Immunity

IgA antibodies

causes phagocytosis by WBCs and prevent pathogens from adhering to mucous membranes

systemic lupus erythematosus

chronic autoimmune inflammatory disease of collagen in skin, joints, and internal organs

Tizanidine side effects

drowsiness, hypotension, dry mouth, and muscle weakness (asthenia).

A client was diagnosed with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), which causes acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). The nurse realizes that the client needs further teaching about the disease process based on which statement?

"HIV only infects B cells."

A home care nurse is caring for a client who has received a liver transplant. The nurse is reinforcing earlier teaching about the client's immunosuppressant therapy and the need for appropriate self-care. Which client statement suggests that the client understands?

"I will always be at risk for serious infection."

A nurse is preparing a client with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) for discharge. Which instruction should the nurse include in the teaching plan?

"Monitor your body temperature."

The nurse is preparing to administer oprelvekin to a client diagnosed with a chemotherapy-induced bleeding disorder. The nurse is explaining to the client the reason for administering this drug? Which explanation is best?

"The drug is used to increase platelet count during chemotherapy."

The client has been on a systemic corticosteroid for the last 3 weeks. How long should the client wait before receiving a live virus vaccine?

3 months

More than 50% of individuals with this disease develop pernicious anemia:

Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID)

Which type of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is characterized by cells from a donor other than the patient?

Allogenic

A client is applying to nursing school and has come to the clinic with a request to be tested for immunity to hepatitis B. Which type of testing would be best to determine immunity?

Antibody titer

The drug interleukin-2 is an example of which type of biologic response modifier?

Cytokine

A client develops bone marrow suppression related to a drug's effects. What would be most important for the nurse to do?

Monitor laboratory blood values.

A female client is prescribed cyclosporine after her bone marrow transplant. What is the mechanism of action of cyclosporine that makes this an ideal drug for this patient?

Suppression of the normal effects of the immune system in the body

Which adverse effect of muscle relaxants is most pronounced when a client is prescribed tizanidine therapy?

hypotension

Cyclosporine MOA

interferes with CALCINEURIN decr T cell function prolif

IgD antibodies

located on B cell membranes where they act as antigen receptors

A client with infectious mononucleosis asks the nurse why the lymph nodes are enlarged. Which statement is the nurse's appropriate response?

"Your lymph nodes trap and destroy viruses."

A patient with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is having hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) with radiation therapy. In which complication do the donor's lymphocytes recognize the patient's body as foreign and set up reactions to attack the foreign host?

Graft-Versus-Host disease

Which question by the nurse is the best one to elicit complete information about a young boy's immunization status?

"When and where did your child receive his last immunization?"

There are major differences between primary and secondary immunodeficiencies. Select the most accurate statement the nurse would use to explain the cause of a secondary immunodeficiency.

"Your immune system was most likely affected by an underlying disease process."

A client with Guillain-Barré syndrome has paralysis affecting the respiratory muscles and requires mechanical ventilation. When the client asks the nurse about the paralysis, how should the nurse respond?

"The paralysis caused by this disease is temporary."

A 5-year-old child is experiencing itchy, watery eyes and an increased respiratory rate with some inspiratory wheezes. He has been outside playing in the yard and trees. The mother asks, "Why does he get like this?" The health care worker's best response is:

"This is what we call a type I hypersensitivity reaction and usually occurs a few minutes after exposure to his allergen. It is primarily caused by mast cells in his body."

The nurse working at the child community clinic must administer the influenza vaccine to the high-risk children first. Which child would she choose first?

23-month-old client who had heart surgery as an infant for a defect

A nurse assesses a client in the health care provider's office. Which assessment findings support a suspicion of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)?

Facial erythema, pericarditis, pleuritis, fever, and weight loss

The nurse is explaining to a client how an antigen previously encountered elicits a much faster immune response because the body's immune cells "remember" previous encounters with the antigen. The nurse is describing the function of what cells?

B Cells

A nurse comes to the employee health center for evaluation and is diagnosed with allergic contact dermatitis related to latex. What manifestation would the nurse most likely exhibit?

