human development chapter 10-12

_____ parenting is correlated with ___ self-esteem

Indulgent; unrealistically high

which of the following children is the most likely to have the highest self-esteem

Kyle, whose parents use an authoritative child-rearing style

Ten-year-old Greta is beginning to feel like she is in control of her emotional experience. She is acquiring

a sense of emotional self-efficacy

for adolescents, propositional thought

allows them to evaluate the logic of verbal statements without referring to real-world circumstances

which of the following statements about anorexia nervosa is true ?

anorexia nervosa is equally common in all SES groups

in problem-centered coping, children

appraise the situation as changeable, identify the difficulty, and decide what to do about it

compared to children with siblings, only children

are higher in self-esteem

child rearing becomes easier in middle childhood for parents who established a(n) _____ style during the early years

authoritative

in middle childhood, children begin to

compare their own characteristics to those of peers

which of the following statements about self-esteem is true?

compared with their caucasian agemates, african-american children tend to have slightly higher self-esteem

Regardless of the extent of their friction, divorcing parents who manage to engage in __________ greatly improve the chances of favorable child outcomes.

coparenting

follow-ups reveal that ____ are especially prone to lasting difficulties

early-maturing girls

Asian parents and teachers are more likely than their American counterparts to view __________ as key to success.

effort

parent-adolescent disagreements focus largely on ____, such as ____

everyday matters; driving, dating partners, and curfews

contemporary research suggests that the storm and stress notion of adoescence is

exaggerated

Children who believe that people's personality traits are __________ rather than __________ often judge others as either "good" or "bad."

fixed; changeable

which of the following statements bout sibling rivalry in middle childhood is true?

for same-sex siblings who are close in age, parental comparisons are more frequency, resulting n more antagonism

as children internalize others' expections and make social comparisons, they

form an ideal self that they use to evaluate their real self

accoding to Piaget, around age 11 young people enter the _____ stage

formal operational

which of the following statements about gender and identity is true

girls have greater flexibility than boys to engage in "cross-gender" activities

which of the following statements about body growth in adolescence is true?

growth in body size is complete for most girls by age 16 and for boys by age 17 1/2

about _____ of anorexic boys are ___

half; gay or bisexual youths who are uncomfortable with a strong, muscular appearance

piaget believed that at adolescence, young people first become capable of

hypothetico-deductive reasoning

erikson was the first to recognize ___ as a crucial step toward coming a productive, content adult

idenity

which of the following emerges first -out-group favoritism -ingroup prejudice -outgroup prejudice -ingroup favoritism

in-group favoritism

Erikson's sense of ____ combines several developments of middle childhood; a positive but realistic self-concept, pride in accomplishment, moral responsibility, and cooperate participation with age-mates

industry

according to Erickson's psychosocial theory, the negative outcome of middle childhood is

inferiority

mastery-oriented children are most likely to attribute failure to

insufficient effort

coregulation

involves general parental oversight while letting the child make moment by moment decisions

Children who develop __________ attribute their failures, not their successes, to ability.

learned helplessness

Both adults and peers view Michaela as physically attractive, lively, and sociable. She is a leader at her school. Her brother, Daniel, however, is viewed as anxious and moody. He is either stressed or depressed. Which of the following statements is probably true?

michaela and daniel are both late-maturing teenagers

children in blended families usually ave ____ than children in stable, first-marriage families

more adjustment problems

which of the following statements about sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) is true ?

most high school students have only a limited understanding of STDs

eight year old Jennifer, an African American describes the white, wealthier girls in her school as "pretty," "smart," and "nice," whereas she describes the black, poorer girls as "bossy," "averae," and "chubby." Jennifer is expressing

out-group favoritism

which of the following statements about reactions to pubertal changes is true

overall, boys get less social support than girls for the physical changes of puberty

grace, along with six other girls in her classroom, spends her time developing rules for popularity. The girls have developed their own vocabulary and dress code. Grace is most likely

part of a peer group

Appreciating mixed emotions helps children realize that

people's expressions may not reflect their true feelings

which of the following statements about self-esteem in middle childhood is true ?

perceived physical appearance correlates more strongly with overall self-worth

michaela performs well in school and communicates with her peers in sensitive, friendly, and cooperative ways. She is a ___ child

popular-prosocial

which of the following is a secondary sexual characteristic

public hair

in the united states and a few European countries, ____ are responsible for a modest, continuing trend toward earlier menarche

soaring rates of overweight and obesity

nine year old Noah observed that he is better than his peers at math but not as good at spelling. Noah is using

social comparisons

during puberty, boys'

strength increases as they develop large skeletal muscles, hearts, and lung capacity

compared to the moods of older adolescents and adults, the mods of yonger adolescents are

strongly related to situational changes

rachel wonders what signs will indicate the onset of puberty in her daughter. You can tell her that her daughter's puberty will probably begin with

the budding of the breasts and the growth spurt

during puberty

the cephalocaudal growth trend of infancy and childhood reverses

in middle childhood, once friendship forms, ____ becomes its defining feature.

trust

early-maturing girls are viewed as

unpopular, withdrawn, and lacking in self-confidence

Chandler is high in academic self-esteem and motivation. He is likely to

use mastery-oriented attributions

neglected children are

usually well-adjusted and not unhappy about their social lives