumins . *Albumins are the most abundant plasma proteins and contribute by establishing the osmotic pressure of the plasma. Section: 06.01
Which substances regulate the reabsorption of sodium and water in the distal convoluted tubule? creatinine and renin renin and aquaporin aquaporin and aldosterone aldosterone and renin creatinine and aldosterone
aldosterone and renin *Aldosterone promotes ion exchange at the distal convoluted tubule and renin leads to secretion of aldosterone. Section: 11.04
The monomer unit of a protein is
amino acids.
Which of the following is not present in a nucleotide?
an R group
The smallest unit of an element that still retains the chemical and physical properties of that element is called
an atom.
The region in which populations interact with each other and with the physical environment is called
an ecosystem.
If a person does not have enough iron in their diet, they may suffer from acidosis. blood doping. hemolysis. anemia. jaundice.
anemia *Anemia can be caused by an iron deficiency. Section: 06.02
What is the bursting of a blood vessel called? embolus aneurysm thrombus myocardial infarction stroke
aneurysm *An aneurysm is another name for a ballooning or bulging of a blood vessel. Section: 05.07
When Jennifer had to receive a gamma globulin shot after being exposed to hepatitis, the gamma globulins were serving what function? blood clotting agents transport molecules for cholesterol and iron antibodies osmoregulatory molecules transport molecules for glucose
antibodies *Gamma globulins serve as antibodies and will protect someone exposed to hepatitis. Section: 06.01
B lymphocytes are associated with antibody production. megakaryocyte breakdown. macrophage production. antigen production. allergic reactions.
antibody production. *B lymphocytes are associated with antibody production. Section: 06.03
Where in the body is blood pressure the highest? superior vena cava aorta inferior vena cava lung capillaries renal capillaries
aorta *Blood pressure is highest in the aorta. Section: 05.04
What is the largest artery in the systemic circuit? femoral carotid pulmonary hepatic aorta
aorta *The aorta is the largest artery in the systemic circuit. Section: 05.05
Which of the following is the largest artery of the systemic circuit? aorta vena cava femoral artery carotid artery pulmonary artery
aorta *The aorta is the largest artery of the systemic circuit. The vena cava is a vein of the systemic circuit. The femoral artery and carotid artery are not as large as the aorta. The pulmonary artery is part of the pulmonary circuit. Section: 05.05
The right ventricle is to the pulmonary trunk as the left ventricle is to the ___________. aorta superior vena cava left pulmonary vein inferior vena cava left common carotid artery
aorta *The right ventricle pumps blood out through the pulmonary trunk. The left ventricle pumps blood out through the aorta. Section: 05.03
Mature human red blood cells have a nucleus. are biconcave discs without a nucleus. are rare in the bloodstream. carry plasma. fight pathogens.
are biconcave discs without a nucleus. *Mature human red blood cells are biconcave discs without a nucleus. Section: 06.02
Both red blood cells and white blood cells are derived from the same original stem cell. have a nucleus. have hemoglobin. have mitochondria and other organelles. can carry carbon dioxide in the blood.
are derived from the same original stem cell. *All of the formed elements in the blood originally came from the same type stem cell. Section: 06.03
Hydrogen bonds
are relatively weak and can be broken rather easily.
What drug may protect against having a first heart attack? acetominophen aspirin ACE t-PA beta-blockers
aspirin *There is evidence that aspirin protects against first heart attacks. Section: 05.07
The American Heart Association recommends a diet low in saturated fat and cholesterol to prevent which disease? hypotension aneurysm hypertension atherosclerosis infarction
atherosclerosis *The AHA recommends such a diet to prevent the onset and development of atherosclerosis. Section: 05.07
What is the name of the first cervical vertebra? Why? atlas, Greek mythology atlas, it allows "yes" motion of the head axis, Roman mythology axis, it allows the "no" motion of the head sphinoid, Egyptian sphinx mythology
atlas, Greek mythology *The first cervical vertebra, called the atlas, holds up the head. Atlas, of Greek mythology, held up the world. (section 12.02)
What are the upper chambers of the heart called? atria auricles AV valves ventricles septa
atria *The atria are the upper collecting chambers of the heart. Section: 05.03
The dentist explained that dental caries are caused by bacteria within the mouth metabolizing fatty acids. yeast within the mouth metabolizing fatty acids. bacteria within the mouth metabolizing proteins. bacteria within the mouth metabolizing sugar. enzymes within the mouth metabolizing sugars.
bacteria within the mouth metabolizing sugar. *Dental caries or cavities occur when bacteria within the mouth metabolize sugar. Section: 09.02
In epithelial tissues, what serves to anchor the epithelial tissue to underlying connective tissue?
basement membrane
What serves as an emulsifying agent for fats in the small intestine? lipase bile amylase pepsin maltase
bile *In the small intestines, bile serves as an emulsifying agent for fats. Lipase hydrolyzes fats. Amylase digests starch in the mouth. Pepsin digests proteins. Maltase digests carbohydrates. Section: 09.03
Which of the following is not produced by the pancreas? bile sodium bicarbonate amylase trypsin lipase
bile *The pancreas secretes all of these but bile. Section: 09.04
Which of the following organs of the urinary system is the storage area for urine? bladder kidney ureter renal pelvis urethra
bladder *The bladder will store urine until the urination reflex stimulates an individual to urinate. The kidneys produce the urine. The ureter transfers urine from the kidneys to the bladder. The renal pelvis acts as a funnel, transferring urine to the ureter. The urethra is the tube that releases urine to the outside of the body. Section: 11.01
Sweating is a physiological process that seeks to maintain
body temperature.
A ligament connects cartilage to bone. muscle to bone. bone to bone. a cartilaginous joint. muscle to muscle.
bone to bone. *Ligaments connect bone to bone. Tendons connect muscle to bone. Cartilaginous joints are connected by hyaline or fibrocartilage. Muscles are connected to other muscles by aponeurosis. (section 12.04)
Which part of a synovial joint is a fluid-filled sac? symphysis suture synovial membrane menisci bursa
bursa *The bursae are fluid-filled sacs that ease friction in a joint. (section 12.04)
Which of the following is necessary for strong bones and teeth, nerve conduction, muscle contraction, and blood clotting? calcium iron magnesium sodium sulfur
calcium *Calcium is important for all of these. Section: 09.06
Chad was concerned about eating foods with a high glycemic index because these foods can cause LDL levels to increase. can cause HDL levels to decrease. can cause fatty acids to build up. can cause a rapid increase in blood glucose. can cause a sudden drop in blood glucose levels.
can cause a rapid increase in blood glucose. *Eating foods with a high glycemic index can cause a rapid increase in blood glucose. Section: 09.06
Which of the following blood vessels are small, thin, and porous enough to exchange substances at the tissue level of organization? arterioles capillaries venules small arteries veins
capillaries *Capillaries are narrow, microscopic tubes that are porous enough to allow for the exchange of substances at the tissue level of organization. Section: 05.02
Hemoglobin that carries carbon dioxide is called oxyhemoglobin. betahemoglobin. carbaminohemoglobin. alphahemoglobin. deoxyhemoglobin.
carbaminohemoglobin Hemoglobin that carries carbon dioxide is called carbaminohemoglobin. Section: 06.02
Today, physicians and dentists are concerned that gum disease is linked to ___________. neurological disorders peritonitis vitamin deficiencies cardiovascular disease asthma
cardiovascular disease *Today, physicians and dentists are concerned that gum disease is linked to cardiovascular disease. Section: 09.02
Alison was looking at a tissue under the microscope. It had cells within lacuna and the matrix was glassy looking. What type of tissue is she looking at?
cartilage
Which type of joints tend to be slightly movable? fibrous cartilaginous synovial sutures none of these are slightly moveable
cartilaginous *Cartilaginous joints tend to be slightly movable. (section 12.04)
The three major components of connective tissue are
cells, ground substance, and protein fibers.
