human development chapter 10-12
_____ parenting is correlated with ___ self-esteem
Indulgent; unrealistically high
which of the following children is the most likely to have the highest self-esteem
Kyle, whose parents use an authoritative child-rearing style
Ten-year-old Greta is beginning to feel like she is in control of her emotional experience. She is acquiring
a sense of emotional self-efficacy
for adolescents, propositional thought
allows them to evaluate the logic of verbal statements without referring to real-world circumstances
which of the following statements about anorexia nervosa is true ?
anorexia nervosa is equally common in all SES groups
in problem-centered coping, children
appraise the situation as changeable, identify the difficulty, and decide what to do about it
compared to children with siblings, only children
are higher in self-esteem
child rearing becomes easier in middle childhood for parents who established a(n) _____ style during the early years
authoritative
in middle childhood, children begin to
compare their own characteristics to those of peers
which of the following statements about self-esteem is true?
compared with their caucasian agemates, african-american children tend to have slightly higher self-esteem
Regardless of the extent of their friction, divorcing parents who manage to engage in __________ greatly improve the chances of favorable child outcomes.
coparenting
follow-ups reveal that ____ are especially prone to lasting difficulties
early-maturing girls
Asian parents and teachers are more likely than their American counterparts to view __________ as key to success.
effort
parent-adolescent disagreements focus largely on ____, such as ____
everyday matters; driving, dating partners, and curfews
contemporary research suggests that the storm and stress notion of adoescence is
exaggerated
Children who believe that people's personality traits are __________ rather than __________ often judge others as either "good" or "bad."
fixed; changeable
which of the following statements bout sibling rivalry in middle childhood is true?
for same-sex siblings who are close in age, parental comparisons are more frequency, resulting n more antagonism
as children internalize others' expections and make social comparisons, they
form an ideal self that they use to evaluate their real self
accoding to Piaget, around age 11 young people enter the _____ stage
formal operational
which of the following statements about gender and identity is true
girls have greater flexibility than boys to engage in "cross-gender" activities
which of the following statements about body growth in adolescence is true?
growth in body size is complete for most girls by age 16 and for boys by age 17 1/2
about _____ of anorexic boys are ___
half; gay or bisexual youths who are uncomfortable with a strong, muscular appearance
piaget believed that at adolescence, young people first become capable of
hypothetico-deductive reasoning
erikson was the first to recognize ___ as a crucial step toward coming a productive, content adult
idenity
which of the following emerges first -out-group favoritism -ingroup prejudice -outgroup prejudice -ingroup favoritism
in-group favoritism
Erikson's sense of ____ combines several developments of middle childhood; a positive but realistic self-concept, pride in accomplishment, moral responsibility, and cooperate participation with age-mates
industry
according to Erickson's psychosocial theory, the negative outcome of middle childhood is
inferiority
mastery-oriented children are most likely to attribute failure to
insufficient effort
coregulation
involves general parental oversight while letting the child make moment by moment decisions
Children who develop __________ attribute their failures, not their successes, to ability.
learned helplessness
Both adults and peers view Michaela as physically attractive, lively, and sociable. She is a leader at her school. Her brother, Daniel, however, is viewed as anxious and moody. He is either stressed or depressed. Which of the following statements is probably true?
michaela and daniel are both late-maturing teenagers
children in blended families usually ave ____ than children in stable, first-marriage families
more adjustment problems
which of the following statements about sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) is true ?
most high school students have only a limited understanding of STDs
eight year old Jennifer, an African American describes the white, wealthier girls in her school as "pretty," "smart," and "nice," whereas she describes the black, poorer girls as "bossy," "averae," and "chubby." Jennifer is expressing
out-group favoritism
which of the following statements about reactions to pubertal changes is true
overall, boys get less social support than girls for the physical changes of puberty
grace, along with six other girls in her classroom, spends her time developing rules for popularity. The girls have developed their own vocabulary and dress code. Grace is most likely
part of a peer group
Appreciating mixed emotions helps children realize that
people's expressions may not reflect their true feelings
which of the following statements about self-esteem in middle childhood is true ?
perceived physical appearance correlates more strongly with overall self-worth
michaela performs well in school and communicates with her peers in sensitive, friendly, and cooperative ways. She is a ___ child
popular-prosocial
which of the following is a secondary sexual characteristic
public hair
in the united states and a few European countries, ____ are responsible for a modest, continuing trend toward earlier menarche
soaring rates of overweight and obesity
nine year old Noah observed that he is better than his peers at math but not as good at spelling. Noah is using
social comparisons
during puberty, boys'
strength increases as they develop large skeletal muscles, hearts, and lung capacity
compared to the moods of older adolescents and adults, the mods of yonger adolescents are
strongly related to situational changes
rachel wonders what signs will indicate the onset of puberty in her daughter. You can tell her that her daughter's puberty will probably begin with
the budding of the breasts and the growth spurt
during puberty
the cephalocaudal growth trend of infancy and childhood reverses
in middle childhood, once friendship forms, ____ becomes its defining feature.
trust
early-maturing girls are viewed as
unpopular, withdrawn, and lacking in self-confidence
Chandler is high in academic self-esteem and motivation. He is likely to
use mastery-oriented attributions
neglected children are
usually well-adjusted and not unhappy about their social lives