Human Sexuality Chapter 5

How did DOMA impact same-sex marriage?

It denied federal marriage benefits to same-sex couples.

in adulthood, testosterone appears to have ____ effects

activating

Among heterosexuals, sexual __________ is linked to the masculine gender role.

aggressiveness

concordance

agreement

Tina has been attracted to other girls since she was young. She does not label herself a lesbian, has never had sexual contact with another woman, and has told no one about her sexual orientation for fear of being ostracized. What is Tina having difficulties with?

coming out

James, a 20-year-old male, is exclusively erotically attracted to other men. James would be labeled __________

homosexual

gender nonconformity

not behaving in a way that is consistent with the gender-role stereotype associated with one's anatomic sex in a given culture

Bill, a gay male, is __________ more likely to be diagnosed with depression, anxiety, and dependence on alcohol and other substances than Bob, a heterosexual

1.5 times

There is often about a __________ gap between initial attraction to members of one's own anatomic sex and coming out to others

10 year

Until _____, the American Psychiatric Association listed homosexuality as a mental disorder in its prestigious Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM) of the Mental Disorders

1973

How many states had already recognized gay marriage when the Supreme Court legalized gay marriage?

30

Biologists have observed male-male and female-female sexual behavior in at least __________ different animal species in every part of the world

450

The Defense of Marriage Act (DOMA), signed into law by President __________, defines marriage as occurring only between a man and a woman, therefore denying equal protection and due process to gay males and lesbians.

Bill Clinton

Which amendment of the U.S. Constitution requires that the federal government not deprive people of life, liberty, or property without "due process of the law"?

Fifth Amendment

The most popular dating app for gay men is __________.

Grindr

castration anxiety

In psychoanalytic theory, a man's fear that his genitals will be removed. Castration anxiety is an element of the Oedipus complex and is implicated in the directionality of erotic interests

Heteronormativity

The assumption that heterosexuality—being attracted to members of the other anatomic sex—is normal

sexual orientation

The direction of one's sexual and romantic interests—toward members of the same gender, the other gender, or both

activating effects

Those effects of sex hormones that influence the level of the sex drive but not sexual orientation

dizygotic (DZ) twins

Twins who develop from different fertilized ova; fraternal twins

monozygotic (MZ) twins

Twins who develop from the same fertilized ovum; identical twins

Researchers have found evidence linking a region on the __________ to a gay male sexual orientation

X chromosome

Homophobic attitudes are more common among males who identify with ____

a traditional tough male gender role, a conservative political orientation

So-called conversion therapy has attempted to change the sexual orientation of gay males and lesbians. The name of this type of therapy shows confusion about __________

the difference between sexual orientation and sexual behavior

gay bashing

violence against homosexuals

What are hostile attitudes and behaviors toward bisexual people called?

biphobia

In Freud's view, a gay male or lesbian sexual orientation results from failure to successfully resolve the __________.

oedipus complex

According to the FBI, about __________ hate crimes in the United States is directed against gay males or lesbians.

one in five

sexual identity

one's sense of who one is in terms of one's sexual anatomy; cultural stereotypes of masculinity and femininity; one's place in a given cultural setting as a man, woman, or somewhere in between; and the anatomic sex of those to whom one is sexually attracted

eterosexuality and homosexuality are separate dimensions rather than

polar opposites

One's __________ is one's place in a given cultural setting as a man, woman, or somewhere in between

sexual identity

__________ concerns the direction of one's romantic interests and erotic attractions

sexual orientation