Gynecologists perform yearly pap smears for women. This procedure is important in early diagnosis and prevention of what type of cancer?
cervical cancer
What are the string-like structures in the heart that anchor the valves? cingulated pectorale chordae tendinae corpus albicans corpus callosum choroid plexus
chordae tendinae *The chordae tendinae are strong fibrous strings that serve to anchor the valves of the heart. Section: 05.03
The thick, soupy liquid of partially digested food that leaves the stomach is called bolus. pepsin. chyme. lacteal. lipase.
chyme *The thick, soupy liquid of partially digested food that leaves the stomach is called chyme. Section: 09.03
Which of the following is not part of the axial skeleton? clavicle hyoid temporal rib vertebrae
clavicle *The clavicle is part of the appendicular skeleton. (section 12.02)
Which bone is part of the pectoral girdle? clavicle radius ulna carpals manubrium
clavicle *The clavicle is part of the pectoral girdle. The radius, ulna, and carpals are part of the forearm and bones of the hand. The manubrium is part of the sternum. (section 12.03)
Agglutination refers to the production of antibodies. destruction of red blood cells. development of platelets. production of lymphocytes. clumping of red blood cells.
clumping of red blood cells. *Agglutination refers to the clumping of red blood cells. Section: 06.05
The name of the "tailbone" is the lumbar. sacrum. coccyx. sphinoid. axis.
coccyx *The tailbone is three to five fused vertebrae called the coccyx. (section 12.02)
What protein provides flexibility and strength to connective tissues?
collagen
What is the role of the lymphatic system associated with the cardiovascular system? collecting excess tissue fluids and returning it to the cardiovascular system collecting excess tissue fluids and returning it to the urinary system producing excess tissue fluids and returning it to the cardiovascular system producing excess tissue fluids and returning it to the urinary system prevention of infection
collecting excess tissue fluids and returning it to the cardiovascular system *The key role of the lymphatic system as it is associated with the cardiovascular system is to collect excess tissue fluid and return it to the cardiovascular system. Section: 05.01
The production of leukocytes is regulated by rennin. erythropoietin. colony-stimulating factor. folic acid. prolactin.
colony-stimulating factor *The production of leukocytes is regulated by colony-stimulating factor. Section: 06.03
Which blood vessel will supply oxygenated blood directly to the femoral artery? common iliac artery femoral vein aorta common iliac vein inferior vena cava
common iliac artery The common iliac artery will directly supply oxygenated blood to the femoral vein. This blood then goes to the lower leg capillaries which then go to the lower leg veins which then go to the femoral vein which then go to the common iliac vein which then empties into the inferior vena cava. The aorta supplies oxygenated blood to the common iliac artery. Section: 05.05
Ca3(PO4)2 represents a/an
compound
Atoms that share electrons have what type of bonds?
covalent
Which bone is part of the pelvic girdle? coxal bones clavicle femur scapula talus
coxal bones *The coxal bones are part of the pelvic girdle. The clavicle and scapula are part of the pectoral girdle. The femur is the bone in the thigh. The talus is a bone in the ankle. (section 12.03)
Traditions, beliefs, and values are considered what aspect of human life?
cultural
What is an infection of the urinary bladder called? cystitis urethritis pyelonephritis hemodialysis uremia
cystitis *Cystitis is an infection of the urinary bladder. Section: 11.05
The information collected during the experiment or observation is called
data
Blood pressure ______ with distance from the left ventricle while the total cross-sectional area of the blood vessels __________. decreases, increases increases, decreases stays the same, decreases stays the same, increases decreases, stays the same
decreases, increases *Blood pressure decreases with distance from the left ventricle because the total cross-sectional area of the blood vessels increases. Section: 05.04
When you put your hand on a hot stove, ____ receive signals from the sensory receptors or other neurons and ______ conduct nerve impulses.
dendrites, axons
Which of the following is not found in/on the tongue? muscle dentin taste buds mucous membrane sensory receptors
dentin *Dentin is found in teeth, not the tongue. Section: 09.02
Stretch marks are the result of tears in the integumentary layer that contains fibrous connective tissue, elastin, and collagen. What is this region of the integument called?
dermis
Cytotoxic T cells have the ability to produce antibodies. destroy pathogens. increase erythrocyte production. stimulate thrombin. produce platelets.
destroy pathogens. *Cytotoxic T cells have the ability to physically destroy pathogens. Section: 06.03
All of the changes that occur from the time an egg is fertilized through childhood, adolescence and adulthood are called
development
Which of the following is not a symptom of a heart attack? feeling of pressure in the chest dizziness nausea and vomiting diarrhea shortness of breath
diarrhea All are symptoms of a heart attack except for diarrhea. Section: 05.07
The main symptoms of lactose intolerance are internal bleeding and headaches. dehydration and itching. diarrhea and itching. diarrhea and bloating. shortness of breath and bloating.
diarrhea and bloating. *Lactose intolerance may cause diarrhea and bloating. Section: 09.03
A controlled study when neither the patient nor the examiner is aware of whether the patient is receiving a treatment, is called a/an
double-blind study.
Which of the following is not associated with the stomach? alcohol absorption gastric glands rugae duodenum pepsin
duodenum *The duodenum is part of the small intestine, not the stomach. Section: 09.03
The epiglottis is a structure that needs to be strong but extremely flexible. What type of tissue makes up the epiglottis? elastic cartilage fibrocartilage hyaline cartilage bone muscle
elastic cartilage *The epiglottis is made of elastic cartilage. (section 12.01)
It is thought that President Abraham Lincoln suffered from a genetic disorder known as Marfan syndrome. Which type of fiber is affected in this disorder?
elastic fibers
Which arterial structure enables it to resist the blood pressure? elastic tissue in the arterial wall valves within artery skeletal muscle within the arterial walls precapillary sphincters a wall composed only of endothelium
elastic tissue in the arterial wall *The elastic tissue in the arterial wall enables it to resist the blood pressure. Arteries do not contain valves, they are in the veins. The arteries do not contain skeletal muscle, instead they have smooth muscle. Precapillary sphincters control the blood flow through a capillary bed. Capillaries are the blood vessels that have a wall composed only of endothelium. Section: 05.02
The head of the radius is located at the elbow. wrist. shoulder. sternum. knee.
elbow *The head of the radius is located at the elbow. (section 12.03)
What does an ECG record? brain activity blood volume heart sounds hormonal changes electrical changes
electrical changes *An electrocardiogram (ECG) is a recording of the electrical changes that occur in myocardium during a cardiac cycle. Section: 05.03
The innermost layer of an artery is known as what? mesothelium endothelium exothelium hyperthelium hypothelium
endothelium *The innermost layer of an artery is known as the endothelium. Section: 05.02
In someone with terrible allergies, what leukocyte levels would be elevated? neutrophil, eosinophil monocyte, megakaryocyte eosinophil, basophil lymphocyte, monocyte megakaryocyte, basophil
eosinophil, basophil *Eosinophils and basophils are elevated in those with allergies. Section: 06.03
Which layer of the skin is responsible for tanning?
epidermis
Which of the following cells would have a greater probability of developing into cancer?
epithelial cells
Which type of tissue covers body surfaces and lines body cavities?
epithelial tissue
RBCs are better known as ________ and WBCs are better known as ___________. lymphocytes, monocytes erythrocytes, eosinophils leukocytes, erythrocytes erythrocytes, leukocytes macrophages, neutrophils
erythrocytes, leukocytes *RBCs are better known as erythrocytes and WBCs are better known as leukocytes. Section: 06.01
Which of the following is not a metabolic waste product? urea erythropoietin ammonia creatinine uric acid
erythropoietin *Erythropoietin is a hormone secreted by the kidneys. Section: 11.01
What hormone produced in the kidneys stimulates production of red blood cells? carbonic anhydrase prolactin erythropoietin adrenalin lipase
erythropoietin *The hormone erythropoietin produced in the kidneys stimulates production of red blood cells. Section: 06.02
Scientists who have a financial stake in a company are now required to state that when they do research. This is an example of
ethics in science.
