HW 12-13

How many ATPs are produced from one molecule of glucose in glycolysis?

2

How many molecules of NADH are produced as a result of glycolysis?

2

When one molecule of FADH2 is oxidized in electron transport, enough energy is released to produce _________ molecules of ATP.

2

When one molecule of NADH is oxidized in electron transport, enough energy is released to produce ______ molecules of ATP.

3

As a result of glycolysis two NADH were produced. From the two pyruvate formed in glycolysis, two NADH were produced in the transition reaction. From the two acetyl groups entering the Krebs cycle, six NADH were produced. Therefore, for each glucose molecule that completes all these reactions, ten NADH were produced. How many ATP do they yield?

30

Therefore, the total of ATP produced from the production of NADH and FADH2 from one glucose molecule is

34

The total of ALL the ATP produced from one molecule of glucose, counting the two produced in glycolysis and the two produced in the Krebs cycle, as well as those produced in electron transport, is

38

As a result of the Krebs cycle, two acetyl groups (that were produced from one glucose molecule at the start of the glycolysis) yielded two FADH2. How many ATP do they yield?

4

If oxygen is available, what reactions can occur after glycolysis? (select all that apply Krebs cycle Transition reaction Electron transport Fermentation

Krebs Cycle Transition REaction Electron transport

In fermentation, what molecule(s) is (are) produced from pyruvic acid in most animal cells, including human muscle cells?

Lactic acid

Where in the cell does electron transport occur?

cristae of mitochondria

In fermentation, what molecule(s) is (are) produced from pyruvic acid in yeast and plant cells?

ethanol and carbon dioxide

When NADH and FADH2 are oxidized at the proteins of the electron transport chain, energy is released. What is this energy used for?

pump hydrogen ions

In glycolysis, glucose is broken down to two molecules of

pyruvate

What is the function of cellular respiration?

to convert energy in the form of carbohydrate to the usable form of energy, ATP

Which of these are needed for anaerobic cellular respiration? ADP and P Water Oxygen Carbohydrate Carbon dioxide

ADP and P Carbohydrate

If a cell does not have a supply of oxygen, what processes can it carry out?

Glycolysis Fermentation

End products of the Krebs cycle include:

FADH2 ATP CO2 NADH

In the transition reaction, a carbon atom is added to pyruvate. (true/false)

False

Like other respiratory reactions, fermentation occurs in the mitochondria.

False

When fermentation occurs, two ATPs are produced in addition to the two ATPs produced in glycolysis.

False

Some bacterial live in the absence of oxygen and only carry out fermentation. Why does this make sense evolutionarily?

It allows some bacteria to exploit resources not available to other organisms. When bacteria first evolved on our planet, there was no oxygen available in the atmosphere It allows some bacteria to inhabit environments with few competitors

What does the build-up of lactate (lactic acid) in your muscle cells feel like?

It is the painful, burning sensation of muscle fatigue

The end products of the transition reaction include: NADH Oxygen Acetyl-CoA Pyruvate Carbon dioxide Water

NADH Acetyl-CoA Carbon dioxide

In glycolysis, as glucose is oxidized, NAD+ is

Reduced

Carbohydrates besides glucose, as well as fats and proteins, can be catabolized by glycolysis and the Krebs cycle.

True

Carbon dioxide is one of the products of the Krebs cycle. (true/false)

True

Glucose, fats and proteins can be synthesized from molecules produced in glycolysis and the Krebs cycle.

True

Glycolysis does not require oxygen. (True/False)

True

In the transition reaction NAD+ is reduced to NADH. (true/false)

True

Molecules can enter glycolysis and the Krebs cycle at different points; the reactions do not have to begin with glucose.

True

The reactions in glycolysis and the Krebs cycle can go in both directions, and therefore, these reactions can be both catabolic and anabolic. (true/false)

True

The transition reaction involves the mitochondria (true/false)

True

The transition reaction prepares molecules to enter the Krebs cycle. (true/false)

True

What is the starting material of the Krebs cycle?

acetyl-CoA

What is the overall reaction for cellular respiration?

carbohydrate + oxygen → carbon dioxide + ATP

Where does the Krebs cycle occur?

matrix of mitochondria