Human Biology | 1. Basic Human Biology Concepts | Sophia

How many molecules of ATP are produced by the electron transport chain?

32

What is a ribosome?

A cell organelle responsible for synthesizing proteins.

What are chromosomes?

A condensed form of DNA that occurs when the cell is dividing.

What is a vesicle?

A membrane-bound sac used to store and protect materials that are transported in the cell.

Which of the following describes facilitated diffusion?

A polar molecule using a transport protein to pass through the plasma membrane.

Which of the following statements is true? A) Cellular respiration is the process by which ATP is produced from molecules such as glucose. B) Cellular respiration includes three steps: Osmosis, the Krebs cycle, and electron transport. C) ATP is an enzyme used to metabolize glucose during cellular respiration. D) At the end of cellular respiration, the net gain of ATP is 12 molecules per glucose molecule.

A) Cellular respiration is the process by which ATP is produced from molecules such as glucose.

Which of the following characteristics is shared by all living things?

All living things are made up of cells

Which of the following statements about butterflies is most credible?

An article in a scientific journal says certain types of butterflies can detect changes in weather before humans can.

What is the endoplasmic reticulum?

An organelle that assembles and packages proteins and lipids.

What is a carbohydrate?

An organic compound the body breaks down into sugars.

Peter observed that iron needles placed beside a magnet attract other iron needles.

Ask a question, like whether magnets can transfer their properties to iron objects.

Which of the following statements is true? A) Enzymes are destroyed in the process of facilitating a reaction. B) Enzymes can make a chemical reaction happen millions of times faster than it would otherwise. C) Enzymes are composed of lipids. D) Enzymes always break down larger substances into smaller ones.

B) Enzymes can make a chemical reaction happen millions of times faster than it would otherwise.

Which of the following statements is true? A) Glycolysis requires oxygen to occur. B) Glycolysis occurs within the cytoplasm. C) Glycolysis does not produce any ATP. D) Glycolysis is the second phase of cellular respiration.

B) Glycolysis occurs within the cytoplasm.

Which of the following is a characteristic of the plasma membrane? A) It contains embedded proteins, which act as channels for any and all substances to enter the cell. B) It is composed primarily of phospholipids, but also contains other lipids and proteins. C) It is composed of a single layer of phospholipids that allows the plasma membrane to be effective, yet flexible. D) Each phospholipid is composed of a hydrophobic head and a hydrophilic tail.

B) It is composed primarily of phospholipids, but also contains other lipids and proteins.

Which of the following statements is true? A) Glycolysis turns pyruvate into glucose. B) Pyruvate is produced when a glucose molecule undergoes glycolysis. C) Pyruvate is a byproduct of ATP production. D) Phosphorylation is another work for glycolysis

B) Pyruvate is produced when a glucose molecule undergoes glycolysis.

Which of the following statements about enzymes is true? A) Salivary amylase is an enzyme made up of lipids. B) The substance remaining after a reaction carried out by an enzyme is called the product. C) Enzymes produce a product that is changed physically but remains the same chemically. D) The active site is the same shape for every enzyme in your body.

B) The substance remaining after a reaction carried out by an enzyme is called the product.

Which of the following statements represents an opinion?

Butterflies are not as interesting as some people say.

Which is a component of all cells? A) Nucleus B) Tissue C) Cytoplasm D) Flagellum

C) Cytoplasm

Which of the following is a characteristic of the plasma membrane? A) It is composed strictly of a double layer of phospholipids. B) The hydrophilic tails of the phospholipids face outward, composing the outer layer of the plasma membrane. C) It is selectively permeable, meaning it controls what goes into and what comes out of the cell. D) It allows only polar molecules to pass in and out of the cell.

C) It is selectively permeable, meaning ti controls what goes into and what comes out of the cell.

Which of the following statements is true? A) All cells contain DNA in the nucleus. B) On rare occasions, cells result from the spontaneous combination of molecules. C) No living thing is smaller than a cell. D) Some organisms are not made up of cells.

C) No living thing is smaller than a cell.

What role do effectors play in feedback loops to maintain homeostasis?

Carry out responses designated by the integrator

Which of the following statements is true? A) All cells are eukaryotes. B) Most prokaryotes do not have a nucleus, but some do. C) All cells have flagella. D) All Cells come from preexisting cells.

D) All cells come from preexisting cells.

Which of the following statements is true? A) Glycolysis has a net gain of four ATP B) Glycolysis occurs within the mitochondria C) Glycolysis doesn't require any ATP D) Glycolysis does not require oxygen.

D) Glycolysis does not require oxygen.