Four million years ago, horses were rather small compared to today's horses and had relatively stocky bodies with a straight shoulder and thick neck. This statement is an example of which biological concept?
evolution
The development of resistance of MRSA bacteria to antibiotics is an example of
evolution
The process of change that produces the diversity of life on Earth is called
evolution
What is the unifying principle of the biological sciences?
evolution
In an experiment designed to test the effect of temperature on goldfish respiration, the temperatures that were changed represent what type of variable?
experimental
12. Since all organisms carry on cellular respiration, all living cells must contain mitochondria
false
29. Biologists classify cells into two broad categories--animals and plants.
false
31. Because bacteria are prokaryotes, they do not have DNA.
false
4. Fermentation produces more ATP than does aerobic respiration.
false
8. Only glucose can be used as an energy source in the human body.
false
A hydrolysis reaction involves the loss of water.
false
A solution with a pH of 7 has 10 times as many H+ as a pH of 6.
false
ATP is called the energy currency of the body because it is a type of electricity.
false
All amino acids are alike in that their R groups are polar.
false
Cilia are composed of microtubules while flagella are composed of actin filaments.
false
Fats and oils function well as energy-storage molecules because they contain carbon.
false
If the control group in an experiment shows the same results as the test group, the treatment was successful.
false
In the sodium potassium pump, sodium and potassium are both pumped out of the cell via active transport.
false
Lymph contains no cells.
false
Only the nervous and endocrine systems are involved in homeostasis.
false
The cardiovascular system consists of the heart and the blood.
false
The cells in bone tissue are found scattered throughout the matrix and are not connected to each other.
false
The function of RNA in the body is to store the genetic information in the nucleus.
false
The main function of carbohydrates is for long-term energy storage.
false
There is no matrix in blood because it is a liquid.
false
A meniscus is made up of synovial fluid found within a joint. True False
false *A meniscus is a C-shaped piece of hyaline cartilage. (section 12.04)
A simple break of the tibia is when the bone is broken clear through. True False
false *A simple break means that the bone does not pierce the skin. A complete fracture occurs when the bone is broken clear through. (section 12.05)
A synovial joint allows for flexion and extension, adduction and abduction, and inversion and eversion, but not rotation and circumduction. True False
false *A synovial joint allows for all of these types of movement. (section 12.04)
Exercise stimulates the activity of osteoclasts instead of osteoblasts. True False
false *Exercise stimulates the activity of osteoblasts (bone forming) instead of osteoclasts (bone absorbing). (section 12.05)
Only certain bones in the fetus produce blood cells, but all the bones in the adult produce blood cells. True False
false *Only certain bones in the adult produce blood cells, but all the bones in the fetus produce blood cells. (section 12.01)
It is not possible to tell whether skeletal remains are male or female. True False
false *The male and female pelvis differ from each other and can be used to identify the sex of skeletal remains. (section 12.03)
All 12 pairs of ribs connect directly to the thoracic vertebrae in the back and the sternum in the front. True False
false *While all 12 pairs of ribs connect directly to the thoracic vertebrae in the back, only 7 pairs connect to the sternum in the front. (section 12.02)
Which of the following is not considered a basic tissue type?
fat
Which blood vessel will have the greatest amount of oxygen? femoral artery pulmonary artery vena cava jugular all of these are equal
femoral artery *The femoral artery is the only blood vessel listed that carries oxygenated blood. The pulmonary artery carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs. The vena cava carries deoxygenated blood to the heart and the jugular carries deoxygenated blood from the brain to the vena cava. Section: 05.05
Which bone is the longest and strongest bone in the body? humerus pelvis tibia fibula femur
femur *The femur is the longest and strongest bone in the body. (section 12.03)
The final reaction in blood clotting is fibrinogen → fibrin. platelets → prothrombin activator. prothrombin → thrombin. plasmin → fibrin. fibrin → thrombin.
fibrinogen → fibrin. *The final reaction in blood clotting is fibrinogen → fibrin. Section: 06.04
If there is a problem with clotting, what plasma protein may be involved? fibrinogens gamma globulins alpha globulins albumins beta globulins
fibrinogens *Fibrinogens are plasma proteins that when activated aid in the proper clotting of blood. Section: 06.01
What are the intervertebral disks made of? bone skeletal muscle hyaline cartilage fibrocartilage elastic cartilage
fibrocartilage *Between the vertebrae are intervertebral disks composed of fibrocartilage that acts as padding. (section 12.02)
Which of the following is not associated with a synovial joint? bursae menisci ligaments fibrocartilage fibrous capsule
fibrocartilage *Fibrocartilage is another type of joint. It is not found in a synovial joint. (section 12.04)
Todd's father slipped a disk in his back. Dr. Foster explained to the family that the intervertebral disks are composed of
fibrocartilage.
When you kick your foot out in front of you, what type of movement are you using? adduction and abduction flexion and extension rotation eversion inversion
flexion and extension *Kicking your foot out in front of you involves flexion and extension. (section 12.04)
When you nod your head "yes", what type of movement are you using? flexion and extension adduction and abduction rotation circumduction inversion
flexion and extension *Nodding "yes" is flexion and extension. (section 12.04)
How are the bones of the cranium named? for their articulations with the vertebral column for whether they are formed from cartilage or not for their shape for their size for the lobes of the brain they protect
for the lobes of the brain they protect *The bones of the cranium (frontal, parietal, occipital, and temporal) have the same names as the lobes of the brain. (section 12.02)
What is the major function of the colon? digestion/absorption form feces churning foodstuffs passageway only eliminate iron
form feces *The major function of the colon is to form feces. Section: 09.05
The two components of blood are
formed elements and plasma.
