Human Phys CH 11

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The hormone-receptor complex binds with the _______ and activates specific ____________ that, in turn direct the synthesis of specific _____________

DNA; genes; protiens

what hormones from the hypothalamus controls the levels of GH

GH releasing hormone and GH releasing inhibiting hormone

how many hormones does the anterior pituitary secrete

GH(growth hormone) PRL( Prolactin)TSH(thyroid stimulating hormone) ACTH(Adrenocorticotropic hormone)& FSH(Follicle stimulating hormone & LH(lutenizing hormone)

what is PRL's target tissue

breasts

what are the components of the endocrine system?

cells,tissues and organs that secrete hormones into body fluids

what is the function of TSH

controls the secretion of hormones from the thyroid gland

what hormones does ACTH does it affect the release of

corticoptropin-releasing hormone (CRH)

what is the name of the hormone from the hypothalamus that controls the ACTH's release

corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH)

what is the name of the second messenger

cyclic AMP(cyclic adenosine monophososphate)

what does the endocrine glands include

pituitary glands, thyroid glands,parathyroid glands,adrenal glands,and other hormone secreting gland and tissues

what are the functions of oxycotin hormone

plays a role in childbirth by contracting muscles in the uterine wall, and milk-letdown by forcing milk into ducts from the milk glands

the pituitary gland that is attached to the base of the brain and has a rear lobe called the __________

posterior

what hypothalamic hormones affect PRL

prolactine releasing hormone

what is the function of PRL

promotes milk production following the birth of an infant

prostaglandins are locally produced lipids that affect the organ in which they are produced with a variety of effect. what are some of these effects?

some relax smooth muscles, others contract smooth muscles,some stimulate secretion of other hormones and others influence blood pressure and inflammation

what determines whether a cell is a target cell for a particular hormone

specific receptors on which a hormone exerts in effect

what hormones are lipid-soluble and can pass through cell membranes

steroid

how does a steroid hormone promote cellular change

steroids

what types of chemicals can hormones be

steroids, amines,peptides,proteins, or glycoproteins synthesized from amino acids

what functions do most anterior pituitary have in common

stimulate other glands

what is the function of GH

stimulates body cells to grow and reproduce; it also speeds the rate at which cells use carbohydrates and fats

how does TSH affect T4 & T3 release

stimulates the thyroid

what is the tissue called that hormones affect

targeted cells

what are the target organs for FSH

testes and ovaries

Explain how the nervous systems and endocrine systems are alike and how they are different

the endocrine system & the nervous system oversee the communication using chemical signals that bind to receptor molecules- regulate metabolic processes within cells;

functions of hormones

help regulate metabolic processes, control the rates of certain chemical reactions, aid in transport of substance across membranes and help regulate waste

what disorders may result in a lack of or too much GH

hypopituitary dwarfism;gigantisms; acromegaly

the posterior pituitary releases hormones into the bloodstream in response to nerve impulses from the _____________

hypothalamus

the brain controls the activity of the pituitary glands in two ways: releasing hormones from the ___________ control the secretions of the anterior pituitary and are carried in the bloodstream by _____________ veins

hypothalamus, hypophyseap veins

the brain controls the activity of the pituitary gland in two ways- releasing hormone from the ________ control the secretions of the anterior pituitary and are carried in the bloodstream by __________ veins

hypothalamus; hypophyseal portal

Other glands respond directly to changes in the __________ fluid composition

internal

what hypothalamic hormones affect the TSH

thyrotropin releasing hormone

what is function of endocrine sysytem

to secrete hormones

Distinguish the exocrine gland

gland that secretes products into ducts

what is the target organ for the ACTH

adrenal cortex

the pituitary gland is attached to the base of the brain and has a front lobe called the ____________

anterior

what does the release of tropic hormones from the hypothalamus controls secretions of the_________

anterior pituitary

the anterior pituitary consist mostly of ______________ tissue arranged around blood vessels and enclosed in a capsule of collagenous ______________ tissue

epithelial; connective

What part of the thyroid secretes calcitonin?

extra follicle

the thyroid consists of secretory parts called________________ filled with hormone storing colloid

follicles

thyroxine T4- how many iodines does it contain

four atoms

Distinguish the endocrine gland

gland that secretes products into body fluids that affect target cells

the thyroid gland is located below the _______________ and consist of two broad lobes connected by an isthmus

larynx

What is the function of calcitonin hormone?

lowers blood levels

the posterior lobe consist of ________ fibers and supporting neuroglial cells that support nerve fibers arising in the hypothalamus

nerve

the ______________ system influences certain endocrine glands directly with impluses

nervous

what structure actually produces the hormones released by the posterior pituitary

neurons

what hormones combine with receptors in target cell membranes; the receptors have binding site and a activity site

non-steroid

where are steroid hormones receptors located in the targets cells

nucleus

what factors influence growth besides GH

nutritional status

how does a nonsteroid hormone promote cellular change

they bind receptors in cell membranes

what effect does FSH have on males

they exert their actions on the gonads or reproductive organs

what is the function of these two hormones T4 & T3

they regulate the energy metabolism

triiodothyronine T3- how many iodines does it contain

three atoms

what is TSH's target tissue

thyroid gland


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