IB Global Politics: Development articulation sentences from the pink book
Disadvantages of globalisation
Globalisation does not always lead to an equal distribution of benefits. For example, workers have to compete with workers in other countries and this places pressure on wages. This is good for corporate profits, but no for workers.
Impact of globalisation on culture
Globalisation has had an impact on global political interaction by reducing the potential for armed conflict, as national economies become increasingly dependent on other nation states.
Impact of globalisation on small scale farmers
Globalisation has placed pressure on small scale farmers. There have been negative effects for the rural population, which are different for men and women
Advantages of globalisation
Globalisation leads to access to a wider variety of ideas, products and services
India example for globalisation
Globalisation opened up the Indian rural economy. This meant Indian farmers, which were mostly small-scale, could access foreign technology and credit to improve their businesses. It also meant the could sell their products to more markets
North south divide
Countries in the Northern Hemisphere are considered more prosperous and powerful. Countries in the Southern Hemisphere have to obey rules set by those in the North and this can inhibit their development.
Dependency theory
Dependency theory explained that underdeveloped nations such could not copy Western nations in order to develop because they were being exploited by them. This lead underdeveloped countries to adopt extensive policies to protect their economies.
Impact of globalisation on private groups
Economic globalisation and cultural globalisation have had an impact on national and multinational corporations by increasing trade and investment opportunities, and spreading business ideas beyond a nation's borders.
The impact of globalisation
Economic globalisation has affected states by allowing the freer movement of capital, products and business ideas, and a greater access to cheaper labour.
Sustainability
Economic sustainability aims to reduce factors that threaten economic well being. Social sustainability aims to reduce factors that threaten human social well-being. Environmental sustainability aims to reduce factors that threaten environmental well being.
More complex measures of development
It is difficult to measure non-economic indicators of development. However the Human Development Index is a popular method of measurement
Modernisation theory
Modernisation theory is based on the example of industrialised Western countries and suggests there is only one way for a country to develop
Neoliberalism
Neoliberalism suggested that governments should not intervene in the economy, as the free market would allow for more competition and growth. SAPs were introduced to help indebted nations grow, but they were only beneficial for some countries.
Definitions of development
Scholars disagree on the correct definition of development, as it can be defined in economic, social, political or other terms
Impact of large scale businesses on small scale farmers
Small scale farmers are forced to compete with large scale farming corporations in a more open market with less government protection. This negatively affects wages.
Measuring development
The Gini coefficient and GNP per capita are two different ways of measuring a country's development based on their economic strength
The Washington Consensus
The Washington Consensus attempts to balance deregulation with a strong government who oversee the market
Types of globalisation
There are different types of globalisation: economic, political and cultural globalisation