The two major components of blood are red blood cells and white blood cells. plasma and serum. plasma and red blood cells. formed elements and plasma. platelets and plasma.
formed elements and plasma. Formed elements and plasma are the two major components of the blood. Section: 06.01
The Domain Eukarya contain(s) ______ kingdom(s).
four
What type of cell junctions are found in cardiac muscle tissue? atria and auricles septae and chordae intercalated disks myocardium and pericardium gap junctions and desmosomes
gap junctions and desmosomes *Gap junctions and desmosomes are types of cell junctions found in intercalated disks of the myocardium. Section: 05.03
Which of the following is not associated with the small intestine? many villi gastric pits brush border enzymes lacteals bile and lipase
gastric pits *Gastric pits are located in the stomach. Section: 09.03
Mr. Staub was rushed to the hospital because he had intense pain in his chest. After running tests on Mr. Staub it was determined that it was not suffering from a heart attack but from diverticulitis. gastroesophageal reflux disease. gingivitis. peridontitis. inflammatory bowel syndrome.
gastroesophageal reflux disease. *GERD (gastroesophageal reflux disease) can also cause intense chest pain. Section: 09.02
The humerus fits into what at the shoulder? acetabulum clavicle acromion process glenoid cavity olecranon process
glenoid cavity *The humerus articulates with the glenoid cavity of the scapula. (section 12.03)
Why do water and small molecules move from the glomerulus into the filtrate? diffusion down the concentration gradient glomerular blood pressure active transport secretion diffusion against the concentration gradient
glomerular blood pressure *Due to glomerular blood pressure, water and small molecules move from the glomerulus to the inside of the glomerular capsule as part of the filtrate. Section: 11.02
Which part of the nephron contains podocytes? distal convoluted tubule proximal convoluted tubule ascending limb of loop descending limb of loop glomerular capsule
glomerular capsule *The podocytes cling to the capillary walls of the glomerulus within the glomerular capsule. Section: 11.02
What are the two ways substances are removed from the blood and added to the forming urine? glomerular filtration and tubular secretion glomerular filtration and tubular reabsorption tubular secretion and tubular reabsorption glomerular secretion and tubular reabsorption glomerular secretion and tubular secretion
glomerular filtration and tubular secretion *Substances are removed from the blood during glomerular filtration and tubular secretion. Section: 11.03
Which polysaccharide is branched the most?
glycogen
What prevents food from entering the nasal cavities? tonsils mandible and maxilla hard and soft palate cheeks salivary glands
hard and soft palate *The roof of the mouth, composed of the hard and soft palates, separate the oral cavity from the nasal cavities. Section: 09.02
What are the two components of the cardiovascular system? heart and blood vessels arteries and heart veins and heart arteries and veins capillaries and veins
heart and blood vessels *The cardiovascular system consists of the heart and the blood vessels. Section: 05.01
If your skin and the whites of your eyes appear yellow, what is not being excreted? heme globin chains carbonic acid carbon dioxide biocarbonate ion
heme *This is referred to as jaundice, caused by the failure of the liver to excrete heme. Section: 06.02
What part of the hemoglobin molecule actually binds the oxygen molecule? What part binds carbon dioxide? globin chain, globin chain heme, heme globin chain, heme heme, globin chain cell membrane, cell wall
heme, globin chain *The heme contains the iron that accepts oxygen. Carbon dioxide binds to the globin chain. Section: 06.02
What makes the blood red? albumin hemoglobin fibrinogen globulins platelets
hemoglobin *Hemoglobin is a pigment that makes red blood cells and blood red. Section: 06.02
What system drains blood from the capillary beds of the digestive tract to a capillary bed in the liver? cephalic hepatic portal coronary celiac lymphatic
hepatic portal *The hepatic portal system drains blood from the capillary beds of the digestive tract to a capillary bed in the liver. Section: 05.05
The body's ability to maintain a relative constancy of its internal environment is called
homeostasis.
Humans clear forests to grow crops, and they build houses and cities. What are these an example of?
how humans modify the biosphere
The standard error tells
how uncertain a particular value is.
What type of cartilage is found at the ends of the long bones? elastic cartilage fibrocartilage hyaline cartilage spongy compact
hyaline cartilage *Hyaline cartilage is found at the ends of long bones, the nose, at the ends of the ribs, and in the larynx and trachea. Elastic cartilage is found in the ear flaps and epiglottis. Fibrocartilage is found in the knee joint and intervertebral discs. Spongy and compact are bone types. (section 12.01)
Which bone in the body does not articulate with any other bone? scapula maxilla hyoid coccyx temporal
hyoid *The hyoid bone is the only bone that does not articulate with another bone. (section 12.02)
The inner medulla of the kidney is ____________ to the loop of Henle and therefore water leaves the loop at the descending limb and collecting duct. isotonic hypertonic hypotonic balanced none of these.
hypertonic *The inner medulla is hypertonic and thus draws water out of the loop. Section: 11.04
Which of the following is not a region of the kidney? hypothalamus cortex medulla pelvis collecting ducts
hypothalamus *The hypothalamus is a region of the brain. Section: 11.02
Carla is having problems with infections. Which body system is failing?
immune system
Lisa receives a dose of epinephrine. What does this do to her heart rate? increases it decreases it stops it does not alter it makes it skip every other beat
increases it Epinephrine stimulates the heart to beat faster. Section: 05.03
While observing cardiac muscle under the microscope for the first time, Jennifer noticed lines running perpendicular to the direction of the muscle. These lines are called
intercalated discs.
When Phillip was little, he walked on the outside edge of his feet. This is what type of movement? rotation eversion inversion circumduction adduction and abduction
inversion *Walking on the outside of your foot so that the sole of the foot turns inward is called inversion. (section 12.04)
A deficiency in which mineral leads to thyroid deficiency? iodine copper zinc selenium manganese
iodine *Iodine is required for thyroid hormone synthesis and too little results in a thyroid deficiency. Section: 09.06
CaCl2 is a salt that forms as the result of what type of bond?
ionic
One of the difficulties with publication of research in scientific journals is that it
is technical and may be difficult for a layperson to read.
What effect does ANH have on renin? it inhibits its secretion it inhibits its production it promotes its secretion it promotes its production it produces additional hormones that accelerate the production of renin
it inhibits its secretion *ANH inhibits the secretion of renin by the juxtaglomerular apparatus. Section: 11.04
Coagulation contributes to homeostasis by keeping the blood within the vessels. regulating body temperature. destroying pathogens. removing debris from the blood. maintaining the pH of the blood.
keeping the blood within the vessels. *Coagulation keeps the blood within the vessels so that we do not bleed to death. Section: 06.04
How does the muscular system benefit the blood? protects the vessels keeps blood moving through the heart and vessels regulates the acid-base balance of the blood maintains blood volume produces the blood cells
keeps blood moving through the heart and vessels *Muscle contraction keeps blood moving through the heart and in the blood vessels, particularly the veins. Section: 06.06
Which of the following is responsible for the waterproofing of skin?
keratin
The small lymphatic capillaries that reside in the small intestines and absorb fats are known as mesenteries. lacteals. gastric glands. duodenal pits. microvilli.
lacteals. *The small lymphatic capillaries that reside in the small intestines and absorb fats are known as lacteals. Section: 09.03
If the left semilunar valve was blocked, where would blood accumulate? lungs right atrium left atrium right ventricle left ventricle
left ventricle *The left ventricle contracts, sending blood through the semilunar valve into the aorta. If the valve was blocked, the blood would back up in the left ventricle. Section: 05.03
Which term refers to uncontrolled growth of white blood cells? leukemia infectious mononucleosis thrombocytopenia hemophilia thromboembolism
leukemia *Leukemia is the uncontrolled growth of white blood cells. Infectious mononucleosis is when the lymphocytes are mononuclear. Thrombocytopenia is an insufficient number of platelets. Hemophilia is an inherited clotting disorder. A thromboembolism is when a blood clot prevents blood from reaching certain tissues. Section: 06.03
As a result of an infection, which component of blood would increase?
leukocytes
Daniel has a very large deltoid tuberosity. This is probably because Daniel is a pianist. spends a lot of time playing video games. lifts heavy weights with his arms. plays basketball. is a runner.
lifts heavy weights with his arms. *The deltoid tuberosity on the humerus is where the deltoid muscle attaches. It increases in size with heavy lifting. (section 12.03)
A serious genetic disorder known as hemochromatosis is often called the rusty organ disease and affects nearly 1.5 million Americans. The disorder causes increased absorption of intestinal iron. Which organ is responsible for iron homeostasis? brain lungs liver gallbladder spleen
liver *Since the liver removes iron from the blood, it is affected by hemochromatosis. Section: 09.04
When Sheree opened the abdominal cavity of her preserved frog, it seemed to be filled with a dark brown organ. This is the liver. pancreas. gallbladder. stomach. large intestine.
