IB-Chapter 4

Which of the following statements about international marketing is true?

Markets are molded by a marketer's promotion and distribution system, the region's econmoy, and various cultural influences.

Which of the following statements about education in terms of its context as a social institution is true?

Nationwide literacy tends to help a country grow its economy rapidly.

The degree to which a culture will tolerate social inequality between superiors and subordinates is reckoned by the

Power Distance Index

The loss of various spoken languages is part of a general

decrease in cultural distinctivness around the world.

Which of the following is a mistake made by marketers in the context of international marketing?

discount importance of myths, beliefs, superstitions, or other cultural beliefs

Countries have been transitioning from agricultural to industrial to service economies. This has led to which of the following?

drop in birthrates

Cultures that score high on the Individualism/Collectivism Index tend to

embrace an "I" mentality

Which of the following statements about social institutions and their influence on culture is true?

Societies become acquainted with most new products via businesses.

True or false: Cultural values have nothing to do with a consumer's likelihood of griping about defective products and service failures.

false

True or false: The "planned change" marketing strategy involves introducing a product to an unprepared market and hoping for the best.

false

In the context of feng shui, ________ refers to energy that supports life and travels through everyone's body and the environment, including the inside and outside of houses and places of employment.

ch'i

Which types of government foundered during the 20th century?

colonialism, ascism, communism, and democracy/free enterprise

Mastersource Inc., an electronics manufacturer, introduces products that resemble what is already present in the market in order to reduce cutural resistance. This scenerio illustrates cultural

congruence

Philip Parker's work indicates that managers should

consider the ambient temperature of a region to be a market segmentation variable.

Innovations most easily incorporated into a culture are those that

generate the most interest within society.

The emergence of cola brands such as Mecca Cola and Arab Cola in the Middle East in the 2000s is a reflection of which of the following?

historic events affecting culture

The concept of linguistic distance revolves around the notion that

it is less expensive to do business in a foreign country where people speak a language that is similar to that of the marketer.

People from cultures with low Power Distance Index often say that ____ is a source of power.

knowledge and achievement

Unlike individualism, collective societies

link people strongly together through close-knit groups.

In most cultures, an infant's first experience with a social institution other than the home is most likely to be

religious.

Patterns of cultural behavior and interaction that are learned and repeated are known as

rituals.

Which of the following have the greatest effect on values and culture?

schools, churches, families, and media

In the context of thought process, Asians

tend to see the entire picture rather than just the foreground when evaluating a situation.

How do social institutions affect the cultural values of people?

ways in which people relate to one another, organize their activities to live in harmony with one another, teach acceptable behavior to succeeding generation, and govern themselves

Which of the following will cause the countries within the European Union to become increasingly similar in what they need, what they want, and how they behave in the economic market?

countries depending more on each other, both economically and socially; global mass communications

When looking for better solutions to specific problems in a society, a responsible effort to learn from the cultural ways of others is known as

cultural borrowing.

Paying attention to the fine distinctions of culture so that it can be studied in anopen-minded way, assessed, and admired is known as

cultural sensitivity

Cultures that score high on the Power Distance Index

are often hierarchical

Cultures that score low on the Individualism/Collectivism Index tend to

subdue the individual and favor the group.

1. Individualism/Collective Index 2. Power Distance Index 3. Uncertainty Avoidance Index 4. Masculinity/Femininity Index

1. self orientation 2. authority orientation 3. risk orientation 4. assertiveness and achievement

Which of the following is a misconception regarding the economic uinification of Europe?

As the economies of European nations are unified, consumers there will want to buy the same products and services.

Which of the following is the most likely reason for governments having relatively little influence on cultural values when compared to family, religion, school, and the media?

Cultural values are usually set before and during adolescence.

________ is th sum of the values, rituals, symbols, beliefs, and thought processes that are learned and shared by a group of people, then transmitted from generation to generation.

Culture

How has birth control changed social institutions and cultural values?

Families are smaller, and governemnt and schools are forced to address issues such as abstinence and condom distribution.

The _____ Index denotes an inclination toward behavior that advances a person's self-interest.

Individualism/Collectivism

Which of the following statements regarding international marketing is true?

It is easier to communicate with consumers who can read and write than with people who can understand only symbols.

Which of the following satements regarding cultural heritage is true?

It is one of the basic traits of human beings.

Which of the following is the geographical argument used by Jared Diamond to theorize why Euro-Asian cultures have sometimes dominated African and American cultures?

It was easier for ideas and information to travel over the Silk Road instead of crossing the Sahara or the Isthmus of Panama.

Which of the following are characteristic of global marketers who understand cultural differences that affect their business operations?

They anticipate changes in markets where they are presently doing business. They pay attention to cultural differences in markets they are attempting to enter.

Which of the following statements regarding similarities among cultures is true?

Two cultures that speakthe same language might interpret certain phrases or words in a very different way.

The tolerance of uncertainty and ambiguity among members of a society is measured by the _____ Index.

Uncertainty Avoidance

The arts, folklore, music, drama, dance, and cosmetics of a culture are known as its

aesthetics

In the context of international marketing, a feature of culture is that it

affects the way consumer prioritize the things they desire and the things they need.

Which of the following features are associated with cultures that scoe low on the Uncertainty Avoidance index?

low level of anxiety and stress; tolerance of deviance and dissent; willingness to take risks

Cultures with high Uncertainty Avoidance Index scores have

no liking for ambiguity.

A culture is most likely to accept something new when ______.

people have some reason to be quite interested in the innovation; the innovation will not disrupt existing beliefs and behaviors very much

How has the availablility of birth control affected families throughout the world?

putting off child bearing; putting off marriage; fewer children

Which of the following are advantages of cultural sensitivity in international marketing?

reduce conflict; improve communications; increase success in collaborative relationships

Cultures are always changing, and yet

they also resist change, which is one of their fundamental attributes.