Human Phys CH 11
The hormone-receptor complex binds with the _______ and activates specific ____________ that, in turn direct the synthesis of specific _____________
DNA; genes; protiens
what hormones from the hypothalamus controls the levels of GH
GH releasing hormone and GH releasing inhibiting hormone
how many hormones does the anterior pituitary secrete
GH(growth hormone) PRL( Prolactin)TSH(thyroid stimulating hormone) ACTH(Adrenocorticotropic hormone)& FSH(Follicle stimulating hormone & LH(lutenizing hormone)
what is PRL's target tissue
breasts
what are the components of the endocrine system?
cells,tissues and organs that secrete hormones into body fluids
what is the function of TSH
controls the secretion of hormones from the thyroid gland
what hormones does ACTH does it affect the release of
corticoptropin-releasing hormone (CRH)
what is the name of the hormone from the hypothalamus that controls the ACTH's release
corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH)
what is the name of the second messenger
cyclic AMP(cyclic adenosine monophososphate)
what does the endocrine glands include
pituitary glands, thyroid glands,parathyroid glands,adrenal glands,and other hormone secreting gland and tissues
what are the functions of oxycotin hormone
plays a role in childbirth by contracting muscles in the uterine wall, and milk-letdown by forcing milk into ducts from the milk glands
the pituitary gland that is attached to the base of the brain and has a rear lobe called the __________
posterior
what hypothalamic hormones affect PRL
prolactine releasing hormone
what is the function of PRL
promotes milk production following the birth of an infant
prostaglandins are locally produced lipids that affect the organ in which they are produced with a variety of effect. what are some of these effects?
some relax smooth muscles, others contract smooth muscles,some stimulate secretion of other hormones and others influence blood pressure and inflammation
what determines whether a cell is a target cell for a particular hormone
specific receptors on which a hormone exerts in effect
what hormones are lipid-soluble and can pass through cell membranes
steroid
how does a steroid hormone promote cellular change
steroids
what types of chemicals can hormones be
steroids, amines,peptides,proteins, or glycoproteins synthesized from amino acids
what functions do most anterior pituitary have in common
stimulate other glands
what is the function of GH
stimulates body cells to grow and reproduce; it also speeds the rate at which cells use carbohydrates and fats
how does TSH affect T4 & T3 release
stimulates the thyroid
what is the tissue called that hormones affect
targeted cells
what are the target organs for FSH
testes and ovaries
Explain how the nervous systems and endocrine systems are alike and how they are different
the endocrine system & the nervous system oversee the communication using chemical signals that bind to receptor molecules- regulate metabolic processes within cells;
functions of hormones
help regulate metabolic processes, control the rates of certain chemical reactions, aid in transport of substance across membranes and help regulate waste
what disorders may result in a lack of or too much GH
hypopituitary dwarfism;gigantisms; acromegaly
the posterior pituitary releases hormones into the bloodstream in response to nerve impulses from the _____________
hypothalamus
the brain controls the activity of the pituitary glands in two ways: releasing hormones from the ___________ control the secretions of the anterior pituitary and are carried in the bloodstream by _____________ veins
hypothalamus, hypophyseap veins
the brain controls the activity of the pituitary gland in two ways- releasing hormone from the ________ control the secretions of the anterior pituitary and are carried in the bloodstream by __________ veins
hypothalamus; hypophyseal portal
Other glands respond directly to changes in the __________ fluid composition
internal
what hypothalamic hormones affect the TSH
thyrotropin releasing hormone
what is function of endocrine sysytem
to secrete hormones
Distinguish the exocrine gland
gland that secretes products into ducts
what is the target organ for the ACTH
adrenal cortex
the pituitary gland is attached to the base of the brain and has a front lobe called the ____________
anterior
what does the release of tropic hormones from the hypothalamus controls secretions of the_________
anterior pituitary
the anterior pituitary consist mostly of ______________ tissue arranged around blood vessels and enclosed in a capsule of collagenous ______________ tissue
epithelial; connective
What part of the thyroid secretes calcitonin?
extra follicle
the thyroid consists of secretory parts called________________ filled with hormone storing colloid
follicles
thyroxine T4- how many iodines does it contain
four atoms
Distinguish the endocrine gland
gland that secretes products into body fluids that affect target cells
the thyroid gland is located below the _______________ and consist of two broad lobes connected by an isthmus
larynx
What is the function of calcitonin hormone?
lowers blood levels
the posterior lobe consist of ________ fibers and supporting neuroglial cells that support nerve fibers arising in the hypothalamus
nerve
the ______________ system influences certain endocrine glands directly with impluses
nervous
what structure actually produces the hormones released by the posterior pituitary
neurons
what hormones combine with receptors in target cell membranes; the receptors have binding site and a activity site
non-steroid
where are steroid hormones receptors located in the targets cells
nucleus
what factors influence growth besides GH
nutritional status
how does a nonsteroid hormone promote cellular change
they bind receptors in cell membranes
what effect does FSH have on males
they exert their actions on the gonads or reproductive organs
what is the function of these two hormones T4 & T3
they regulate the energy metabolism
triiodothyronine T3- how many iodines does it contain
three atoms
what is TSH's target tissue
thyroid gland