liver *The largest gland in the body is the liver. It lies in the abdominal cavity. Section: 09.04
Which part of the body is often diseased in alcoholics due to exposure to alcohol? liver stomach kidneys esophagus large intestine
liver *The liver is often diseased because the liver removes toxins and chemicals from the blood. Excessive amounts of alcohol removed by the liver often damages the liver tissue. Section: 05.01
Which accessory organ of the digestive system will process and store nutrients as well as producing bile for emulsification? liver gallbladder pancreas stomach small intestine
liver *The liver will process and store nutrients as well as producing bile for emulsification. The gallbladder stores the bile and sends it to the small intestine. The pancreas produces pancreatic juices and insulin. The stomach will secrete acid and digestive enzymes as well as absorb nutrients. The small intestine will mix chyme with digestive enzymes, absorb nutrients, and secrete digestive enzymes into the blood. Section: 09.01
What are the two forms of fibrous connective tissue?
loose fibrous and dense fibrous
The excess fluid from the cardiovascular system that enters the lymphatic system is called _______. lymph plasma blood tissue fluid urine
lymph *Lymph is the excess fluid from the cardiovascular system that enters the lymphatic system. Section: 05.01
Which body system will return excess tissue fluid to the cardiovascular system? lymphatic urinary neural digestive muscular
lymphatic *The lymphatic system returns excess tissue fluid to the cardiovascular system. Section: 05.01
Which of the following are agranular leukocytes? neutrophils and basophils lymphocytes and monocytes eosinophils and monocytes monocytes and neutrophils neutrophils and lymphocytes
lymphocytes and monocytes *Lymphocytes and monocytes are agranular leukocytes. Section: 06.03
Monocytes are large blood cells that differentiate into megakaryocytes. neutrophils. globulins. macrophages. fibrinogens.
macrophages *Monocytes are large blood cells that differentiate into macrophages. Section: 06.03
Which of the following is not a function of the urinary system? excretion of metabolic wastes maintenance of water-salt balance maintenance of acid-base balance maintenance of hemoglobin levels secretion of hormones
maintenance of hemoglobin levels *The urinary system does not regulate hemoglobin levels in the blood. Section: 11.01
Which of the following is not a monosaccharide?
maltose
Which part of the brain contains the cardiac control center? cerebrum medulla oblongata cerebellum pons frontal lobe
medulla oblongata *The medulla oblongata contains the cardiac control center. Section: 05.03
Which organisms are most closely related to humans?
meerkats
Sugars with three to seven carbon atoms are called
monosaccharides
What is the correct order of components of the digestive tract? mouth, esophagus, pharynx, small intestine, stomach, large intestine, rectum, and anus mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, large intestine, small intestine, rectum, and anus mouth, pharynx, stomach, esophagus, small intestine, rectum, large intestine, and anus mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, and anus mouth, rectum, large intestine, small intestine, stomach, esophagus, pharynx, and anus
mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, and anus *The digestive system begins at the mouth and includes the pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, and anus. Section: 09.01
The layers of the gastrointestinal tract wall from the inside layer outward in order are submucosa, muscularis, mucosa, serosa. serosa, submucosa, muscularis, mucosa. mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, serosa. muscularis, serosa, mucosa, submucosa. mucosa, muscularis, serosa, submucosa.
mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, serosa. *The layers of the gastrointestinal tract wall from the inside in order are the mucosa, the submucosa, the muscularis, and the serosa. Section: 09.01
What are the walls of a ureter composed of? skeletal muscle and mucous membrane mucous membrane and fibrous connective tissue mucous membrane, smooth muscle, and fibrous connective tissue skeletal muscle, fibrous connective tissue, and cartilage fibrous connective tissue, cartilage, and mucous membrane
mucous membrane, smooth muscle, and fibrous connective tissue *The three layers of the wall of a ureter are a mucous membrane, a smooth muscle layer, and a fibrous connective tissue. Section: 11.01
A person with O negative blood has what antigens on their red blood cells? A only B only A and Rh B and Rh neither A, B, nor Rh
neither A, B, nor Rh *A person with O negative blood has neither A, B, nor Rh antigens on their red blood cells. Section: 06.05
Which of the following is mismatched to its location in the skin?
nerves/blood vessels--epidermis
Jacob looked up and saw the car. This information was relayed to him via what type of tissue?
nervous
The specialized cells in the nervous system that serve to conduct a signal are known as
neurons
Isotopes of an element differ due to the number of
neutrons
Jessica is interested in a new vitamin pill her friend recommended. Her friend told her that it really helped her. Should Jessica accept this type of evidence?
no
What do type O negative and type AB positive blood have in common? A and B antigens, no antibodies A antigens, anti-B antibodies B antigens, no antibodies no antibodies nothing
nothing *Type O negative blood has no antigens and anti-A, anti-B, and anti-Rh antibodies. Type AB positive blood has A, B, and Rh antigens, and no antibodies. They have nothing in common. Section: 06.05
In an atom, the number of protons always equals the number
of electrons.
When you hit your "funny bone", what are you hitting? olecranon process deltoid tuberosity acromion process head of ulna glenoid cavity
olecranon process *Your "funny bone" is the olecranon process of the ulna. (section 12.03)
Which two types of cells make myelin?
oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells
Approximately how many oxygen molecules can a single RBC carry? less than 10 one hundred one thousand one million one billion
one billion *Each hemoglobin molecule can transport 4 molecules of oxygen and each red blood cell contains about 280 million hemoglobin molecules. Section: 06.02
What term is used to describe bone cells? osteocytes chondrocytes trabeculae periosteum epiphysis
osteocytes *Osteocytes refer to bone cells. Chondrocytes refers to cartilage cells. Trabeculae refers to the thin plates found in the spongy bone. Periosteum refers to the fibrous connective tissue that covers a bone. Epiphysis refers to the expanded end of a long bone. (section 12.01)
Bone cells are called _________________ while cartilage cells are called ________________. osteocytes, osteoblasts lacunae, osteocytes chondrocytes, lacunae osteoblasts, chondrocytes osteocytes, chondrocytes
osteocytes, chondrocytes *Cells in bone are called osteocytes while cells in cartilage are called chondrocytes. (section 12.01)
Which of the following does not assist the kidneys in excretion of nitrogenous wastes? liver sweat glands muscles blood pancreas
pancreas *The liver produces urea and muscles make creatinine. The blood carries these to the kidneys where they are eliminated. Sometimes, urea can be excreted by the sweat glands in perspiration. Section: 11.04
Which of the following is not part of the coxal bone? patella ilium ischium pubis acetabulum
patella *The patella is the knee cap. (section 12.03)
During open heart surgery, the first heart structure that would be cut into is the _____________. myocardium left ventricle pericardium right ventricle left atrium
pericardium *The heart is surrounded by a thick, membranous sac called the pericardium that would have to be cut through to reach the heart. Section: 05.03
What is the name of the thick, membranous sac that surrounds and protects the heart? mesothelium endothelium pericardium myocardium epicardium
pericardium *The pericardium is a thick, membranous sac that surrounds and protects the heart. Section: 05.03
From the outside of a long bone inside, what is the first tissue encountered? compact bone spongy bone periosteum medullary cavity bone marrow
periosteum *The periosteum is a layer of fibrous connective tissue that completely covers a long bone except for the articular cartilage at the bone's ends. (section 12.01)
The process that pushes food through the esophagus is called peritoneum. periosteum. peristalsis. perineum. peridontal.
peristalsis *The rhythmic contractions of the digestive tract that allow movement of foodstuff is called peristalsis. Section: 09.02
If your appendix bursts it may lead to a life threatening condition called peritonitis. diverticulitis. rickets. osteoporosis. cirrhosis.
peritonitis. *A burst appendix may lead to a life threatening condition called peritonitis. Section: 09.05
ATP carries energy in the form of high-energy
phosphate bonds.