Which of the following is characteristic of the plasma membrane? A) It produces energy for the cell. B) It allows all kinds of molecules to pass through. C) It is a rigid outer barrier for the cell. D) It is made of two layers of phospholipids.

D) It is made of two layers of phospholipids.

Which of the following statements about enzymes is true? A) Salivary amylase is an enzyme that breaks down fats in the foods you eat. B) Enzymes are non-specific, making them versatile to participate in any type of reaction in the body. C) Enzymes themselves change during each reaction and thus can only be used by the body a single time. D) Substrates attach to an enzyme at the active site and will either be broken down or joined together.

D) Substrates attach to an enzyme at the active site and will either be broken down or joined together.

Which of the following stores an organism's genetic information?

DNA

Ryan predicted that people who eat high-fat foods every day will have higher cholesterol than people who eat low-fat foods. If he's designing an experiment to test his prediction based on the scientific method, what should his next step be?

Have 100 people eat high-fat foods and 100 people eat low-fat foods every day for a year and test their cholesterol every week.

Where is cytoplasm found?

In the cell between the plasma membrane and the nucleus.

Which of the following is a characteristic of the nucleus?

It controls activity within the cell.

Why is diffusion a type of passive transport?

It does not require energy for the transport to occur.

Which of the following is true of an oligosaccharide?

It has two or more sugar units.

What role does ATP play within the cell?

It is a source of energy.

Which of the following is part of the cytoskeleton?

Microtubules / microfilaments / intermediate filaments

Which of these functions is carried out by the Golgi body?

Modifying and packaging proteins

In what way are osmosis and facilitated diffusion similar?

Neither osmosis nor facilitated diffusion require the use of ATP.

A carbohydrate with many sugar units is a ___________.

Polysaccharide

Which metaphor is often used to describe the mitochondria?

Powerhouse of the cell

Bess wants to study the relationship between temperature and the number of ice cream cones sold at her store. Her hypothesis is that customers are more likely to buy ice cream on warmer days. If Bess is following the scientific method, what should her next step be?

Predict that she'll sell more ice cream cones when the outside temperature exceeds 75 degrees Fahrenheit.

Which of the following is a biological kingdom?

Protista

How does RNA differ from DNA?

RNA only has one strand and contains uracil instead of thymine.

What is the most noticeable difference between the rough ER and smooth ER?

Rough ER is covered in ribosomes. Smooth ER is not.

Which of the following represents the correct flow of information during homeostasis?

Sensor > Integrator > Effector

Which of the following statements is a verifiable fact?

The Monarch Butterfly is the most common type of butterfly in Jay's neighborhood.

What is the final step of cellular respiration?

The electron transport system

What is cytoplasm?

The jellylike fluid that supports the contents of the cell.

What is active transport?

The movement into or out of a cell that requires energy in the form of ATP.

What is diffusion?

The movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.

What is the definition of osmosis?

The movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane.

Which of the following is an example of effectors working to maintain homeostasis if blood glucose levels become too high?

The pancreas releases insulin to lower blood glucose levels.

What is cellular respiration?

The process that converts organic molecules into energy.

What is the definition of metabolism?

The various chemical reactions that occur within cells

What does it mean for a solution to be hypotonic?

There is a higher concentration inside the cell than outside.

What does it mean for a solution to be hypertonic?

There is a higher concentration outside the cell than inside.

What does it mean if lipids are nonpolar?

They do not dissolve easily in water.

Which of the following is present only in DNA? A) Guanine B) Thymine C) Adenine D) Cytosine

Thymine

What type of lipids would increase the chances of health disorders if consumed regularly through diet?

Trans fat

Which organ system controls and regulates the volume of blood?

Urinary system

What are proteins made up of?

amino acids

What is it called when small molecules are combined into larger ones?

anabolism

What is it called when larger molecules are broken down into smaller ones?

catabolism

In organisms, which level of organization is made up of molecules?

cells

The process by which molecules are converted into energy is called __________.

cellular respiration

What is another name for the Krebs cycle?

citric acid cycle

Which organ system produces hormones that help regulate the body's functions?

endocrine system

What is the structure of the Golgi body?

flattened sacs

How many levels of structure do proteins have?

four

The electron transport chain receives products from which other process(es)?

glycolysis and krebs cycle

Where does the electron transport chain take place?

inner membrane of mitochondria

Which organ system is a major component of the body's immune system?

lymphatic system

The Krebs cycle occurs within the __________.

mitochondria

DNA is a type of ______________.

nucleic acid

Which lipid is a component of the plasma membrane of a cell?

phospholipids

Three or more amino acids joined together form a ___________.

polypeptide chain

What occurs during diffusion?

substance moves from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration

How many molecules of ATP are produced during the Krebs cycle?

two