Blistering

simple columnar epithelium

Function: Absorption; secretion of mucus, enzymes, and other substances; ciliated type propels mucus (or reproductive cells) by ciliated action. Location: nonciliated type lines most of the digestive tract (stomach to anal canal), gallbladder and excretory ducts of some glands; ciliated variety lines small bronchi, uterine tubes, and some regions of the uterus.

CVID (common variable immunodeficiency)

Defect in B cell maturation. Can be acquired, increased risk of autoimmune diseases. Normal levels of B cells, decreased levels of plasma cells and immunoglobulins.

A client suspected of having human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has blood drawn for a screening test. What is the first test generally run to see if a client is, indeed, HIV positive?

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)

A client has sought care because of seasonal allergies that are having a negative effect on the client's quality of life. The nurse should recognize the role of what immunoglobulin in this client's health problem?

IgE

The most important function of the thymus is:

Immune cell production and maturation Explanation: The function of the thymus as a lymphoid organ is to generate mature immunocompetent T lymphocytes. The lymph nodes remove foreign material from lymph before it enters the bloodstream and serve as a center for proliferation and response of immune cells. The spleen filters antigens from the blood and responds to systemic infections.

A group of students are reviewing information about immune modulators in preparation for a test. The students demonstrate understanding of the material when they identify what as an immune stimulant?

Interferon

When reviewing the laboratory test results of a client with X-linked agammaglobulinemia, which of the following would be most likely? Select all that apply.

Low levels of IgM

An expectant mother asks the nurse which of her antibodies from previous immunizations would be passed to her fetus during pregnancy. Which response by the nurse would be correct?

Measles antibodies will cross the placenta to protect the fetus.

IgG antibodies

Monomer 80% of serum antibodies Fix complement In blood, lymph, and intestine Cross placenta Enhance phagocytosis; neutralize toxins and viruses; protects fetus and newborn Half-life = 23 days

A 25-year-old client receives a knife wound to the leg in a hunting accident. Which type of immunity was compromised?

Natural immunity

Which type of cell is capable of directly killing invading organisms and producing cytokines?

Natural killer cells

IgM antibodies

Pentamer 5-10% of serum antibodies Fix complement In blood, in lymph, and on B cells Agglutinate microbes; first Ab produced in response to infection Half-life = 5 days

A nurse knows that more than 50% of clients with CVID develop the following disorder.

Pernicious anemia

A 72-year-old client is scheduled for a kidney transplant. The nurse knows that which aspect of advanced age has a positive effect on the success of kidney transplant survival?

Reduction in T-lymphocyte function

The nurse is preparing to administer a prescribed medication to the pregnant client. Which order should the nurse question?

Rubella

A patient has been exposed to a pathogen during an outbreak of a nosocomial (hospital-acquired) infection. The patient's immune system has responded appropriately to the virus, and the response has included the production of memory B cells. These particular B cells will have what effect?

The patient will have a more pronounced immune response to the virus during future

A client is administered cyclosporine to prevent rejection of a kidney transplant. Which is a major adverse effect of cyclosporine?

nephrotoxicity

While explaining immunity to a client, the nurse responds, "The body's internal organs are protected from pathogens because:

our mucosal tissue contains all the necessary cell components to fight a pathogen with an immune response."

A mother who is HIV positive is distraught when she learns that her 6-month-old baby is also HIV-positive. The child had undergone open heart surgery as a newborn and had received numerous blood transfusions. The nurse recognizes that the most likely means of transmission of the disease to this child was:

placental spread during pregnancy

Interlukin 2

released by helper T cells causes them to become memory and killer WBC

A client's exposure to an infectious microorganism has stimulated the client's immune response, including activation of effector (cytotoxic) T cells. These cells will help to eliminate pathogens by:

releasing cytokines that will destroy the foreign cells.

simple cuboidal epithelium

secretion and absorption; kidney tubules, ducts and secretory portions of small glands, ovary surface

A nurse is providing care for a client with a diagnosis of Crohn's disease. The nurse recognizes the fact that the disease involves the inflammation and irritation of the intestinal lining. Which type of tissue is most likely involved in the client's pathology?

simple columnar epithelium