The membranes of cells are composed of
phospholipids
Which of the following particles are not filtered out of the blood in the glomerulus? plasma proteins water nitrogenous wastes salts nutrients
plasma proteins *Plasma proteins do not move from the glomerulus into the filtrate. Section: 11.03
Which of the following are actually cell fragments and not whole cells? RBCs WBCs platelets albumins globulins
platelets *Platelets are cell fragments of whole cells called megakaryocytes. Section: 06.01
The fragmentation of very large megakaryocytes results in the production of leukocytes. erythrocytes. albumins. platelets. globulins.
platelets *The fragmentation of very large megakaryocytes results in the production of platelets. Section: 06.04
Small growths arising from the epithelial lining of the colon are called cysts. villi. polyps. lacteals. wheals.
polyps. *Polyps are small growths arising from the epithelial lining of the colon. Section: 09.05
What structure within a capillary bed shunts blood from the arteriole to the venule? precapillary valve endothelium precapillary sphincter pericardium shunt valve
precapillary sphincter *The precapillary sphincter shunts blood from the arteriole to the venule. Section: 05.02
What is the function of valves in the veins? increase the rate of blood flow prevent the backward flow of blood regulation of blood pressure oxygenate the blood remove debris from the blood
prevent the backward flow of blood *In the lower extremities, valves prevent the backflow of blood from occurring. Section: 05.02
What is one benefit of normal flora in the large intestine? absorb iron absorb fats produce vitamin B produce bile absorb water
produce vitamin B *Resident bacteria in the large intestine serve to produce vitamin B, as well as vitamin K, and breakdown indigestible material. Section: 09.05
Which of the following is not a function of the integument?
production of white blood cells
Which function of the skeleton do the rib cage, vertebral column, and skull represent? support the body protect soft body parts produce blood cells store minerals and fats permit flexible body movement
protect soft body parts *The rib cage protects internal organs. The skull protects the brain, and the vertebral column protects the spinal cord. (Section 12.01)
The atomic number of an atom is determined by the number of
protons
One of the dangers of smoking is that it disrupts the defensive system that utilizes ciliary action of what type of specialized epithelia?
pseudostratified epithelium
Which blood vessel of the pulmonary circuit will carry deoxygenated blood? pulmonary artery pulmonary vein vena cava aorta all of these carry deoxygenated blood
pulmonary artery *The pulmonary artery carries deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs. The pulmonary veins carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart. The vena cava is not part of the pulmonary circuit. The aorta is not part of the pulmonary circuit and carries oxygenated blood. Section: 05.05
Which of the following is not a function of blood? transport defense regulation pumping carry oxygen
pumping *The major functions of the blood include transport, defense, and regulation. The heart does the pumping. Section: 06.01
Which of the following is not a function of proteins?
quick energy
Which of the following could be used to take a pulse? radial vein radial artery inferior vena cava superior vena cava renal capillaries
radial artery *It is customary to feel the pulse by placing several fingers on the radial artery. The rhythmic expansion and recoil of an arterial wall can be felt as a pulse in any artery that runs close to the body's surface. Section: 05.04
What carries oxygen in the blood?
red blood cells
Which of the following substances is not considered part of blood plasma? dissolved O2 glucose urea albumin red blood cells
red blood cells *Red blood cells are part of the formed elements, not the plasma. Section: 06.01
Which of the following is not a role the skeletal system plays in helping the cardiovascular system? protects the heart protects the brain regulates the contraction of the heart stores calcium for blood clotting assists muscles in movement of blood in veins
regulates the contraction of the heart *The nervous system regulates the contraction of the heart. Section: 06.06
The collecting duct of the nephron originates in what region of the kidney and extends toward what region of the kidney? renal cortex toward the renal medulla renal cortex toward the renal pelvis renal medulla toward the renal cortex renal medulla toward the renal pelvis renal pelvis toward the renal medulla
renal cortex toward the renal pelvis *The collecting duct originates in the renal cortex and extends to the renal pelvis. Section: 11.02
Which of the hormones involved in the regulation of water-salt balance is produced by the juxtaglomerular apparatus? aldosterone renin ADH ANH testosterone
renin *Renin is produced by the juxtaglomerular apparatus when blood volume falls too low for filtration to occur. Section: 11.04
Which of the following is not involved in body temperature homeostasis?
respiration rate
Which systems function in adjustment of the acid-base balance of the blood?
respiratory and urinary
The face of a sunflower turns to follow the sun as it moves across the sky. This is an example of
response to stimuli.
In the pulmonary circuit, veins carry oxygen-____ blood, and in the systemic circuit, veins carry oxygen-_____ blood. rich, rich poor, poor rich, poor poor, rich
rich, poor *In the pulmonary circuit, the pulmonary veins carry oxygen-rich blood to the lungs. In the systemic circuit, veins carry oxygen-poor blood back to the heart. Section: 05.05
Dr. Ferguson explained that in a condition known as situs inversus, the internal organs are reversed in their orientation. Thus, the apex of the heart would be oriented to the ___. middle right left front back
right *Normally, the apex of the heart is tilted to the left. In situs inversus the apex of the heart is tilted to the right. Section: 05.03
A hospital laboratory technician injects a dye into a vein in your right arm. What is the first chamber of the heart that the dye will reach? right atrium left atrium right ventricle left ventricle aorta
right atrium *The veins from the body empty into the right atrium. Blood flow then enters the right ventricle, pulmonary arteries, lungs, pulmonary veins, left atrium, left ventricle, and leaves the heart through the aorta. Section: 05.03
Blood leaves which chamber of the heart to enter the lungs? right atrium left atrium right ventricle left ventricle aorta
right ventricle *Blood leaves the right ventricle and enters the lungs. Section: 05.03
Which chamber of the heart pumps blood into the pulmonary circuit? right atrium right ventricle left atrium left ventricle aorta
right ventricle Section: 05.05
When comparing the cardiovascular system to a city, what is it similar to? roads government building grocery stores waste recycling plant power plant
roads *The cardiovascular system is similar to the roads which transport goods between all of the other places in the city. Section: 05.01
What greatly increases the capacity of the stomach? crypts lumens polyps rugae diverticula
rugae *The mucosa of the stomach has deep folds called rugae that greatly increase the capacity of the stomach. Section: 09.03
What enzyme initiates the process of starch digestion in the mouth? salivary lipase salivary protease salivary sucrase salivary amylase salivary lactase
salivary amylase *Salivary amylase initiates the process of starch digestion. Section: 09.02
Bone cancer and other cancers of connective tissue are called
sarcomas.
A fatty acid that contains only single bonds between the carbon atoms is considered
saturated
Which type of gland can become blocked and form a "blackhead?"
sebaceous
An alpha helix or a beta sheet are examples of what level of protein structure?
secondary
Which of the following heart tissues is not part of the internal conduction system of the heart? atrioventricular bundle atrioventricular node Purkinje fibers sinoatrial node semilunar valve
semilunar valve *Only the semilunar valve is not involved in the internal conduction system of the heart. Section: 05.03
After blood clots, the yellowish fluid that escapes from the clot is called thrombin. fibrinogen. serum. lymph. plasma.
serum. *After blood clots, the yellowish fluid that escapes from the clot is called serum. Section: 06.04
Emma developed a rotator cuff injury. What part of her body is injured? neck upper back shoulder lower back lower arm
shoulder *The rotator cuff attaches the humerus to the scapula at the shoulder region. (section 12.03)
In turning a page, you would mainly be using what type of muscle?
skeletal muscle
Which bones develop by intramembranous ossification? the long bones of the leg the long bones of the arms the ribs the fingers the skull
skull *Flat bones, such as the bones of the skull, develop by intramembranous ossification. (section 12.05)
What is the normal pH of blood? neutral slightly basic slightly acidic extremely basic extremely acidic
slightly basic *Blood has a pH of 7.4, which is slightly basic. Section: 11.04
Which of following is not considered an accessory organ of the digestive system? liver salivary glands small intestines pancreas gallbladder
small intestines *The small intestines are part of the digestive system, not an accessory organ. Section: 09.01
Lymphatic vessels serve to absorb fat molecules from the
small intestines.
Muscles that encircle tubes and act as circular valves are called frenula. sphincters. cannula. anastomoses. buccinators.
sphincters. *Muscles that encircle tubes and act as circular valves are called sphincters. Section: 09.02
What is the instrument called that is used to measure blood pressure? stethoscope CPR sphygmomanometer ECG AED
sphygmomanometer *A sphygmomanometer is an instrument used to measure blood pressure. Section: 05.04
Mrs. Hinson was informed that her blood pressure was 150/95. These numbers indicate that she has __________. normal blood pressure prehypertension hypotension stage 1 hypertension stage 2 hypertension
stage 1 hypertension Stage 1 hypertension has a systolic number between 140 and 159, and a diastolic number between 90 and 99. Section: 05.04
What gives rise to all the formed elements of the blood? megakaryocytes macrophages reticulocytes stem cells erythroblasts
stem cells *Multipotent stem cells give rise to all the formed elements of the blood. Section: 06.01
Which of the following bones is not part of the pectoral girdle and attached limbs? clavicle sternum scapula ulna humerus
sternum *The sternum is part of the axial skeleton. (section 12.03)
The sex hormones belong to which category of lipids?
steroids
Pepsin is an enzyme that digests proteins at acidic pH. Therefore, it must act in the stomach. small intestine. mouth. large intestine. esophagus.
stomach *Pepsin acts in the stomach. Section: 09.03
The primary function of the stomach is to break down fats. store food, churn, and begin protein digestion. absorb major nutrients. package feces. eliminate water and tissue fluid.
store food, churn, and begin protein *The primary function of the stomach is to store food, churn, and begin digestion. Section: 09.03
The broad band of loose connective tissue beneath the mucosa that contains blood vessels, lymph, and nerves is called the mucosa. submucosa. muscularis. serosa. diverticulum.
submucosa. *The broad band of loose connective tissue beneath the mucosa that contains blood vessels, lymph, and nerves is called the submucosa. Section: 09.01
The sides of the DNA ladder (backbone) are
sugars and phosphates.
What of the following joints is a fibrous joint? sutures between cranial bones ribs and sternum intervertebral disks elbow knee
sutures between cranial bones *Many fibrous joints, such as the sutures between the cranial bones, are immovable. (section 12.04)
Tina's heart began to beat much faster when it came to the scary scene in the movie. Which part of the nervous system causes the heart to beat faster when afraid? parasympathetic somatic sympathetic axial
sympathetic *The sympathetic nervous system causes the heart to beat faster in responses associated with "fight or flight." Section: 05.03
Which joint has the greatest range of motion? synovial sutures fibrous cartilaginous All of these are equally movable.
synovial *Synovial joints have the greatest range of motion. Sutures and fibrous joints are immovable. Cartilaginous joints are slightly movable. (section 12.04)
Which of the following is considered a secondary or additional function of the urinary system? synthesis of vitamin D excretion of metabolic wastes secretion of hormones maintenance of acid-base balance maintenance of water-salt balance
synthesis of vitamin D *Synthesis of vitamin D is considered a secondary or additional function of the urinary system. All of the other functions are considered primary functions of the urinary system Section: 11.01
Normal blood pressure is 120/80. What is the top number called and what is happening in the heart? systolic pressure, ejection of blood from the heart diastolic pressure, ejection of blood from the heart systolic pressure, ventricles are relaxing diastolic pressure, ventricles are relaxing diastolic pressure, atria are contracting, ventricles are relaxing
systolic pressure, ejection of blood from the heart *The highest arterial pressure is the top number, called the systolic pressure. This is reached during ejection of blood from the heart. Section: 05.04
What makes each amino acid unique?
the R group
Bone recycling allows the body to regulate what? the amount of sodium in the blood the amount of calcium in the blood the amount of sodium in the bone the amount of vitamin C in the blood the amount of vitamin D in the bone
the amount of calcium in the blood *Bone serves as a storage reservoir for calcium and recycling allows the body to regulate the amount of calcium in the blood. (section 12.05)
The cause of stomach ulcers appears to be
the bacterium Helicobacter pylori.
The major portions of the large intestine include the duodenum, cecum, and rectum. the jejunum, colon, and anus. the cecum, colon, rectum, and anus. the colon, duodenum, cecum, and rectum. the colon, anus, duodenum, and jejunum.
the cecum, colon, rectum, and anus. *The major portions of the large intestine include the cecum, colon, rectum, and anus. Section: 09.05
The "lub" sound of the "lub-dup" heart beat is due to what? the closing of the AV valves the closing of the semilunar valves the right atrium contracting the left atrium contracting the relaxation of both atria
the closing of the AV valves *The "lub" occurs when increasing pressure of blood inside a ventricle forces the cusps of the AV valves to slam shut. Section: 05.03
What characteristic can be used to differentiate bone and cartilage?
the flexibility of the matrix
What membrane is infected in meningitis?
the lining of the brain and spinal cord
In an acidic solution
the number of H+ is greater than the number of OH-.
The reason water is polar is because
the oxygen atom is larger than the hydrogen atom.
In CAPD, what serves as the dialysis membrane? the walls of the blood vessels a filter inside the instrument the kidneys themselves the peritoneum the pleural membrane
the peritoneum *The peritoneum serves as the dialysis membrane. Section: 11.05
What holds the patella in place? the lateral epicondyle the quadriceps tendon the medial condyle the lateral malleolus the greater trochanter
the quadriceps tendon *The patella is held in place by the quadriceps tendon. (section 12.03)
The pleurae would be found in which body system?
the respiratory system
What is considered the pacemaker of the heart? medulla oblongata the sinoatrial node the atrioventricular node Purkinje fibers atrioventricular bundle
the sinoatrial node *The sinoatrial node is called the pacemaker because it regulates heartbeat. Section: 05.03
In the analogy where the liver is like the sewage treatment plant, the kidneys are like the trucks that take the waste out of town. the people who produce the waste. trash cans where the waste is stored. the trucks that carry the waste from the people who produce it to the treatment plant. trucks that produce the waste.
the trucks that take the waste out of town. *The kidneys take the already prepared waste away from the body. Section: 11.04
Starch, cellulose, and glycogen are alike in that
they are all made of glucose.
What cavities develop from the ventral cavity?
thoracic, abdominal, and pelvic
How many openings (inputs and outputs) are there in the urinary bladder? one two three four five
three *There are three openings of the urinary bladder--one for the urethra and two for the ureters. Section: 11.01
Mark suffers from nosebleeds and gastrointestinal bleeding due to increased breakdown of platelets outside the marrow. This is called thrombocytopenia. thromboembolism. hemophilia. prothrombin disease. sickle-cell anemia.
thrombocytopenia Nosebleeds and gastrointestinal bleeding due to increased breakdown of platelets outside the marrow is a condition called thrombocytopenia. Section: 06.04
Specialized cells that work together to perform a common function are called
tissues
The purpose of informed consent is
to ensure the patient knows the risks and is volunteering.
What are the functions of the sinuses? to drain fluid from the brain and to allow the brain to expand to give a resonant sound to the voice and to allow the brain to expand to lighten the skull and drain fluid from the brain to lighten the skull and give a resonant sound to the voice to allow the brain to expand and to lighten the skull
to lighten the skull and give a resonant sound to the voice *The sinuses reduce the weight of the skull and give a resonant sound to the voice. (section 12.02)
Why is the dialysate continually replaced in hemodialysis? to maintain a favorable concentration gradient with the blood because it is easily infected because it enters the body and is absorbed because it is lost by urination because it biodegrades rapidly
to maintain a favorable concentration gradient with the blood *Substances more concentrated in the blood diffuse into the dialysate and vice versa, so it is continuously replaced to maintain favorable concentration gradients. Section: 11.05
Which of the following is not a function of the digestive system? to ingest food to digest food into small nutrients so that the molecules can pass through membranes to absorb nutrient molecules to eliminate indigestible remains to protect against pathogens
to protect against pathogens *The immune system protects against pathogens. Section: 09.01
What term is associated with spongy bone but not with compact bone? canaliculi osteocytes trabeculae bone marrow blood vessels
trabeculae *Both spongy and compact bone have osteocytes, canaliculi, bone marrow, and blood vessels but only spongy bone has trabeculae. (section 12.01)
Which of the following is not a type of joint? trochanter fibrous cartilaginous synovial suture
trochanter *A trochanter is not a type of joint, they are large bony projections located on the femur. (section 12.03)
15. When ATP is broken down, heat is released.
true
34. The cytoplasm is not considered a cellular organelle.
true
38. Archaea are considered the evolutionary precursors to eukaryotic cells.
true
A malfunction with the microtubules would interfere with mitosis and meiosis.
true
A probability value of less than 5% in a scientific study is acceptable.
true
An element cannot be broken down by chemical means.
true
An important part of scientific research is repeatability.
true
During exocytosis, the phospholipids present in the vesicle membrane will end up in the plasma membrane.
true
Fats are usually of animal origin while oils are usually of plant origin.
true
Humans are part of the biosphere and must live in harmony with it if we are to survive as a species.
true
If temperature were controlled by a positive feedback mechanism, the body's temperature would continue to rise.
true
Moving from the outside of the body, the first type of tissue encountered is epithelial tissue.
true
NaCl is not an organic molecule.
true
Our body is capable of converting starch into glycogen.
true
Radiation can produce both positive and negative effects for humans.
true
Schwann cells are a type of neuroglia found outside of the brain.
true
Skin accounts for nearly 15% of the weight of an average human.
true
Smooth muscle in the bladder contracts sending urine into the urethra.
true
The nucleus of a cell in your thigh muscle contains the same genes as the nucleus of a cell in your brain.
true
The presence of a buffer in our blood is an example of homeostasis.
true
Water makes up 60-70% of total body weight.
true
With a negative feedback system, the value in question will vary around the set point.
true
Bones continue to grow throughout a lifetime. True False
true *Bones are able to respond to stress by changing size, shape, and strength throughout our lifetime. (section 12.05)
There are phalanges in both the lower limbs and upper limbs. True False
true *The bones of the fingers and the toes are called phalanges. (section 12.03)
The medullary cavity is within the diaphysis of a long bone. True False
true *The diaphysis is the shaft of a long bone and the medullary cavity is within it. (section 12.01)
As long as the growth plate remains, the limbs will keep increasing in length. True False
true *The limbs keep increasing in length as long as growth plates, bands of cartilage, are still present. (section 12.05)
The thoracic vertebrae are associated with the ribs. True False
true *There are twelve thoracic vertebrae named because they articulate with the ribs. (section 12.02)
Which of the following body parts is surrounded by a mucous membrane?
tubes of the digestive system
How is penicillin removed from the blood? glomerular filtration tubular secretion tubular reabsorption phagocytosis passive transport
tubular secretion *Penicillin is actively transported from blood during tubular secretion into the kidney tubule. Section: 11.03
How many bones are present in the pelvic girdle? one two three four five
two *The pelvic girdle consists of two large coxal bones. (section 12.03)
Which of the following nitrogenous bases is NOT found in DNA?
uracil
Which molecule is reabsorbed less than 50% during tubular reabsorption? urea water sodium glucose amino acids
urea *Urea is only approximately 44% reabsorbed. Section: 11.03
Which of the following is not part of a nephron? glomerular capsule proximal convoluted tubule loop of Henle collecting duct ureter
ureter *The collecting duct empties into the ureter, but the ureter is not part of a nephron. Section: 11.02
The renal pelvis is continuous with the renal cortex. bladder. urethra. ureter. nephrons.
ureter *The renal pelvis is a central space that is continuous with the ureter. Section: 11.02
Which part of the urinary system is shared with the reproductive system in males? bladder ureters kidneys urethra renal pelvis
urethra *The urethra conducts urine for the urinary system and semen for the reproductive system in males. Section: 11.01
Which of the following body systems is located in a specific cavity of the body?
urinary system
The fleshy extension of the soft palate is known as the epiglottis. uvula. pharynx. adenoid. cecum.
uvula *The uvula is the fleshy extension of the soft palate. Section: 09.02
At any one time, where is the majority of the blood found in the body? veins lungs lymphatic vessels capillaries arteries
veins *Veins can serve as a blood reservoir, holding about 70% of the blood. Section: 05.02
Which vitamin is fat soluble? vitamin C vitamin E vitamin B6 vitamin B12 biotin
vitamin E *Vitamin E is a fat soluble vitamin. Section: 09.06
The vitamin necessary for fibrinogen and prothrombin formation (found in green vegetables and released by intestinal bacteria) is vitamin B. vitamin D. vitamin A. vitamin E. vitamin K.
vitamin K. *Vitamin K is necessary for fibrinogen and prothrombin formation. Section: 06.04
Which of the following is not one of the four classes of organic molecules found in cells?
vitamins
What criterion is used to categorize the skeleton into axial and appendicular? whether the bones are weight bearing or not whether the bones lie on the midline or on a girdle whether the bones are flat or long whether the bones contain red bone marrow or yellow bone marrow whether the bones articulate with the pelvis or not
whether the bones lie on the midline or on a girdle *If the bones lie on the midline of the body, they are part of the axial skeleton. If they are part of the girdles or hang from them, they are appendicular. (section 12.02)
After studying biology, it is hoped that you
will be better able to make wise decisions regarding your own well being and the Earth's.
In a graph, the experimental variable is plotted on the
x axis
Where, besides adipose tissue, is fat stored? matrix of bone yellow bone marrow red bone marrow periosteum articular cartilage
yellow bone marrow *Fat is stored in yellow bone marrow. (Section 12.01)
About 90% of people suffering from anorexia nervosa are young men. older women. young women. older men. seniors
young women. *Young women are most affected by anorexia nervosa. Section: 09.06
Jill broke her cheekbone in an ice skating accident. Which bone did she break? temporal bone mandible maxilla zygomatic bone frontal bone
zygomatic bone *The zygomatic bone forms the cheekbone. (section 12.02)